diff --git a/jdk/make/CreateJars.gmk b/jdk/make/CreateJars.gmk index d65fb7ea737..aca0f42904a 100644 --- a/jdk/make/CreateJars.gmk +++ b/jdk/make/CreateJars.gmk @@ -76,13 +76,24 @@ LOCALEDATA_INCLUDE_LOCALES := ar be bg ca cs da de el es et fi fr ga hi hr hu in iw ja ko lt lv mk ms mt nl no pl pt ro ru sk sl sq sr sv \ th tr uk vi zh -LOCALEDATA_INCLUDES := $(addprefix sun/text/resources/, $(LOCALEDATA_INCLUDE_LOCALES)) \ +LOCALEDATA_INCLUDES := sun/util/resources/provider/NonEnLocaleDataMetaInfo.class +LOCALEDATA_INCLUDES += $(addprefix sun/text/resources/, $(LOCALEDATA_INCLUDE_LOCALES)) \ $(addprefix sun/util/resources/, $(LOCALEDATA_INCLUDE_LOCALES)) -$(eval $(call SetupArchive,BUILD_LOCALEDATA_JAR, , \ - SRCS := $(JDK_OUTPUTDIR)/modules/jdk.localedata, \ +LOCALEDATA_SERVICES_DIR := $(IMAGES_OUTPUTDIR)/localemetainfo + +LOCALEDATA_METAINF_SERVICES := $(LOCALEDATA_SERVICES_DIR)/META-INF/services/sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleDataMetaInfo + +$(LOCALEDATA_METAINF_SERVICES): $(JDK_TOPDIR)/src/jdk.localedata/META-INF/localedata-services/sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleDataMetaInfo + $(install-file) + +$(eval $(call SetupArchive,BUILD_LOCALEDATA_JAR, \ + $(LOCALEDATA_METAINF_SERVICES), \ + SRCS := $(JDK_OUTPUTDIR)/modules/jdk.localedata \ + $(LOCALEDATA_SERVICES_DIR), \ SUFFIXES := .class _dict _th, \ INCLUDES := $(LOCALEDATA_INCLUDES), \ + EXTRA_FILES := META-INF/services/sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleDataMetaInfo, \ JAR := $(IMAGES_OUTPUTDIR)/lib/ext/localedata.jar, \ SKIP_METAINF := true)) @@ -210,6 +221,8 @@ RT_JAR_EXCLUDES += \ sun/tools/tree \ sun/tools/util \ sun/util/cldr/CLDRLocaleDataMetaInfo.class \ + sun/util/resources/provider/NonEnLocaleDataMetaInfo.class \ + META-INF/services/sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleDataMetaInfo \ sun/util/resources/cldr \ $(LOCALEDATA_INCLUDES) \ com/oracle/jrockit/jfr \ @@ -429,13 +442,23 @@ include gensrc/GensrcCLDR.gmk CLDRDATA_JAR_DST := $(IMAGES_OUTPUTDIR)/lib/ext/cldrdata.jar -$(eval $(call SetupArchive,BUILD_CLDRDATA_JAR, , \ +CLDR_SERVICES_DIR := $(IMAGES_OUTPUTDIR)/cldrmetainfo + +CLDR_METAINF_SERVICES := $(CLDR_SERVICES_DIR)/META-INF/services/sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleDataMetaInfo + +$(CLDR_METAINF_SERVICES): $(JDK_TOPDIR)/src/jdk.localedata/META-INF/cldrdata-services/sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleDataMetaInfo + $(install-file) + +$(eval $(call SetupArchive,BUILD_CLDRDATA_JAR, \ + $(CLDR_METAINF_SERVICES), \ SRCS := $(JDK_OUTPUTDIR)/modules/jdk.localedata \ - $(JDK_OUTPUTDIR)/modules/java.base, \ + $(JDK_OUTPUTDIR)/modules/java.base \ + $(CLDR_SERVICES_DIR), \ SUFFIXES := .class, \ INCLUDES := sun/text/resources/cldr \ sun/util/cldr/CLDRLocaleDataMetaInfo.class \ sun/util/resources/cldr, \ + EXTRA_FILES := META-INF/services/sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleDataMetaInfo, \ JAR := $(CLDRDATA_JAR_DST), \ EXTRA_MANIFEST_ATTR := CLDR-Version: $(CLDRVERSION), \ SKIP_METAINF := true)) diff --git a/jdk/make/data/currency/CurrencyData.properties b/jdk/make/data/currency/CurrencyData.properties index a22ddd4b3b6..2b5a5704959 100644 --- a/jdk/make/data/currency/CurrencyData.properties +++ b/jdk/make/data/currency/CurrencyData.properties @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ # -# Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. +# Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. # # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ formatVersion=1 # Version of the currency code information in this class. # It is a serial number that accompanies with each amendment. -dataVersion=156 +dataVersion=159 # List of all valid ISO 4217 currency codes. # To ensure compatibility, do not remove codes. @@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ LY=LYD # LIECHTENSTEIN LI=CHF # LITHUANIA -LT=LTL +LT=LTL;2014-12-31-22-00-00;EUR # LUXEMBOURG LU=EUR # MACAU diff --git a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/VERSION b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/VERSION index c735be51ca1..5e925ada8df 100644 --- a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/VERSION +++ b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/VERSION @@ -1,24 +1,24 @@ # # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. -# +# # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. -# +# # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that # accompanied this code). -# +# # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. -# +# # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any # questions. # -tzdata2014c +tzdata2014g diff --git a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/africa b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/africa index 6f1a1471e0c..aa91f365ce1 100644 --- a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/africa +++ b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/africa @@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any # questions. # -# 
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
-# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 #
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
-# .
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
+# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@
 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
 # but Mark R V Murray reports that
-# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
-# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
-# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
-# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
-# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
+# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
+# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
+# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
+# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
+# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
 #
-# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
+# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
 #	 2:00	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
 #	 1:00	WAT	West Africa Time
-# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
+# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
 # until we get more information.
 #
@@ -117,9 +117,9 @@ Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
 # more precise 0:09:21.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
-			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
-			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25 2:00
+Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
+			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
+			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25  2:00
 			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1946 Oct  7
 			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
 			1:00	-	CET	1963 Apr 14
@@ -129,18 +129,8 @@ Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
 			1:00	-	CET
 
 # Angola
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
-			0:52:04	-	AOT	1911 May 26 # Angola Time
-			1:00	-	WAT
-
 # Benin
-# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
-			0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
-			1:00	-	WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
 
 # Botswana
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
@@ -149,14 +139,12 @@ Zone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
 			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
-			2:00	-	CAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
-			2:00	1:00	CAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
+			2:00	-	CAT	1943 Sep 19  2:00
+			2:00	1:00	CAST	1944 Mar 19  2:00
 			2:00	-	CAT
 
 # Burkina Faso
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Ouagadougou	-0:06:04 -	LMT	1912
-			 0:00	-	GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Burundi
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -164,52 +152,60 @@ Zone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
 			2:00	-	CAT
 
 # Cameroon
-# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
-			1:00	-	WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
 
 # Cape Verde
+#
+# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
+# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# merely made it official?
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907			# Praia
+Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907        # Praia
 			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
 			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
-			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25 2:00
+			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25  2:00
 			-1:00	-	CVT
 
 # Central African Republic
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
-			1:00	-	WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
 
 # Chad
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912
+Zone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912        # N'Djamena
 			1:00	-	WAT	1979 Oct 14
 			1:00	1:00	WAST	1980 Mar  8
 			1:00	-	WAT
 
 # Comoros
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul   # Moroni, Gran Comoro
+Zone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
-# Democratic Republic of Congo
+# Democratic Republic of the Congo
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
-			1:00	-	WAT
 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
 			2:00	-	CAT
+# The above is for the eastern part; see Africa/Lagos for the western part.
 
 # Republic of the Congo
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Brazzaville	1:01:08 -	LMT	1912
-			1:00	-	WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
 
-# Cote D'Ivoire
+# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
 			 0:00	-	GMT
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako	# Mali
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul	# Gambia
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry	# Guinea
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar	# Senegal
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown	# Sierra Leone
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome		# Togo
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott	# Mauritania
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou	# Burkina Faso
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome	# São Tomé and Príncipe
+Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena	# St Helena
 
 # Djibouti
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -254,30 +250,26 @@ Rule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
 #
 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
-# 
 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
-# 
 # or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
-# 
 Rule	Egypt	1995	2010	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	1995	2005	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	1995	2005	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
-Rule	Egypt	2006	only	-	Sep	21	23:00s	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2006	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
-Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	23:00s	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	24:00	0	-
 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
@@ -311,15 +303,9 @@ Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	23:00s	0	-
 #
 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
 #
-# [1] 
-# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
-# 
-# [2] 
-# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
-# 
-# [3] 
-# http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
-# 
+# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
+# [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
+# [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
@@ -329,14 +315,10 @@ Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	23:00s	0	-
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
 # Information and Decision Support Center:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
-# 
 #
 # The Middle East News Agency
-# 
 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
-# 
 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
@@ -344,19 +326,14 @@ Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	23:00s	0	-
 # (at least today).
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
-# According to News from Egypt -  Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
+# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
 # Ramadan.
 #
 # Arabic translation:
-# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again"
-# 
+# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
-# 
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
-# 
 
