diff --git a/src/jdk.attach/aix/classes/sun/tools/attach/VirtualMachineImpl.java b/src/jdk.attach/aix/classes/sun/tools/attach/VirtualMachineImpl.java
index cd54a6a2ff8..9e00978f250 100644
--- a/src/jdk.attach/aix/classes/sun/tools/attach/VirtualMachineImpl.java
+++ b/src/jdk.attach/aix/classes/sun/tools/attach/VirtualMachineImpl.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2008, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * Copyright (c) 2015, 2019 SAP SE. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
  */
 package sun.tools.attach;
 
-import com.sun.tools.attach.AttachOperationFailedException;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.AgentLoadException;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.AttachNotSupportedException;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.spi.AttachProvider;
@@ -57,13 +56,8 @@ public class VirtualMachineImpl extends HotSpotVirtualMachine {
         super(provider, vmid);
 
         // This provider only understands pids
-        int pid;
-        try {
-            pid = Integer.parseInt(vmid);
-            if (pid < 1) {
-                throw new NumberFormatException();
-            }
-        } catch (NumberFormatException x) {
+        int pid = Integer.parseInt(vmid);
+        if (pid < 1) {
             throw new AttachNotSupportedException("Invalid process identifier: " + vmid);
         }
 
@@ -137,9 +131,6 @@ public class VirtualMachineImpl extends HotSpotVirtualMachine {
     // protocol version
     private static final String PROTOCOL_VERSION = "1";
 
-    // known errors
-    private static final int ATTACH_ERROR_BADVERSION = 101;
-
     /**
      * Execute the given command in the target VM.
      */
@@ -185,46 +176,10 @@ public class VirtualMachineImpl extends HotSpotVirtualMachine {
 
 
         // Create an input stream to read reply
-        SocketInputStream sis = new SocketInputStream(s);
+        SocketInputStreamImpl sis = new SocketInputStreamImpl(s);
 
-        // Read the command completion status
-        int completionStatus;
-        try {
-            completionStatus = readInt(sis);
-        } catch (IOException x) {
-            sis.close();
-            if (ioe != null) {
-                throw ioe;
-            } else {
-                throw x;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (completionStatus != 0) {
-            // read from the stream and use that as the error message
-            String message = readErrorMessage(sis);
-            sis.close();
-
-            // In the event of a protocol mismatch then the target VM
-            // returns a known error so that we can throw a reasonable
-            // error.
-            if (completionStatus == ATTACH_ERROR_BADVERSION) {
-                throw new IOException("Protocol mismatch with target VM");
-            }
-
-            // Special-case the "load" command so that the right exception is
-            // thrown.
-            if (cmd.equals("load")) {
-                String msg = "Failed to load agent library";
-                if (!message.isEmpty())
-                    msg += ": " + message;
-                throw new AgentLoadException(msg);
-            } else {
-                if (message.isEmpty())
-                    message = "Command failed in target VM";
-                throw new AttachOperationFailedException(message);
-            }
-        }
+        // Process the command completion status
+        processCompletionStatus(ioe, cmd, sis);
 
         // Return the input stream so that the command output can be read
         return sis;
@@ -233,39 +188,19 @@ public class VirtualMachineImpl extends HotSpotVirtualMachine {
     /*
      * InputStream for the socket connection to get target VM
      */
-    private static class SocketInputStream extends InputStream {
-        int s;
-
-        public SocketInputStream(int s) {
-            this.s = s;
+    private static class SocketInputStreamImpl extends SocketInputStream {
+        public SocketInputStreamImpl(long fd) {
+            super(fd);
         }
 
-        public synchronized int read() throws IOException {
-            byte b[] = new byte[1];
-            int n = this.read(b, 0, 1);
-            if (n == 1) {
-                return b[0] & 0xff;
-            } else {
-                return -1;
-            }
+        @Override
+        protected int read(long fd, byte[] bs, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+            return VirtualMachineImpl.read((int)fd, bs, off, len);
         }
 