 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
@@ -365,46 +342,77 @@ Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	23:00s	0	-
 # From Gunther Vermier (2015-05-13):
 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-05-13):
+# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
+# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
+# in Egypt.  The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
+# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
+# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
+# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
+# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
+# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
+# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
+# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014."  This statement has been
+# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
+# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
-# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption.  The AP story says
-# DST will not be observed during Ramadan.  There is no information about when
-# DST will end.  See:
+# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption.  There is
+# no information about when DST will end this fall.  See:
 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
 #
-# For now, guess that later transitions will use 2010's rules, and that
-# Egypt will agree with Morocco (see below) about the date Ramadan starts and
-# ends, though (unlike Morocco) it will switch at 00:00 standard time.  In
-# Egypt the spring-forward transitions are removed for 2020-2022, when the
-# guessed spring-forward date falls during the estimated Ramadan, and all
-# transitions removed for 2023-2038, where the estimated Ramadan falls entirely
-# outside the guessed daylight-saving time.  Ramadan intrudes on the guessed
-# DST starting in 2039, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff.
-
-Rule	Egypt	2008	only	-	Aug	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2009	only	-	Aug	20	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Aug	11	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	10	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
+# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use
+# 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at
+# 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the
+# first Friday after Ramadan.  To implement this,
+# transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running
+# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated
+# by hand into the table below.  Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed
+# DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff.
+# (let ((islamic-year 1436))
+#   (while (< islamic-year 1460)
+#     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
+#           (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
+#           (friday 5))
+#       (while (/= friday (mod a 7))
+#         (setq a (1- a)))
+#       (while (/= friday (mod b 7))
+#         (setq b (1+ b)))
+#       (setq a (1- a))
+#       (setq b (1- b))
+#       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
+#       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
+#       (insert
+#        (format
+#         (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
+#                 "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n")
+#         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
+#         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
+#     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
+Rule	Egypt	2008	only	-	Aug	lastThu	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2009	only	-	Aug	20	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Aug	10	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	 9	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	May	15	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jun	29	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jul	29	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2014	max	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jun	26	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jul	31	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2014	max	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	2015	2019	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2015	only	-	Jun	18	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2015	only	-	Jul	18	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2016	only	-	Jun	 7	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2016	only	-	Jul	 7	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2017	only	-	May	27	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2017	only	-	Jun	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2018	only	-	May	16	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2018	only	-	Jun	15	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2019	only	-	May	 6	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2019	only	-	Jun	 5	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2020	only	-	May	24	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2021	only	-	May	13	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2022	only	-	May	 3	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2015	only	-	Jun	11	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2015	only	-	Jul	23	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2016	only	-	Jun	 2	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2016	only	-	Jul	 7	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2017	only	-	May	25	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2017	only	-	Jun	29	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2018	only	-	May	10	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2018	only	-	Jun	14	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2019	only	-	May	 2	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2019	only	-	Jun	 6	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2020	only	-	May	28	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2021	only	-	May	13	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2022	only	-	May	 5	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	2023	max	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -412,60 +420,63 @@ Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:09 -	LMT	1900 Oct
 			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT
 
 # Equatorial Guinea
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
-			0:00	-	GMT	1963 Dec 15
-			1:00	-	WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
 
 # Eritrea
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Asmara	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
-			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890	      # Asmara Mean Time
-			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
+			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890        # Asmara Mean Time
+			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May  5 # Adis Dera MT
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Ethiopia
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
-# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
-# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
+# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
+# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
+# 02:00 or 14:00.  Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
+#
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
+# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
+# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05.  Perhaps 38E50
+# was for Adis Dera.  Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong
+# anyway.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
-			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
+			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May  5 # Adis Dera MT
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Gabon
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
-			1:00	-	WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
 
 # Gambia
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
-			-1:06:36 -	BMT	1935	# Banjul Mean Time
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1964
-			 0:00	-	GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Ghana
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	GHST
-Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	GMT
+# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
+# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
+# and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
+# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
+# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
+# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
+Rule	Ghana	1920	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	GHST
+Rule	Ghana	1920	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	GMT
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
 			 0:00	Ghana	%s
 
 # Guinea
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
-			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1960
-			 0:00	-	GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Guinea-Bissau
+#
+# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
+# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1911 May 26
+Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
 			-1:00	-	WAT	1975
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
@@ -480,8 +491,8 @@ Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
 # Lesotho
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
-			2:00	-	SAST	1943 Sep 19 2:00
-			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
+			2:00	-	SAST	1943 Sep 19  2:00
+			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19  2:00
 			2:00	-	SAST
 
 # Liberia
@@ -549,11 +560,11 @@ Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
 			2:00	-	EET	1982
 			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1990 May  4
 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
-# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
+# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
 			2:00	-	EET	1996 Sep 30
 			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1997 Oct  4
-			2:00	-	EET	2012 Nov 10 2:00
-			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	2013 Oct 25 2:00
+			2:00	-	EET	2012 Nov 10  2:00
+			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	2013 Oct 25  2:00
 			2:00	-	EET
 
 # Madagascar
@@ -569,18 +580,8 @@ Zone	Africa/Blantyre	2:20:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 			2:00	-	CAT
 
 # Mali
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
-			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Jun 20
-			 0:00	-	GMT
-
 # Mauritania
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
-			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Nov 28
-			 0:00	-	GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Mauritius
 
@@ -604,9 +605,7 @@ Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
 # According to
-# 
 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
-# 
 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31).  The new start
 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
@@ -621,22 +620,17 @@ Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
-# time:  Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
+# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
 #
 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
-# de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
-# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.
-# ...
-# 
+# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
+# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
-# 
 
 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
 # The Government of Mauritius weblink
-# 
 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
-# 
 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
 #
 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
@@ -646,33 +640,25 @@ Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
-# year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
+# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
 # and end on 29 March 2009.
 
 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
-# 
 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
 # DST the coming summer...
 #
 # Some sources, in French:
-# 
 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
-# 
-# 
 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
-# 
 #
 # Our wrap-up:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
-# 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
@@ -685,18 +671,18 @@ Rule Mauritius	1983	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	0	-
 Rule Mauritius	2008	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule Mauritius	2009	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907		# Port Louis
+Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907 # Port Louis
 			4:00 Mauritius	MU%sT	# Mauritius Time
 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
 
 # Mayotte
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
+Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Morocco
-# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
+# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
@@ -704,60 +690,44 @@ Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
 #
 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
-# Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
+# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
 #
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
-# 
-# OR
-# 
 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
-# 
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
-# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse:
-# 
+# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
+# Presse:
 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
-# 
 #
 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
 # spokesman.
 
 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
 # According to this article:
-# 
 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
-# 
-# (and republished here:
-# 
-# http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html
-# 
-# )
-# the changes occurs at midnight:
+# (and republished here: )
+# the changes occur at midnight:
 #
-# saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be
-# intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday)
-# sunday night the 28th  at midnight
+# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
+# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
+# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
 #
-# Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
-# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and
-# monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
-# june1st to sept 27th.
+# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
+# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
+# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
+# June 1st to Sept 27th.
 #
 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
 # published on the web.
 #
 # It's also confirmed here:
-# 
 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
-# 
-# on a government portal as being  between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet
-# posted in english).
+# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
+# posted in English).
 #
-# The following google query will generate many relevant hits:
-# 
+# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
@@ -765,47 +735,32 @@ Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
 # of September:
 #
 # One article about it (in French):
-# 
 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
-# 
 #
 # We have some further details posted here:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
 # to many sources, such as
-# 
 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
-# 
-# 
 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
-# 
 # (French)
 #
 # Our summary:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
-# 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
-# Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
+# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
 #
 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967)
 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
 #
-# 
 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
-# 
-#
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
@@ -813,51 +768,33 @@ Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
 #
 # Example:
-# 
 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
-# 
 # (French)
 # Our page:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
-# 
 
 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
-# The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00
-# The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59,  [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00
+# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
+# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
 # ...Official links of change in morocco
 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
 # +212.537.71.84.00
-# 
 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
-# 
 # They said that
-# 
 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
-# 
 # is the official publication to look at.
 # They said that the decision was already taken.
 #
 # More articles in the press
-# 
-# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev
-# 
-# e.html
-# 
+# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
-# 
-# 
 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
-# anche-prochain-5538.html
-# 
 
 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
 # They have it written in English here:
-# 
 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
-# 
 #
 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
@@ -865,20 +802,16 @@ Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
 # also been like that in the past.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
-# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
-# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
-# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
-# 
+# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
+# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
+# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
-# 
 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
 # except the month of Ramadan.
 # or (brief)
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
-# 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
@@ -889,17 +822,13 @@ Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
 
 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
 # Seen Morocco change again:
-# 
 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
-# 
-# "...à partir du dernier dimance d'avril et non fins mars,
-# comme annoncé précédemment."
+# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
+# comme annoncé précédemment."
 
 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
-# 
 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
-# 
 #
 # Google translation, lightly edited:
 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
@@ -917,7 +846,7 @@ Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
 # announced a bit in advance.  On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
-# .
+# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
 
 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
@@ -937,39 +866,36 @@ Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-19):
-# To estimate what the Moroccan government will do in future years,
-# transition dates for 2014 through 2038 were determined by running
-# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3:
-#
-# (let ((islamic-year 1435))
-#   (while (< islamic-year 1461)
-#     (let ((a
-#	     (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
-#	      (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))))
-#	    (b
-#	     (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
-#	      (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))))
-#	(insert
-#	 (format
-#	  (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
-#		  "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
-#	  (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
-#	  (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
+# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
+# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
+# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time....  DST
+# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
+# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05):
+# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules,
+# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
+# Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after
+# Ramadan.  To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were
+# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
+# results integrated by hand into the table below.
+# (let ((islamic-year 1436))
+#   (while (< islamic-year 1460)
+#     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
+#           (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
+#           (saturday 6))
+#       (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
+#       (while (/= saturday (mod b 7))
+#         (setq b (1+ b)))
+#       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
+#       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
+#       (insert
+#        (format
+#         (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
+#                 "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
+#         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
+#         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
 #     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
-#
-# with spring-forward transitions removed for 2023-2025, when the
-# normal spring-forward date falls during the estimated Ramadan; with
-# all transitions removed for 2026-2035, where the estimated Ramadan
-# falls entirely outside daylight-saving time; and with fall-back
-# transitions removed for 2036-2037, where the normal fall-back
-# date falls during the estimated Ramadan.  Normally, the table would
-# stop after 2037 because 32-bit time_t values roll around early in 2038,
-# but that would imply a prediction of perpetual DST after March 2038
-# due to the year-2037 glitches.  So, this table instead stops after
-# 2038, the first non-glitchy year after the 32-bit rollover.
-# An advantage of stopping after 2038 is that it lets zic guess
-# TZ='WET0WEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3' for time stamps far in the future.
 
 # RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 
@@ -991,46 +917,44 @@ Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Aug	 21	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Aug	21	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	May	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	Aug	 8	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Apr	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Jul	 31	 0	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2012	2013	-	Apr	 lastSun 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Sep	 30	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Jul	 20	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Aug	 20	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Jul	  7	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Aug	 10	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2013	2035	-	Oct	 lastSun 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2014	2022	-	Mar	 lastSun 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Jun	 29	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Jul	 29	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jun	 18	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jul	 18	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jun	  7	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jul	  7	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	May	 27	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	Jun	 26	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	May	 16	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	Jun	 15	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	May	  6	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	Jun	  5	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	Apr	 24	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	May	 24	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	Apr	 13	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	May	 13	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	Apr	  3	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	May	  3	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2023	only	-	Apr	 22	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2024	only	-	Apr	 10	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2025	only	-	Mar	 31	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2026	max	-	Mar	 lastSun 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2036	only	-	Oct	 21	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2037	only	-	Oct	 11	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2038	only	-	Sep	 30	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2038	only	-	Oct	 30	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2038	max	-	Oct	 lastSun 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Jul	31	 0	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2012	2013	-	Apr	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Sep	30	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Jul	20	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Aug	20	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Jul	 7	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Aug	10	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2013	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2014	2022	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Jun	28	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Aug	 2	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jun	13	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jul	18	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jun	 4	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jul	 9	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	May	20	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	May	12	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	Jun	16	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	May	 4	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	Jun	 8	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	Apr	18	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	May	30	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	Apr	10	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	May	15	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	Apr	 2	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	May	 7	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2023	only	-	Apr	22	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2024	only	-	Apr	13	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2025	only	-	Apr	 5	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2026	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2035	only	-	Oct	27	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2036	only	-	Oct	18	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2037	only	-	Oct	10	 3:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
@@ -1049,11 +973,17 @@ Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
 
-Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan
+Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan # El Aaiún
 			-1:00	-	WAT	1976 Apr 14
 			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT
 
 # Mozambique
+#
+# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
+# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# merely made it official?
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 			2:00	-	CAT
@@ -1062,8 +992,8 @@ Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
 
-# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in
-# :
+# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
+# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions.  Chief of
@@ -1080,34 +1010,41 @@ Rule	Namibia	1994	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Namibia	1995	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
-			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar	# SW Africa Time
-			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20 2:00
-			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21 2:00
+			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar    # SW Africa Time
+			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20  2:00
+			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21  2:00
 			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
 			2:00	-	CAT	1994 Apr  3
 			1:00	Namibia	WA%sT
 
 # Niger
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Niamey	 0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
-			 0:00	-	GMT	1960
-			 1:00	-	WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
 
 # Nigeria
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep
 			1:00	-	WAT
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui	     # Central African Republic
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala	     # Cameroon
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa    # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville  # Gabon
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda	     # Angola
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo	     # Equatorial Guinea
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey	     # Niger
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo  # Benin
 
-# Reunion
+# Réunion
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# Saint-Denis
-			4:00	-	RET	# Reunion Time
+Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
+			4:00	-	RET	# Réunion Time
 #
-# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
+# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
+#
+# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
 # The following information about them is taken from
-# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
-# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
+# Îles Éparses (, 1997-07-22,
+# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
 #
 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
@@ -1122,32 +1059,21 @@ Zone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
 			2:00	-	CAT
 
 # St Helena
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
-			-0:22:48 -	JMT	1951	# Jamestown Mean Time
-			 0:00	-	GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
 #	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
-#	Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
+#	Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
 #	Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
 #		on GMT, says the CIA
-#	Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
-
-# Sao Tome and Principe
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
-			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912	# Lisbon Mean Time
-			 0:00	-	GMT
+#	Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
 
+# São Tomé and Príncipe
 # Senegal
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1941 Jun
-			 0:00	-	GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Seychelles
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
+Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun # Victoria
 			4:00	-	SCT	# Seychelles Time
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
@@ -1157,17 +1083,7 @@ Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
 
 # Sierra Leone
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	0:40	SLST
-Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	WAT
-Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	SLST
-Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	GMT
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
-			-0:53:00 -	FMT	1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
-			-1:00	SL	%s	1957
-			 0:00	SL	%s
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Somalia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -1190,9 +1106,9 @@ Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
 
 # Sudan
 #
-# From 
-# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
-# , also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
+# From 
+# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
+# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
 # Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
@@ -1223,14 +1139,12 @@ Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Togo
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
-			0:00	-	GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Tunisia
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
-# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
+# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
 # this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
 # , in a story attributed to AP
 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
@@ -1239,8 +1153,8 @@ Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
 # Saturday."  (My translation)
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
-# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
-# 
+# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
+# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
 # 1h standard time.
 #
@@ -1253,18 +1167,12 @@ Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
 # (Arabic)
-# 
 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
-# 
-# 
 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
-# 
 #
 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
-# 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
@@ -1272,20 +1180,17 @@ Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
 #
 # (in English)
-# 
 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
-# 
 #
 # (in Arabic)
-# 
 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
-# 
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18):
-# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact
-# that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time.
-# Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long."
-# So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the  future).
+# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
+# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
+# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
+# concerned by summer time.  Therefore, the standard time will be kept
+# unchanged the whole year long."  So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
+# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
@@ -1297,12 +1202,8 @@ Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
 #
 # (in Arabic)
-# 
 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
-# 
 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -1337,7 +1238,7 @@ Rule	Tunisia	2006	2008	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
-			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
+			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
 			1:00	Tunisia	CE%sT
 
 # Uganda
diff --git a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/antarctica b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/antarctica
index e31bada94fb..0cdac270861 100644
--- a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/antarctica
+++ b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/antarctica
@@ -21,19 +21,16 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
-# 
 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
-# 
+# http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/
 # and
-# 
 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
-# 
+# http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm
 # for information.
 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
 #
@@ -78,19 +75,19 @@ Rule	ChileAQ	2012	max	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
 
 # Argentina - year-round bases
 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
-# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
-# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
-# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
+# Carlini, Potter Cove, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
+# Esperanza, Hope Bay, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
+# Marambio, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
-# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
+# San Martín, Barry I, -6808-06706, since 1951-03-21
 #	(except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
 
 # Australia - territories
 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
 #	previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
-#	
 #	Margaret Turner reports
-#	 (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
+#	http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html
+#	(1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
 #	presumably this is when they have visitors.
 #
 # year-round bases
@@ -107,14 +104,10 @@ Rule	ChileAQ	2012	max	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
 # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
 #
 # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
-# 
 # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
-# 
 #
 # We have more background information here:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: ...
@@ -129,50 +122,49 @@ Rule	ChileAQ	2012	max	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
 # - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
 #
 # Background:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
-# 
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Casey	0	-	zzz	1969
-			8:00	-	WST	2009 Oct 18 2:00
-						# Western (Aus) Standard Time
-			11:00	-	CAST	2010 Mar 5 2:00
-						# Casey Time
-			8:00	-	WST	2011 Oct 28 2:00
+			8:00	-	AWST	2009 Oct 18  2:00
+						# Australian Western Std Time
+			11:00	-	CAST	2010 Mar  5  2:00  # Casey Time
+			8:00	-	AWST	2011 Oct 28  2:00
 			11:00	-	CAST	2012 Feb 21 17:00u
-			8:00	-	WST
+			8:00	-	AWST
 Zone Antarctica/Davis	0	-	zzz	1957 Jan 13
-			7:00	-	DAVT	1964 Nov # Davis Time
+			7:00	-	DAVT	1964 Nov    # Davis Time
 			0	-	zzz	1969 Feb
-			7:00	-	DAVT	2009 Oct 18 2:00
+			7:00	-	DAVT	2009 Oct 18  2:00
 			5:00	-	DAVT	2010 Mar 10 20:00u
-			7:00	-	DAVT	2011 Oct 28 2:00
+			7:00	-	DAVT	2011 Oct 28  2:00
 			5:00	-	DAVT	2012 Feb 21 20:00u
 			7:00	-	DAVT
 Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	zzz	1954 Feb 13
-			6:00	-	MAWT	2009 Oct 18 2:00
-						# Mawson Time
+			6:00	-	MAWT	2009 Oct 18  2:00 # Mawson Time
 			5:00	-	MAWT
 # References:
-# 
 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
-# 
-# 
+# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html
 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
-# 
-# 
+# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html
 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
-# 
+# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html
+
+# Belgium - year-round base
+# Princess Elisabeth, Queen Maud Land, -713412+0231200, since 2007
 
 # Brazil - year-round base
-# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
+# Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
+
+# Bulgaria - year-round base
+# St. Kliment Ohridski, Livingston Island, -623829-0602153, since 1988
 