-        public synchronized int read(byte[] bs, int off, int len) throws IOException {
-            if ((off < 0) || (off > bs.length) || (len < 0) ||
-                ((off + len) > bs.length) || ((off + len) < 0)) {
-                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
-            } else if (len == 0)
-                return 0;
-
-            return VirtualMachineImpl.read(s, bs, off, len);
-        }
-
-        public synchronized void close() throws IOException {
-            if (s != -1) {
-                int toClose = s;
-                s = -1;
-                VirtualMachineImpl.close(toClose);
-            }
+        @Override
+        protected void close(long fd) throws IOException {
+            VirtualMachineImpl.close((int)fd);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/jdk.attach/linux/classes/sun/tools/attach/VirtualMachineImpl.java b/src/jdk.attach/linux/classes/sun/tools/attach/VirtualMachineImpl.java
index 7ac440d947d..324e52235cb 100644
--- a/src/jdk.attach/linux/classes/sun/tools/attach/VirtualMachineImpl.java
+++ b/src/jdk.attach/linux/classes/sun/tools/attach/VirtualMachineImpl.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2005, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2005, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
  */
 package sun.tools.attach;
 
-import com.sun.tools.attach.AttachOperationFailedException;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.AgentLoadException;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.AttachNotSupportedException;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.spi.AttachProvider;
@@ -58,13 +57,8 @@ public class VirtualMachineImpl extends HotSpotVirtualMachine {
         super(provider, vmid);
 
         // This provider only understands pids
-        int pid;
-        try {
-            pid = Integer.parseInt(vmid);
-            if (pid < 1) {
-                throw new NumberFormatException();
-            }
-        } catch (NumberFormatException x) {
+        int pid = Integer.parseInt(vmid);
+        if (pid < 1) {
             throw new AttachNotSupportedException("Invalid process identifier: " + vmid);
         }
 
@@ -141,9 +135,6 @@ public class VirtualMachineImpl extends HotSpotVirtualMachine {
     // protocol version
     private static final String PROTOCOL_VERSION = "1";
 
-    // known errors
-    private static final int ATTACH_ERROR_BADVERSION = 101;
-
     /**
      * Execute the given command in the target VM.
      */
@@ -189,46 +180,10 @@ public class VirtualMachineImpl extends HotSpotVirtualMachine {
 
 
         // Create an input stream to read reply
-        SocketInputStream sis = new SocketInputStream(s);
+        SocketInputStreamImpl sis = new SocketInputStreamImpl(s);
 
-        // Read the command completion status
-        int completionStatus;
-        try {
-            completionStatus = readInt(sis);
-        } catch (IOException x) {
-            sis.close();
-            if (ioe != null) {
-                throw ioe;
-            } else {
-                throw x;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (completionStatus != 0) {
-            // read from the stream and use that as the error message
-            String message = readErrorMessage(sis);
-            sis.close();
-
-            // In the event of a protocol mismatch then the target VM
-            // returns a known error so that we can throw a reasonable
-            // error.
-            if (completionStatus == ATTACH_ERROR_BADVERSION) {
-                throw new IOException("Protocol mismatch with target VM");
-            }
-
-            // Special-case the "load" command so that the right exception is
-            // thrown.
-            if (cmd.equals("load")) {
-                String msg = "Failed to load agent library";
-                if (!message.isEmpty())
-                    msg += ": " + message;
-                throw new AgentLoadException(msg);
-            } else {
-                if (message.isEmpty())
-                    message = "Command failed in target VM";
-                throw new AttachOperationFailedException(message);
-            }
-        }
+        // Process the command completion status
+        processCompletionStatus(ioe, cmd, sis);
 
         // Return the input stream so that the command output can be read
         return sis;
@@ -237,40 +192,19 @@ public class VirtualMachineImpl extends HotSpotVirtualMachine {
     /*
      * InputStream for the socket connection to get target VM
      */
-    private static class SocketInputStream extends InputStream {
-        int s = -1;
-
-        public SocketInputStream(int s) {
-            this.s = s;
+    private static class SocketInputStreamImpl extends SocketInputStream {
+        public SocketInputStreamImpl(long fd) {
+            super(fd);
         }
 
-        public synchronized int read() throws IOException {
-            byte b[] = new byte[1];
-            int n = this.read(b, 0, 1);
-            if (n == 1) {
-                return b[0] & 0xff;
-            } else {
-                return -1;
-            }
+        @Override
+        protected int read(long fd, byte[] bs, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+            return VirtualMachineImpl.read((int)fd, bs, off, len);
         }
 