 # Chile - year-round bases and towns
 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
-# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
-# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
-# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
+# Frei Montalva, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
+# O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
+# Prat, -6230-05941
 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
 
@@ -180,31 +172,35 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	zzz	1954 Feb 13
 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
 
-# France - year-round bases
+# France - year-round bases (also see "France & Italy")
 #
 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
-# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
+# Time data entries are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
-# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
-# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
+# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adélie bases
+# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adélie supplies came
 # from Tasmania.
 #
 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
 #
-# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
-# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
-# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
+# Alfred Faure, Possession Island, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964;
+#	sealing & whaling stations operated variously 1802/1911+;
+#	see Indian/Reunion.
+#
+# Martin-de-Viviès, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
+# Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
 #	whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
 #
 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
 #	fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Kerguelen	0	-	zzz	1950	# Port-aux-Francais
+Zone Indian/Kerguelen	0	-	zzz	1950 # Port-aux-Français
 			5:00	-	TFT	# ISO code TF Time
 #
 # year-round base in the main continent
-# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
+# Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
+#  (2005-12-05)
 #
 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
@@ -214,20 +210,22 @@ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	zzz	1947
 			10:00	-	PMT	1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
 			0	-	zzz	1956 Nov
 			10:00	-	DDUT	# Dumont-d'Urville Time
-# Reference:
-# 
-# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
-# 
+
+# France & Italy - year-round base
+# Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005
 
 # Germany - year-round base
-# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
+# Neumayer III, -704080-0081602, since 2009
 
-# India - year-round base
-# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
+# India - year-round bases
+# Bharati, -692428+0761114, since 2012
+# Maitri, -704558+0114356, since 1989
+
+# Italy - year-round base (also see "France & Italy")
+# Zuchelli, Terra Nova Bay, -744140+1640647, since 1986
 
 # Japan - year-round bases
-# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
-# Syowa, -690022+0393524
+# Syowa (also known as Showa), -690022+0393524, since 1957
 #
 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
@@ -239,11 +237,11 @@ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	zzz	1947
 Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	zzz	1957 Jan 29
 			3:00	-	SYOT	# Syowa Time
 # See:
-# 
 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
-# 
+# http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html
 
 # S Korea - year-round base
+# Jang Bogo, Terra Nova Bay, -743700+1641205 since 2014
 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
 
 # New Zealand - claims
@@ -287,11 +285,14 @@ Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	2:00	CEST
 Rule	Troll	2004	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00u	0:00	UTC
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	zzz	2005 Feb 12
-     			0:00	Troll	%s
+			0:00	Troll	%s
 
 # Poland - year-round base
 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
 
+# Romania - year-bound base
+# Law-Racoviță, Larsemann Hills, -692319+0762251, since 1986
+
 # Russia - year-round bases
 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
@@ -301,8 +302,8 @@ Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	zzz	2005 Feb 12
 #	year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
 
 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
-# 
-# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
+# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
+# http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP
 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
 # time as Moscow, Russia.
 #
@@ -317,7 +318,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	zzz	2005 Feb 12
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
-# in person.  He said that some Antartic locations set their local
+# in person.  He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
 # solar noon.  So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
@@ -329,9 +330,12 @@ Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	zzz	1957 Dec 16
 
 # S Africa - year-round bases
 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
-# Sanae, -7141-00250
+# SANAE IV, Vesleskarvet, Queen Maud Land, -714022-0025026, since 1997
 
-# UK
+# Ukraine - year-round base
+# Vernadsky (formerly Faraday), Galindez Island, -651445-0641526, since 1954
+
+# United Kingdom
 #
 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
 # South Orkney Islands
@@ -387,7 +391,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	zzz	1965
 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
-# at that time (1957).  (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
+# at that time (1957).  (Source: Siple's book 90 Degrees South.)
 #
 # From Susan Smith
 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
diff --git a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/asia b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/asia
index 595c8ed7245..906c0a97cda 100644
--- a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/asia
+++ b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/asia
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
-# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
 #
@@ -49,13 +49,17 @@
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
-# .
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
+# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
+#
+# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
+# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
+# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
-# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
+# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #	     std  dst
@@ -70,13 +74,14 @@
 #	7:00 WIB	west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
 #	8:00 WITA	central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
 #	8:00 CST	China
-#	9:00 CJT	Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
+#	8:00 JWST	Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
+#	9:00 JCST	Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
 #	9:00 WIT	east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
 #	9:00 JST  JDT	Japan
 #	9:00 KST  KDT	Korea
-#	9:30 CST	(Australian) Central Standard Time
+#	9:30 ACST	Australian Central Standard Time
 #
-# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
+# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
 
 # From Guy Harris:
 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
@@ -86,7 +91,7 @@
 
 ###############################################################################
 
-# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
+# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	EUAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	EUAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
@@ -138,11 +143,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			3:00	-	YERT	1957 Mar    # Yerevan Time
-			4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			3:00	1:00	YERST	1991 Sep 23 # independence
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	1995 Sep 24 2:00s
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	1995 Sep 24  2:00s
 			4:00	-	AMT	1997
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	2012 Mar 25 2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	2012 Mar 25  2:00s
 			4:00	-	AMT
 
 # Azerbaijan
@@ -155,16 +160,16 @@ Rule	Azer	1997	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 5:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			3:00	-	BAKT	1957 Mar    # Baku Time
-			4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			3:00	1:00	BAKST	1991 Aug 30 # independence
 			3:00 RussiaAsia	AZ%sT	1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
-			4:00	-	AZT	1996 # Azerbaijan time
+			4:00	-	AZT	1996     # Azerbaijan Time
 			4:00	EUAsia	AZ%sT	1997
 			4:00	Azer	AZ%sT
 
 # Bahrain
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al Manamah
+Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920     # Manamah
 			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
 			3:00	-	AST
 
@@ -174,13 +179,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al Manamah
 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
 #
 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
-# 
 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
-# 
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
-# 
 #
 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
 # June
@@ -195,17 +195,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al Manamah
 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
 #
 # Some sources:
-# 
 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
-# 
-# 
 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
-# 
 #
 # Our wrap-up:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
-# 
 
 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
@@ -220,13 +214,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al Manamah
 #
 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
-# 
 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
-# 
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
@@ -235,22 +224,15 @@ Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al Manamah
 # "continue for an indefinite period."
 #
 # One of many places where it is published:
-# 
 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
-# 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
 #
 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
-# 
 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
-# 
-# and
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
-# 
 #
 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
@@ -260,17 +242,12 @@ Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al Manamah
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
-# 
 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
-# 
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
-# 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Jun	19	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Dec	31	23:59	0	-
+Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Dec	31	24:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dhaka	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
@@ -301,7 +278,7 @@ Zone	Indian/Chagos	4:49:40	-	LMT	1907
 
 # Brunei
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar   # Bandar Seri Begawan
+Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
 			7:30	-	BNT	1933
 			8:00	-	BNT
 
@@ -310,16 +287,16 @@ Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar   # Bandar Seri Begawan
 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Rangoon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880		# or Yangon
-			6:24:40	-	RMT	1920	   # Rangoon Mean Time?
-			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May   # Burma Time
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 May 3
-			6:30	-	MMT		   # Myanmar Time
+Zone	Asia/Rangoon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880        # or Yangon
+			6:24:40	-	RMT	1920        # Rangoon Mean Time?
+			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May    # Burma Time
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 May  3
+			6:30	-	MMT	# Myanmar Time
 
 # Cambodia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
-			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
+			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11  0:01 # Saigon MT?
 			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
 			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
 			7:00	-	ICT
@@ -332,12 +309,12 @@ Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # No they don't.  See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52.  Even though
 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
-# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized.  Since that date, China
-# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
+# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized.  Since that date, China
+# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region).  I don't know about DST for it.
 #
 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
-# painful to suck in another copy..  So, here is what I have for
+# painful to suck in another copy.  So, here is what I have for
 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
 #
 #     1986 May 4 - Sept 14
@@ -347,15 +324,16 @@ Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
 # CHINA               8 H  AHEAD OF UTC  ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
 # CHINA               9 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 17 - SEP 10
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
-# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
-# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
-# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
-# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now.  I made up names for the other
-# pre-1980 time zones.
+# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
+# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
+# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
+# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
 
-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+# Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
+# this doesn't seem to be correct.  They also write that China observed summer
+# DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
+# go with them for DST rules as follows:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Shang	1940	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Shang	1940	1941	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
@@ -369,7 +347,7 @@ Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites.  And yes, there are official
 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
 #
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
 # boundaries summarized below]....  A few other exceptions were two
@@ -380,65 +358,97 @@ Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
-# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
-# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
-# talking about China being in one time zone.  (That article was: Jim
-# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
-# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05.  By the way, this
-# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
-# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
 #
-# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
-# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
-# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
-# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
-# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
-# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
-# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
+# (1)
+# Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
+# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
+# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
+# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
+# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
+# officially apparent solar time!  However, Guo also says that the
+# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
+# been taken over by the PRC yet.  It's plausible that apparent solar
+# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
+# to use UT+8.  As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
+# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
+# could well have ignored any such mandate.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
-# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
-# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
-# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
-# Shanks & Pottenger.
-
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
+# (2)
+# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
+# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
+# [undated and unknown publication location]
+# It says several things:
+#   * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
+#   * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
+#     the official calendar book of 1914.
+#   * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
+#     French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
+#     Observatory and set to local mean time.
+#   * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
+#   * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
+#     eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
+#     became used by railways as well.
+#   * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
+#     five time zones (see below for details).  This caught on
+#     at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
+#   * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7.  In practice
+#     this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
+#     Japanese-occupied territory.
+#   * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
+#   * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
+#     place (with some modifications) in March 1948.  It's not clear
+#     how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
+#   * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
+#
+# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
+# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
+# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
+# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai."  Guess that the
+# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8.
+#
+# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
+# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
+# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
+# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
+# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
+# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
+#
+# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5
+# Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
-Zone	Asia/Harbin	8:26:44	-	LMT	1928 # or Haerbin
-			8:30	-	CHAT	1932 Mar # Changbai Time
-			8:00	-	CST	1940
-			9:00	-	CHAT	1966 May
-			8:30	-	CHAT	1980 May
-			8:00	PRC	C%sT
-# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
+#
+# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8
+# Asia/Shanghai
 # most of China
-# Milne gives 8:05:56.7; round to nearest.
-Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:57	-	LMT	1928
-			8:00	Shang	C%sT	1949
-			8:00	PRC	C%sT
-# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
+# This currently represents most other zones as well,
+# as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
+# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
+# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century".
+#
+# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7
+# Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
-Zone	Asia/Chongqing	7:06:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Chungking
-			7:00	-	LONT	1980 May # Long-shu Time
-			8:00	PRC	C%sT
-# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
+#
+# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6
+# Asia/Urumqi
+# This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
+# as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
 # the Guangdong counties  Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
-# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
+# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
-Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Urumchi
-			6:00	-	URUT	1980 May # Urumqi Time
-			8:00	PRC	C%sT
-# Kunlun Time
+#
+# Kunlun Time UT+5.5
+# Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
@@ -455,9 +465,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Urumchi
 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
-# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
+# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
-# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
+# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
 #
 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
@@ -469,21 +479,6 @@ Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Urumchi
 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
-#
-# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
-#
-# The first few lines of the Google translation of
-# 
-# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
-# 
-# (retrieved 2009-10-13)
-# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
-# > 500 million yuan
-# >
-# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
-# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
-# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
-# > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
 
 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
@@ -494,7 +489,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Urumchi
 # 3. Urumqi...
 # 4. Kashgar...
 # ...
-# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
+# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
 #
@@ -506,10 +501,55 @@ Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Urumchi
 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
 
-Zone	Asia/Kashgar	5:03:56	-	LMT	1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
-			5:30	-	KAST	1940	 # Kashgar Time
-			5:00	-	KAST	1980 May
+# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
+# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
+# http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
+
+# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
+# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
+# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
+# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
+# Cochrane.  Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
+# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
+# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
+# and Beijing Time.  There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
+# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
+# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other.  The only
+# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
+# having the same time as Beijing.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but
+# this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
+# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
+# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
+# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
+#
+# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized.  E.g., see
+# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
+#  (2014-04-22).
+# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
+# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
+# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
+# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
+# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
+# quite a trick.  Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
+# XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
+# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
+# guess) as the transition from LMT.  Ignore the usage of UT+8 before
+# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and
+# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
+# UT+8 mandate back then.
+
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
+Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:43	-	LMT	1901
+			8:00	Shang	C%sT	1949
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
+# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
+# / Wulumuqi.  (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
+Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928
+			6:00	-	XJT
 
 
 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
@@ -524,15 +564,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Kashgar	5:03:56	-	LMT	1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
 # obtained from
-# 
 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
-# .
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
 # Here are the dates given at
-# 
 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
-# 
 # as of 2009-10-28:
 # Year        Period
 # 1941        1 Apr to 30 Sep
@@ -612,35 +648,113 @@ Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:42 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
 
 # Taiwan
 
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
-# was still controlled by Japan.  This is hard to believe, but we don't
-# have any other information.
-
 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
-# According to Taiwan's CWB,
-# 
+# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
-# 
 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07):
-# Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page:
-# Decade 	                                                    Name                      Start and end date
-# Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time               May 1 to September 30
-# 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952)                 Daylight Saving Time      March 1 to October 31
-# Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time      April 1 to October 31
-# In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years)            Daylight Saving Time      April 1 to September 30
-# Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959)       Summer Time               April 1 to September 30
-# Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961)       Summer Time               June 1 to September 30
-# Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time
-# Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD)       Daylight Saving Time      April 1 to September 30
-# Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD)       Stop Daylight Saving Time
-# Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979)                        Daylight Saving Time      July 1 to September 30
-# Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980)                  Stop Daylight Saving Time
+# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
+# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
+# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
+# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
+# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
+# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
+# found on Wikisource:
+# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
+# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
+# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
+# declared officially.
+#
+# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
+# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
+# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
+# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
+# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
+# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
+# (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
+# be found on Wikisource:
+# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
+#
+# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
+
+# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
+# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9
+# back to UTC+8 after WW2.  I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945.  In a document
+# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
+# zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21.  And in another
+# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
+# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time".  From these two
+# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21.  And
+# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
+# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
+# that:
+#
+# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
+# the time at 135E (GMT+9)
+#
+# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
+# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
+# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
+# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
+#
+# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
+# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
+# Time.
+#
+# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
+# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
+# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
+# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
+# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
+# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
+
+# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
+# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
+# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan.  It's Taiwan Governor-General
+# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
+# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
+# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
+# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21.  I think this bulletin is much more
+# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
+# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
+# would be a good one.
+# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
+# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
+
+# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
+# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
+# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
+#
+# Original Bulletin:
+# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
+# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
+#
+# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
+# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
+#
+# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
+#
+# Here is a brief translation:
+#
+#   The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
+#   midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
+#   adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
+#
+# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
+# be found from historical government announcement database.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
+# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01
+# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Taiwan	1946	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Taiwan	1946	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Taiwan	1947	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Taiwan	1947	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Taiwan	1948	1951	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Taiwan	1948	1951	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1952	only	-	Mar	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1952	1954	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1953	1959	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
@@ -648,11 +762,14 @@ Rule	Taiwan	1955	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1960	1961	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Taipei	8:06:00 -	LMT	1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
+# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
+Zone	Asia/Taipei	8:06:00 -	LMT	1896 Jan  1
+			8:00	-	JWST	1937 Oct  1
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 21  1:00
 			8:00	Taiwan	C%sT
 
 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
@@ -672,7 +789,7 @@ Rule	Macau	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=15	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Macau	7:34:20 -	LMT	1912
+Zone	Asia/Macau	7:34:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
 			8:00	Macau	MO%sT	1999 Dec 20 # return to China
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 
@@ -721,7 +838,7 @@ Link	Asia/Nicosia	Europe/Nicosia
 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow.  As a result it
 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
 # ahead.  The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
-# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
+# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
 # of integration into Europe.
 
 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
@@ -734,29 +851,31 @@ Link	Asia/Nicosia	Europe/Nicosia
 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
 
+# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
+# Go with Byalokoz.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:16 -	LMT	1880
-			2:59:16	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
+Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:11 -	LMT	1880
+			2:59:11	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
 			3:00	-	TBIT	1957 Mar    # Tbilisi Time
-			4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			3:00	1:00	TBIST	1991 Apr  9 # independence
-			3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT	1992 # Georgia Time
+			3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT	1992        # Georgia Time
 			3:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1994 Sep lastSun
 			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1996 Oct lastSun
 			4:00	1:00	GEST	1997 Mar lastSun
 			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	2004 Jun 27
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	GE%sT	2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	GE%sT	2005 Mar lastSun  2:00
 			4:00	-	GET
 
 # East Timor
 
 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
 
-# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
-# 
+# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
-#  (1999-12-26/31):
+#  (1999-12-26/31):
 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
@@ -766,25 +885,25 @@ Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:16 -	LMT	1880
 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
 
-# 
 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
-# (2000-08-16):
+# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
+# (2000-08-16):
 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour.  The time change,
 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912
+Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
 			8:00	-	TLT	1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
 			9:00	-	TLT	1976 May  3
-			8:00	-	WITA	2000 Sep 17 00:00
+			8:00	-	WITA	2000 Sep 17  0:00
 			9:00	-	TLT
 
 # India
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880	# Kolkata
+Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880        # Kolkata
 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
@@ -798,7 +917,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880	# Kolkata
 # Indonesia
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
-# 
+# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01.  Looking at some
 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
@@ -810,7 +929,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880	# Kolkata
 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
-# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
+# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
 # (Hollandia).  For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
@@ -835,7 +954,7 @@ Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
 # but this must be a typo.
 			7:07:12	-	BMT	1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
-			7:20	-	JAVT	1932 Nov	 # Java Time
+			7:20	-	JAVT	1932 Nov    # Java Time
 			7:30	-	WIB	1942 Mar 23
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
 			7:30	-	WIB	1948 May
@@ -861,7 +980,7 @@ Zone Asia/Makassar	7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
 Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
 			9:00	-	WIT	1944 Sep  1
-			9:30	-	CST	1964
+			9:30	-	ACST	1964
 			9:00	-	WIT
 
 # Iran
@@ -927,7 +1046,7 @@ Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
 #
-# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
+# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
 # daylight saving time ...
 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
@@ -993,7 +1112,7 @@ Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
-			3:25:44	-	TMT	1946	# Tehran Mean Time
+			3:25:44	-	TMT	1946     # Tehran Mean Time
 			3:30	-	IRST	1977 Nov
 			4:00	Iran	IR%sT	1979
 			3:30	Iran	IR%sT
@@ -1018,17 +1137,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
 # news sources (in Arabic):
-# 
 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
-# 
-# 
 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
-# 
 #
 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
-# 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Iraq	1982	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
@@ -1037,14 +1150,14 @@ Rule	Iraq	1983	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1984	1985	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1985	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
 Rule	Iraq	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	D
-# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
+# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
 #
 Rule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Apr	 1	3:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Oct	 1	3:00s	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
-			2:57:36	-	BMT	1918	    # Baghdad Mean Time?
+			2:57:36	-	BMT	1918     # Baghdad Mean Time?
 			3:00	-	AST	1982 May
 			3:00	Iraq	A%sT
 