-        public synchronized int read(byte[] bs, int off, int len) throws IOException {
-            if ((off < 0) || (off > bs.length) || (len < 0) ||
-                ((off + len) > bs.length) || ((off + len) < 0)) {
-                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
-            } else if (len == 0) {
-                return 0;
-            }
-
-            return VirtualMachineImpl.read(s, bs, off, len);
-        }
-
-        public synchronized void close() throws IOException {
-            if (s != -1) {
-                int toClose = s;
-                s = -1;
-                VirtualMachineImpl.close(toClose);
-            }
+        @Override
+        protected void close(long fd) throws IOException {
+            VirtualMachineImpl.close((int)fd);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/jdk.attach/macosx/classes/sun/tools/attach/VirtualMachineImpl.java b/src/jdk.attach/macosx/classes/sun/tools/attach/VirtualMachineImpl.java
index 6d05e1158ef..7a3b79853e7 100644
--- a/src/jdk.attach/macosx/classes/sun/tools/attach/VirtualMachineImpl.java
+++ b/src/jdk.attach/macosx/classes/sun/tools/attach/VirtualMachineImpl.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2005, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2005, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
  */
 package sun.tools.attach;
 
-import com.sun.tools.attach.AttachOperationFailedException;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.AgentLoadException;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.AttachNotSupportedException;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.spi.AttachProvider;
@@ -58,13 +57,8 @@ public class VirtualMachineImpl extends HotSpotVirtualMachine {
         super(provider, vmid);
 
         // This provider only understands pids
-        int pid;
-        try {
-            pid = Integer.parseInt(vmid);
-            if (pid < 1) {
-                throw new NumberFormatException();
-            }
-        } catch (NumberFormatException x) {
+        int pid = Integer.parseInt(vmid);
+        if (pid < 1) {
             throw new AttachNotSupportedException("Invalid process identifier: " + vmid);
         }
 
@@ -137,9 +131,6 @@ public class VirtualMachineImpl extends HotSpotVirtualMachine {
     // protocol version
     private static final String PROTOCOL_VERSION = "1";
 
-    // known errors
-    private static final int ATTACH_ERROR_BADVERSION = 101;
-
     /**
      * Execute the given command in the target VM.
      */
@@ -185,46 +176,10 @@ public class VirtualMachineImpl extends HotSpotVirtualMachine {
 
 
         // Create an input stream to read reply
-        SocketInputStream sis = new SocketInputStream(s);
+        SocketInputStreamImpl sis = new SocketInputStreamImpl(s);
 
-        // Read the command completion status
-        int completionStatus;
-        try {
-            completionStatus = readInt(sis);
-        } catch (IOException x) {
-            sis.close();
-            if (ioe != null) {
-                throw ioe;
-            } else {
-                throw x;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (completionStatus != 0) {
-            // read from the stream and use that as the error message
-            String message = readErrorMessage(sis);
-            sis.close();
-
-            // In the event of a protocol mismatch then the target VM
-            // returns a known error so that we can throw a reasonable
-            // error.
-            if (completionStatus == ATTACH_ERROR_BADVERSION) {
-                throw new IOException("Protocol mismatch with target VM");
-            }
-
-            // Special-case the "load" command so that the right exception is
-            // thrown.
-            if (cmd.equals("load")) {
-                String msg = "Failed to load agent library";
-                if (!message.isEmpty())
-                    msg += ": " + message;
-                throw new AgentLoadException(msg);
-            } else {
-                if (message.isEmpty())
-                    message = "Command failed in target VM";
-                throw new AttachOperationFailedException(message);
-            }
-        }
+        // Process the command completion status
+        processCompletionStatus(ioe, cmd, sis);
 
         // Return the input stream so that the command output can be read
         return sis;
@@ -233,40 +188,19 @@ public class VirtualMachineImpl extends HotSpotVirtualMachine {
     /*
      * InputStream for the socket connection to get target VM
      */
-    private static class SocketInputStream extends InputStream {
-        int s;
-
-        public SocketInputStream(int s) {
-            this.s = s;
+    private static class SocketInputStreamImpl extends SocketInputStream {
+        public SocketInputStreamImpl(long fd) {
+            super(fd);
         }
 
-        public synchronized int read() throws IOException {
-            byte b[] = new byte[1];
-            int n = this.read(b, 0, 1);
-            if (n == 1) {
-                return b[0] & 0xff;
-            } else {
-                return -1;
-            }
+        @Override
+        protected int read(long fd, byte[] bs, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+            return VirtualMachineImpl.read((int)fd, bs, off, len);
         }
 