@@ -1272,7 +1385,7 @@ Rule	Zion	2013	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:54 -	LMT	1880
-			2:20:40	-	JMT	1918	# Jerusalem Mean Time?
+			2:20:40	-	JMT	1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
 			2:00	Zion	I%sT
 
 
@@ -1281,15 +1394,15 @@ Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:54 -	LMT	1880
 
 # Japan
 
-# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
+# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
-# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
-# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
+# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
+# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
 
-# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
-# :
+# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
+# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
 # [1948-05-01]....  But lack of prior debate and the execution of
 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
@@ -1313,7 +1426,8 @@ Rule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 
 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
-# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
+# Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s),
+# 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N.
 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
@@ -1321,10 +1435,10 @@ Rule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 
 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
-# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
+# which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
 # standard time".  And the same ordinance also established "western standard
-# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree....  But "western standard
+# time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E....  But "western standard
 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937).  In the ordinance No.
 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
 # standard....
@@ -1332,27 +1446,33 @@ Rule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
 
-# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
-# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki.  Guess that all
-# ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
+# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
+# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
+# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
+# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
+#
+# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
+# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
+# Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
+# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
-			9:00	-	JST	1896
-			9:00	-	CJT	1938
+			9:00	-	JST	1896 Jan  1
+			9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
 			9:00	Japan	J%sT
 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
 
 # Jordan
 #
-# From 
-# Jordan Week (1999-07-01)  via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
+# From 
+# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
 # all year round.
 #
-# From 
-# Jordan Week (1999-09-30)  via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
+# From 
+# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
 # by one hour.  This is the latest government decision and it's final!
 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
@@ -1372,9 +1492,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
-# 
 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
-# 
 #
 # Google's translation:
 #
@@ -1465,9 +1583,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
 
-# 
-# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
-# 
+# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11
+#  (2005-03-21):
 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
@@ -1500,10 +1617,10 @@ Zone	Asia/Qyzylorda	4:21:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			6:00	-	KIZT	1982 Apr  1
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	KIZ%sT	1991
 			5:00	-	KIZT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
-			5:00	-	QYZT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
+			5:00	-	QYZT	1992 Jan 19  2:00
 			6:00 RussiaAsia	QYZ%sT	2005 Mar 15
 			6:00	-	QYZT
-# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
+# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk)
 Zone	Asia/Aqtobe	3:48:40	-	LMT	1924 May  2
 			4:00	-	AKTT	1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
 			5:00	-	AKTT	1981 Apr  1
@@ -1523,7 +1640,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Aqtau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2
 			6:00	-	SHET	1982 Apr  1
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	SHE%sT	1991
 			5:00	-	SHET	1991 Dec 16 # independence
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	1995 Mar lastSun  2:00 # Aqtau Time
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	2005 Mar 15
 			5:00	-	AQTT
 # West Kazakhstan
@@ -1532,7 +1649,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Oral	3:25:24	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ural'sk
 			5:00	-	URAT	1981 Apr  1
 			5:00	1:00	URAST	1981 Oct  1
 			6:00	-	URAT	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	URA%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	URA%sT	1989 Mar 26  2:00
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	URA%sT	1991
 			4:00	-	URAT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	ORA%sT	2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
@@ -1543,7 +1660,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Oral	3:25:24	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ural'sk
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
-# 
+# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system.  I take the article
 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
@@ -1558,17 +1675,17 @@ Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2004	-	Oct	lastSun	2:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00	-	FRUT	1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
-			6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	FRUST	1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
-			5:00	Kyrgyz	KG%sT	2005 Aug 12    # Kyrgyzstan Time
+			6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			5:00	1:00	FRUST	1991 Aug 31  2:00 # independence
+			5:00	Kyrgyz	KG%sT	2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
 			6:00	-	KGT
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Korea (North and South)
 
-# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
-# :
+# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
+# http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp
 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
 # the system may begin as early as 2008....  Korea ran a daylight
@@ -1581,19 +1698,29 @@ Rule	ROK	1960	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
 Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-01):
+# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger, except that I
+# guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
+# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
+# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Seoul	8:27:52	-	LMT	1890
 			8:30	-	KST	1904 Dec
-			9:00	-	KST	1928
+			9:00	-	JCST	1928
 			8:30	-	KST	1932
+			9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  8
 			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
 			8:00	ROK	K%sT	1961 Aug 10
 			8:30	-	KST	1968 Oct
 			9:00	ROK	K%sT
 Zone	Asia/Pyongyang	8:23:00 -	LMT	1890
 			8:30	-	KST	1904 Dec
-			9:00	-	KST	1928
+			9:00	-	JCST	1928
 			8:30	-	KST	1932
+			9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 24
 			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
 			8:00	-	KST	1961 Aug 10
 			9:00	-	KST
@@ -1602,21 +1729,13 @@ Zone	Asia/Pyongyang	8:23:00 -	LMT	1890
 
 # Kuwait
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
-# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
-# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
-# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
-# .
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
-# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
-# so for now we assume no DST.
 Zone	Asia/Kuwait	3:11:56 -	LMT	1950
 			3:00	-	AST
 
 # Laos
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Vientiane	6:50:24 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9 # or Viangchan
-			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
+Zone	Asia/Vientiane	6:50:24 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9       # or Viangchan
+			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11  0:01 # Saigon MT?
 			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
 			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
 			7:00	-	ICT
@@ -1657,8 +1776,8 @@ Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Sep	14	0:00	0:20	TS # one-Third Summer
 Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Dec	14	0:00	0	-
 #
 # peninsular Malaysia
-# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
-# .
+# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
+# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	6:46:46 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
@@ -1670,12 +1789,12 @@ Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	6:46:46 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 			7:30	-	MALT	1982 Jan  1
 			8:00	-	MYT	# Malaysia Time
 # Sabah & Sarawak
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
-# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
+# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
+# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Kuching	7:21:20	-	LMT	1926 Mar
-			7:30	-	BORT	1933	# Borneo Time
+			7:30	-	BORT	1933        # Borneo Time
 			8:00	NBorneo	BOR%sT	1942 Feb 16
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
 			8:00	-	BORT	1982 Jan  1
@@ -1683,22 +1802,21 @@ Zone Asia/Kuching	7:21:20	-	LMT	1926 Mar
 
 # Maldives
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880	# Male
-			4:54:00	-	MMT	1960	# Male Mean Time
-			5:00	-	MVT		# Maldives Time
+Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880 # Male
+			4:54:00	-	MMT	1960 # Male Mean Time
+			5:00	-	MVT	# Maldives Time
 
 # Mongolia
 
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
-# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
-# both say that it has just one.
+# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
+# (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
 
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
-# 
 # General Information Mongolia
-#  (1999-09)
+#  (1999-09)
 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
-# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
+# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
 # eight hours."
 
@@ -1709,7 +1827,7 @@ Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880	# Male
 # of implementation may have been different....
 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
-# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
+# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
@@ -1723,10 +1841,10 @@ Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880	# Male
 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
 # there are three time zones.
 #
-# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
-# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
-#	Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
-# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
+# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
+# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
+#	Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
+# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
 #
 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
 
@@ -1743,16 +1861,16 @@ Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880	# Male
 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
-# Windows XP as the source.  Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
+# Windows XP as the source.  Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
 # He also found
-# 
+# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
-# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
+# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
@@ -1768,29 +1886,23 @@ Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880	# Male
 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
 # database on this, e.g.:
 #
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
-# 
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
-# 
 #
 # both say GMT+08:00.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
 # schedule here:
-# 
 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
-# 
 # (click the English flag for English)
 #
-# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
+# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
-# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
-# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
+# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
+# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
-# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
+# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
@@ -1806,7 +1918,7 @@ Rule	Mongol	1983	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
 #
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
-# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
+# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
 # the country.  That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
@@ -1822,13 +1934,13 @@ Rule	Mongol	2002	2006	-	Mar	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
 Zone	Asia/Hovd	6:06:36 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-			6:00	-	HOVT	1978	# Hovd Time
+			6:00	-	HOVT	1978     # Hovd Time
 			7:00	Mongol	HOV%sT
 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
 Zone	Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-			7:00	-	ULAT	1978	# Ulaanbaatar Time
+			7:00	-	ULAT	1978     # Ulaanbaatar Time
 			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT
-# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
+# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
 Zone	Asia/Choibalsan	7:38:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
 			7:00	-	ULAT	1978
@@ -1860,7 +1972,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
-# Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
+# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
@@ -1892,43 +2004,30 @@ Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
 #
-# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
-# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
-# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
-# ...."
+# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
+# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
+# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
 #
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
-# 
-# OR
-# 
 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
-# 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
-# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
+# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
 # instead of August 31.
 #
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
-# 
-# OR
-# 
 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
-# 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
 # official working."
-# 
 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
-# 
 #
 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
@@ -1936,15 +2035,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
 # April 08, 2009
 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
-# 
 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
-# 
-#
-# or
-#
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
-# 
 #
 # ....
 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
@@ -1957,34 +2049,20 @@ Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
 # this regard."
-# 
 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
-# 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
-# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
-# 1, 2009.
+# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from
+# October 1, 2009.
 #
 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
-# 
 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
-# 
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
-# 
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
-# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
-# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
-# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
-# > 1, 2009.
 #
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
-# 
 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
-# 
 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
 # Monday."
@@ -1996,11 +2074,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
 #
 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
-# 
 
-# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
+# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
 
@@ -2016,22 +2092,17 @@ Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
 #
 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
-# 
 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
-# 
 #
 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
-# 
 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
-# 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:01	1:00	S
 Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:01	0	-
 Rule Pakistan	2008	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule Pakistan	2008	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
+Rule Pakistan	2008	2009	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
@@ -2105,10 +2176,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
-# Daoud Kuttab writes in
-# 
-# Holiday havoc
-#  (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
+# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
+# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html
+# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
@@ -2121,7 +2191,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
 # the Ramadan.  Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
-# earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
+# earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
@@ -2140,7 +2210,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
 # because of the Ramadan.
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
 
@@ -2157,16 +2227,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
 #
-# 
 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
-# 
-# 
 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
-# 
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
-# 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
@@ -2174,24 +2237,17 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
 #
 # (in Arabic)
-# 
 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
-# 
 #
-# or
 # (English translation)
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
 #
 # One news source:
-# 
 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
-# 
 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
@@ -2200,9 +2256,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 #
 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
-# 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
@@ -2212,51 +2266,35 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 #
 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
-# 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
 #
-# 
 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
-# 
 # (in Arabic)
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
 # noon though:
 #
-# 
 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
-# 
 # (Ma'an News Agency)
 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
 # According to several sources, including
-# 
 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
-# 
 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
 # Gaza and the West Bank.
 # Some more background info:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
@@ -2264,13 +2302,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
 # Ramadan.
 #
-# 
 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
-# 
 # Additional info:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
-# 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
@@ -2280,14 +2314,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
 # ...
-# 
 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
-# 
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
-# 
-# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
+# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
@@ -2295,26 +2324,18 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
 #
 # Many sources, including:
-# 
 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
 # Some of many sources in Arabic:
-# 
 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
-# 
 #
-# 
 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
-# 
 #
 # Our brief summary:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
@@ -2374,10 +2395,10 @@ Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
 			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
-			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2008 Aug 29 0:00
+			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2008 Aug 29  0:00
 			2:00	-	EET	2008 Sep
 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2010
-			2:00	-	EET	2010 Mar 27 0:01
+			2:00	-	EET	2010 Mar 27  0:01
 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2011 Aug  1
 			2:00	-	EET	2012
 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
@@ -2393,25 +2414,27 @@ Zone	Asia/Hebron	2:20:23	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 # no information
 
 # Philippines
-# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
+# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
-# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01.  Robert H. van Gent has a
-# transcript of the decree in .
-# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
+# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
+# History of the International Date Line
+# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
+# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
-# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
-# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
-# rainy season begins.  See
-# .
-# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
-#
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
 # but no details]
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
+# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
+# March-June, but this is not definite.  It also says DST was last proclaimed
+# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
+# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
+# Philippine Star 2014-08-05
+# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Phil	1937	only	-	Feb	1	0:00	0	-
@@ -2428,18 +2451,39 @@ Zone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 
 # Qatar
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920	# Al Dawhah / Doha
+Zone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920     # Al Dawhah / Doha
 			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
 			3:00	-	AST
 
 # Saudi Arabia
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
+# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
+# standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
+# has never been made official.  Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
+# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
+# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
+# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
+# o'clock for "Arab" time).
+#
+# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
+# we can do.  The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
+# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
+# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
+# Jidda, on March 14, 1947".  Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
+# earlier date.
+#
+# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
+# time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of
+# the country.  Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1950
+Zone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1947 Mar 14
 			3:00	-	AST
 
 # Singapore
-# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
-# .
+# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
+# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
@@ -2465,26 +2509,24 @@ Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
-# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
+# (, 1996-05-24,
 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
-# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
-# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
+# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
+# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
 #
 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
-# by Shamindra in
-# 
-# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
-# :
+# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
+#  (1996-10-26):
 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
 #  (2006-04-13):
 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
 
 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
-# 
+# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
@@ -2498,7 +2540,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
 #
-# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
+# I recollect before the recent change the government announcements
 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
 #
@@ -2508,7 +2550,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 # item....
 #
 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
-# adminsitrators.  In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
+# administrators.  In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
@@ -2523,13 +2565,13 @@ Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Colombo	5:19:24 -	LMT	1880
-			5:19:32	-	MMT	1906	# Moratuwa Mean Time
+			5:19:32	-	MMT	1906        # Moratuwa Mean Time
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Jan  5
 			5:30	0:30	IHST	1942 Sep
-			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 16 2:00
-			5:30	-	IST	1996 May 25 0:00
-			6:30	-	LKT	1996 Oct 26 0:30
-			6:00	-	LKT	2006 Apr 15 0:30
+			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 16  2:00
+			5:30	-	IST	1996 May 25  0:00
+			6:30	-	LKT	1996 Oct 26  0:30
+			6:00	-	LKT	2006 Apr 15  0:30
 			5:30	-	IST
 
 # Syria
@@ -2580,7 +2622,7 @@ Rule	Syria	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
 Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
-# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
@@ -2589,7 +2631,7 @@ Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
-# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
+# Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
 #
 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
@@ -2605,8 +2647,7 @@ Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Nov	 Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
 
 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
-# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
-# are now using:
+# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so....
 # Country     Time Standard   --- DST Start ---   --- DST End ---  DST
 # Name        Zone Variation   Time    Date        Time    Date
 # Variation
@@ -2618,16 +2659,15 @@ Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Nov	 Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
 # Agency (SANA)...
-# 
 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
-# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
+# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
-# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
+# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
 # compilers can't handle  or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
@@ -2640,37 +2680,27 @@ Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Nov	 Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
 # clocks back 60 minutes).
 #
-# 
 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
 # two examples:
 #
-# 
 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
-# 
 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
-# 
 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
-# 
 # (Arabic, gov-site)
 #
 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
 #
 # Our summary
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
-# 
 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
-# 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
@@ -2681,23 +2711,17 @@ Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Nov	 Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
-# 
 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
 #
 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
-# 
 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
-# 
 #
 # Our brief summary:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
-# 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
@@ -2710,7 +2734,7 @@ Rule	Syria	2012	max	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	2009	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920	# Dimashq
+Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920 # Dimashq
 			2:00	Syria	EE%sT
 
 # Tajikistan
@@ -2718,9 +2742,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920	# Dimashq
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00	-	DUST	1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
-			6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	DUSST	1991 Sep  9 2:00s
-			5:00	-	TJT		    # Tajikistan Time
+			6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			5:00	1:00	DUSST	1991 Sep  9  2:00s
+			5:00	-	TJT	# Tajikistan Time
 
 # Thailand
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -2733,9 +2757,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Bangkok	6:42:04	-	LMT	1880
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Ashgabat	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
 			4:00	-	ASHT	1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Oct 27 # independence
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	TM%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	TM%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00
 			5:00	-	TMT
 
 # United Arab Emirates
@@ -2744,8 +2768,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Dubai	3:41:12 -	LMT	1920
 			4:00	-	GST
 
 # Uzbekistan
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
+Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:53 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			4:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
 			5:00	-	SAMT	1981 Apr  1
 			5:00	1:00	SAMST	1981 Oct  1
@@ -2753,9 +2778,10 @@ Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	SAM%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
 			5:00	-	UZT
-Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
+# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
+Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:11 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00	-	TAST	1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
-			6:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00
+			6:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
 			5:00	-	UZT
@@ -2769,13 +2795,13 @@ Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # and Pottenger.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
-# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
-# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
+# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
+# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
 
 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	7:06:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
-			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
+			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11  0:01 # Saigon MT?
 			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
 			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
 			7:00	-	ICT
diff --git a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/australasia b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/australasia
index 94c9adb912c..52d32904178 100644
--- a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/australasia
+++ b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/australasia
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
@@ -36,13 +35,13 @@
 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Jan	 1	0:01	1:00	-
-Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Aus	1943	1944	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Aus	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Jan	 1	0:01	1:00	D
+Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Aus	1943	1944	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Aus	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00	1:00	D
 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944.  Ignore Whitman's claim that
 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
@@ -50,26 +49,26 @@ Rule	Aus	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Northern Territory
 Zone Australia/Darwin	 8:43:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			 9:00	-	CST	1899 May
-			 9:30	Aus	CST
+			 9:00	-	ACST	1899 May
+			 9:30	Aus	AC%sT
 # Western Australia
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	AW	1974	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AW	1975	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AW	1983	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AW	1984	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AW	1991	only	-	Nov	17	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AW	1992	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AW	2006	only	-	Dec	 3	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AW	2007	2009	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AW	2007	2008	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AW	1974	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AW	1975	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AW	1983	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AW	1984	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AW	1991	only	-	Nov	17	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AW	1992	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AW	2006	only	-	Dec	 3	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AW	2007	2009	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AW	2007	2008	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Zone Australia/Perth	 7:43:24 -	LMT	1895 Dec
-			 8:00	Aus	WST	1943 Jul
-			 8:00	AW	WST
+			 8:00	Aus	AW%sT	1943 Jul
+			 8:00	AW	AW%sT
 Zone Australia/Eucla	 8:35:28 -	LMT	1895 Dec
-			 8:45	Aus	CWST	1943 Jul
-			 8:45	AW	CWST
+			 8:45	Aus	ACW%sT	1943 Jul
+			 8:45	AW	ACW%sT
 