-        public synchronized int read(byte[] bs, int off, int len) throws IOException {
-            if ((off < 0) || (off > bs.length) || (len < 0) ||
-                ((off + len) > bs.length) || ((off + len) < 0)) {
-                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
-            } else if (len == 0) {
-                return 0;
-            }
-
-            return VirtualMachineImpl.read(s, bs, off, len);
-        }
-
-        public synchronized void close() throws IOException {
-            if (s != -1) {
-                int toClose = s;
-                s = -1;
-                VirtualMachineImpl.close(toClose);
-            }
+        @Override
+        protected void close(long fd) throws IOException {
+            VirtualMachineImpl.close((int)fd);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/jdk.attach/share/classes/sun/tools/attach/HotSpotVirtualMachine.java b/src/jdk.attach/share/classes/sun/tools/attach/HotSpotVirtualMachine.java
index 15a257eca42..409aa055082 100644
--- a/src/jdk.attach/share/classes/sun/tools/attach/HotSpotVirtualMachine.java
+++ b/src/jdk.attach/share/classes/sun/tools/attach/HotSpotVirtualMachine.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2005, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2005, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 package sun.tools.attach;
 
+import com.sun.tools.attach.AttachOperationFailedException;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.AttachNotSupportedException;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.VirtualMachine;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.AgentLoadException;
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ public abstract class HotSpotVirtualMachine extends VirtualMachine {
         try {
             pid = Integer.parseInt(id);
         } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
-            throw new AttachNotSupportedException("Invalid process identifier");
+            throw new AttachNotSupportedException("Invalid process identifier: " + id);
         }
 
         // The tool should be a different VM to the target. This check will
@@ -183,6 +184,8 @@ public abstract class HotSpotVirtualMachine extends VirtualMachine {
     private static final int ATTACH_ERROR_NOTONCP       = 101;
     private static final int ATTACH_ERROR_STARTFAIL     = 102;
 
+    // known error
+    private static final int ATTACH_ERROR_BADVERSION = 101;
 
     /*
      * Send "properties" command to target VM
@@ -366,6 +369,94 @@ public abstract class HotSpotVirtualMachine extends VirtualMachine {
         return message.toString();
     }
 
+    /*
+     * Utility method to process the completion status after command execution.
+     * If we get IOE during previous command execution, delay throwing it until
+     * completion status has been read.
+     */
+    void processCompletionStatus(IOException ioe, String cmd, InputStream sis) throws AgentLoadException, IOException {
+        // Read the command completion status
+        int completionStatus;
+        try {
+            completionStatus = readInt(sis);
+        } catch (IOException x) {
+            sis.close();
+            if (ioe != null) {
+                throw ioe;
+            } else {
+                throw x;
+            }
+        }
+        if (completionStatus != 0) {
+            // read from the stream and use that as the error message
+            String message = readErrorMessage(sis);
+            sis.close();
+
+            // In the event of a protocol mismatch then the target VM
+            // returns a known error so that we can throw a reasonable
+            // error.
+            if (completionStatus == ATTACH_ERROR_BADVERSION) {
+                throw new IOException("Protocol mismatch with target VM");
+            }
+
+            // Special-case the "load" command so that the right exception is
+            // thrown.
+            if (cmd.equals("load")) {
+                String msg = "Failed to load agent library";
+                if (!message.isEmpty()) {
+                    msg += ": " + message;
+                }
+                throw new AgentLoadException(msg);
+            } else {
+                if (message.isEmpty()) {
+                    message = "Command failed in target VM";
+                }
+                throw new AttachOperationFailedException(message);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * InputStream for the socket connection to get target VM
+     */
+    abstract static class SocketInputStream extends InputStream {
+        private long fd;
+
+        public SocketInputStream(long fd) {
+            this.fd = fd;
+        }
+
+        protected abstract int read(long fd, byte[] bs, int off, int len) throws IOException;
+        protected abstract void close(long fd) throws IOException;
+
+        public synchronized int read() throws IOException {
+            byte b[] = new byte[1];
+            int n = this.read(b, 0, 1);
+            if (n == 1) {
+                return b[0] & 0xff;
+            } else {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public synchronized int read(byte[] bs, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+            if ((off < 0) || (off > bs.length) || (len < 0) ||
+                ((off + len) > bs.length) || ((off + len) < 0)) {
+                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
+            } else if (len == 0) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            return read(fd, bs, off, len);
+        }
+
+        public synchronized void close() throws IOException {
+            if (fd != -1) {
+                long toClose = fd;
+                fd = -1;
+                close(toClose);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
     // -- attach timeout support
 
diff --git a/src/jdk.attach/windows/classes/sun/tools/attach/VirtualMachineImpl.java b/src/jdk.attach/windows/classes/sun/tools/attach/VirtualMachineImpl.java
index 1277e1fd123..f2241c209bb 100644
--- a/src/jdk.attach/windows/classes/sun/tools/attach/VirtualMachineImpl.java
+++ b/src/jdk.attach/windows/classes/sun/tools/attach/VirtualMachineImpl.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2005, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2005, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
  */
 package sun.tools.attach;
 
-import com.sun.tools.attach.AttachOperationFailedException;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.AgentLoadException;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.AttachNotSupportedException;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.spi.AttachProvider;
@@ -33,6 +32,9 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.util.Random;
 
+/*
+ * Windows implementation of HotSpotVirtualMachine
+ */
 public class VirtualMachineImpl extends HotSpotVirtualMachine {
 
     // the enqueue code stub (copied into each target VM)
@@ -45,12 +47,7 @@ public class VirtualMachineImpl extends HotSpotVirtualMachine {
     {
         super(provider, id);
 
-        int pid;
-        try {
-            pid = Integer.parseInt(id);
-        } catch (NumberFormatException x) {
-            throw new AttachNotSupportedException("Invalid process identifier");
-        }
+        int pid = Integer.parseInt(id);
         hProcess = openProcess(pid);
 
         // The target VM might be a pre-6.0 VM so we enqueue a "null" command
@@ -108,26 +105,10 @@ public class VirtualMachineImpl extends HotSpotVirtualMachine {
             connectPipe(hPipe);
 
             // create an input stream for the pipe
-            PipedInputStream in = new PipedInputStream(hPipe);
+            SocketInputStreamImpl in = new SocketInputStreamImpl(hPipe);
 
-            // read completion status
-            int status = readInt(in);
-            if (status != 0) {
-                // read from the stream and use that as the error message
-                String message = readErrorMessage(in);
-                in.close();
-                // special case the load command so that the right exception is thrown
-                if (cmd.equals("load")) {
-                    String msg = "Failed to load agent library";
-                    if (!message.isEmpty())
-                        msg += ": " + message;
-                    throw new AgentLoadException(msg);
-                } else {
-                    if (message.isEmpty())
-                        message = "Command failed in target VM";
-                    throw new AttachOperationFailedException(message);
-                }
-            }
+            // Process the command completion status
+            processCompletionStatus(null, cmd, in);
 
             // return the input stream
             return in;
@@ -139,40 +120,19 @@ public class VirtualMachineImpl extends HotSpotVirtualMachine {
     }
 
     // An InputStream based on a pipe to the target VM
-    private static class PipedInputStream extends InputStream {
-
-        private long hPipe;
-
-        public PipedInputStream(long hPipe) {
-            this.hPipe = hPipe;
+    private static class SocketInputStreamImpl extends SocketInputStream {
+        public SocketInputStreamImpl(long fd) {
+            super(fd);
         }
 
-        public synchronized int read() throws IOException {
-            byte b[] = new byte[1];
-            int n = this.read(b, 0, 1);
-            if (n == 1) {
-                return b[0] & 0xff;
-            } else {
-                return -1;
-            }
+        @Override
+        protected int read(long fd, byte[] bs, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+            return VirtualMachineImpl.readPipe(fd, bs, off, len);
         }
 
-        public synchronized int read(byte[] bs, int off, int len) throws IOException {
-            if ((off < 0) || (off > bs.length) || (len < 0) ||
-                ((off + len) > bs.length) || ((off + len) < 0)) {
-                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
-            } else if (len == 0)
-                return 0;
-
-            return VirtualMachineImpl.readPipe(hPipe, bs, off, len);
-        }
-
-        public synchronized void close() throws IOException {
-            if (hPipe != -1) {
-                long toClose = hPipe;
-                hPipe = -1;
-                VirtualMachineImpl.closePipe(toClose);
-           }
+        @Override
+        protected void close(long fd) throws IOException {
+            VirtualMachineImpl.closePipe(fd);
         }
     }