 # Queensland
 #
@@ -85,150 +84,150 @@ Zone Australia/Eucla	 8:35:28 -	LMT	1895 Dec
 # so use Lindeman.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AQ	1989	1991	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AQ	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Holiday	1992	1993	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	Holiday	1993	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AQ	1989	1991	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AQ	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	Holiday	1992	1993	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	Holiday	1993	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Zone Australia/Brisbane	10:12:08 -	LMT	1895
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1971
-			10:00	AQ	EST
+			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971
+			10:00	AQ	AE%sT
 Zone Australia/Lindeman  9:55:56 -	LMT	1895
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1971
-			10:00	AQ	EST	1992 Jul
-			10:00	Holiday	EST
+			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971
+			10:00	AQ	AE%sT	1992 Jul
+			10:00	Holiday	AE%sT
 
 # South Australia
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	AS	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AS	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AS	1987	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AS	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	1991	only	-	Mar	3	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	1992	only	-	Mar	22	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	1993	only	-	Mar	7	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	1994	only	-	Mar	20	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	2006	only	-	Apr	2	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AS	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AS	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AS	1987	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AS	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	1991	only	-	Mar	3	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	1992	only	-	Mar	22	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	1993	only	-	Mar	7	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	1994	only	-	Mar	20	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	2006	only	-	Apr	2	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Adelaide	9:14:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			9:00	-	CST	1899 May
-			9:30	Aus	CST	1971
-			9:30	AS	CST
+			9:00	-	ACST	1899 May
+			9:30	Aus	AC%sT	1971
+			9:30	AS	AC%sT
 
 # Tasmania
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
-# 
+# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	AT	1967	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AT	1968	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	1968	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AT	1969	1971	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	1982	1983	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	1984	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	1986	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AT	1987	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	1987	only	-	Oct	Sun>=22	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AT	1988	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AT	1991	1999	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AT	1991	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AT	2001	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AT	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	AT	1967	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AT	1968	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AT	1968	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AT	1969	1971	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AT	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AT	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AT	1982	1983	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AT	1984	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AT	1986	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AT	1987	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AT	1987	only	-	Oct	Sun>=22	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AT	1988	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AT	1991	1999	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AT	1991	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AT	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AT	2001	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AT	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AT	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AT	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Hobart	9:49:16	-	LMT	1895 Sep
-			10:00	-	EST	1916 Oct 1 2:00
-			10:00	1:00	EST	1917 Feb
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1967
-			10:00	AT	EST
+			10:00	-	AEST	1916 Oct  1  2:00
+			10:00	1:00	AEDT	1917 Feb
+			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1967
+			10:00	AT	AE%sT
 Zone Australia/Currie	9:35:28	-	LMT	1895 Sep
-			10:00	-	EST	1916 Oct 1 2:00
-			10:00	1:00	EST	1917 Feb
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1971 Jul
-			10:00	AT	EST
+			10:00	-	AEST	1916 Oct  1  2:00
+			10:00	1:00	AEDT	1917 Feb
+			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971 Jul
+			10:00	AT	AE%sT
 
 # Victoria
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	AV	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AV	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	1986	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AV	1988	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AV	1991	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AV	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AV	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AV	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AV	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AV	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AV	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AV	1986	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AV	1988	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AV	1991	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AV	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AV	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AV	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AV	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AV	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AV	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AV	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1971
-			10:00	AV	EST
+			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971
+			10:00	AV	AE%sT
 
 # New South Wales
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	AN	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AN	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	1982	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	1983	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AN	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AN	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	1996	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AN	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AN	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AN	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AN	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AN	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AN	1982	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AN	1983	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AN	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AN	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AN	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AN	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AN	1996	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AN	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AN	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AN	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AN	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AN	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AN	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Sydney	10:04:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1971
-			10:00	AN	EST
+			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971
+			10:00	AN	AE%sT
 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			10:00	-	EST	1896 Aug 23
-			9:00	-	CST	1899 May
-			9:30	Aus	CST	1971
-			9:30	AN	CST	2000
-			9:30	AS	CST
+			10:00	-	AEST	1896 Aug 23
+			9:00	-	ACST	1899 May
+			9:30	Aus	AC%sT	1971
+			9:30	AN	AC%sT	2000
+			9:30	AS	AC%sT
 
 # Lord Howe Island
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	LH	1981	1984	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	LH	1982	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	1985	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-
-Rule	LH	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00	0:30	-
-Rule	LH	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-
-Rule	LH	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	1996	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-
-Rule	LH	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-
-Rule	LH	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0:30	-
+Rule	LH	1981	1984	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	LH	1982	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
+Rule	LH	1985	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	D
+Rule	LH	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	S
+Rule	LH	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00	0:30	D
+Rule	LH	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	D
+Rule	LH	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
+Rule	LH	1996	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	S
+Rule	LH	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00	0:30	D
+Rule	LH	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	D
+Rule	LH	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
+Rule	LH	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	S
+Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
+Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0:30	D
 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			10:00	-	EST	1981 Mar
-			10:30	LH	LHST
+			10:00	-	AEST	1981 Mar
+			10:30	LH	LH%sT
 
 # Australian miscellany
 #
@@ -244,8 +243,8 @@ Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919.  See the
 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
-# 
-# .
+# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828
+# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831
 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
@@ -256,16 +255,16 @@ Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 #
 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
-# will produce a binary file with an EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
+# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
 # pre-2013 versions of localtime.
 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0	-	zzz	1899 Nov
-			10:00	-	EST	1916 Oct 1 2:00
-			10:00	1:00	EST	1917 Feb
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1919 Apr 1 0:00s
+			10:00	-	AEST	1916 Oct  1  2:00
+			10:00	1:00	AEDT	1917 Feb
+			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1919 Apr  1  0:00s
 			0	-	zzz	1948 Mar 25
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1967
-			10:00	AT	EST	2010 Apr 4 3:00
+			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1967
+			10:00	AT	AE%sT	2010 Apr  4  3:00
 			11:00	-	MIST	# Macquarie I Standard Time
 
 # Christmas
@@ -273,24 +272,14 @@ Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0	-	zzz	1899 Nov
 Zone Indian/Christmas	7:02:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			7:00	-	CXT	# Christmas Island Time
 
-# Cook Is
-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Cook	1978	only	-	Nov	12	0:00	0:30	HS
-Rule	Cook	1979	1991	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Cook	1979	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	HS
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Rarotonga	-10:39:04 -	LMT	1901		# Avarua
-			-10:30	-	CKT	1978 Nov 12	# Cook Is Time
-			-10:00	Cook	CK%sT
-
-# Cocos
+# Cocos (Keeling) Is
 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:27:40	-	LMT	1900
 			6:30	-	CCT	# Cocos Islands Time
 
+
 # Fiji
 
 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
@@ -300,20 +289,13 @@ Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:27:40	-	LMT	1900
 # from November 29th 2009  to April 25th 2010.
 #
 # "Daylight savings to commence this month"
-# 
 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
-# 
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
 # amendments:
-# 
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
@@ -322,35 +304,24 @@ Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:27:40	-	LMT	1900
 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
 #
 # Official source:
-# 
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
-# 
 #
 # A bit more background info here:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
-# 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
-# 
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
-# 
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
 #
-# 
-# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
-# 
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
 # which says
 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
@@ -360,9 +331,7 @@ Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:27:40	-	LMT	1900
 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
 #
-# 
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
-# 
 # states:
 #
 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
@@ -400,16 +369,16 @@ Rule	Fiji	2011	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2012	2013	-	Jan	Sun>=18	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2014	max	-	Jan	Sun>=18	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Fiji	11:55:44 -	LMT	1915 Oct 26	# Suva
+Zone	Pacific/Fiji	11:55:44 -	LMT	1915 Oct 26 # Suva
 			12:00	Fiji	FJ%sT	# Fiji Time
 
 # French Polynesia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Gambier	 -8:59:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Rikitea
+Zone	Pacific/Gambier	 -8:59:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Rikitea
 			 -9:00	-	GAMT	# Gambier Time
 Zone	Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 -	LMT	1912 Oct
 			 -9:30	-	MART	# Marquesas Time
-Zone	Pacific/Tahiti	 -9:58:16 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Papeete
+Zone	Pacific/Tahiti	 -9:58:16 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Papeete
 			-10:00	-	TAHT	# Tahiti Time
 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
 # it is uninhabited.
@@ -417,14 +386,14 @@ Zone	Pacific/Tahiti	 -9:58:16 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Papeete
 # Guam
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Guam	-14:21:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
-			 9:39:00 -	LMT	1901		# Agana
-			10:00	-	GST	2000 Dec 23	# Guam
+			 9:39:00 -	LMT	1901        # Agana
+			10:00	-	GST	2000 Dec 23 # Guam
 			10:00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time
 
 # Kiribati
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Tarawa	 11:32:04 -	LMT	1901		# Bairiki
-			 12:00	-	GILT		 # Gilbert Is Time
+Zone Pacific/Tarawa	 11:32:04 -	LMT	1901 # Bairiki
+			 12:00	-	GILT	# Gilbert Is Time
 Zone Pacific/Enderbury	-11:24:20 -	LMT	1901
 			-12:00	-	PHOT	1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
 			-11:00	-	PHOT	1995
@@ -438,7 +407,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Kiritimati	-10:29:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Saipan	-14:17:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 			 9:43:00 -	LMT	1901
-			 9:00	-	MPT	1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
+			 9:00	-	MPT	1969 Oct    # N Mariana Is Time
 			10:00	-	MPT	2000 Dec 23
 			10:00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time
 
@@ -449,24 +418,24 @@ Zone Pacific/Majuro	11:24:48 -	LMT	1901
 			12:00	-	MHT
 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein	11:09:20 -	LMT	1901
 			11:00	-	MHT	1969 Oct
-			-12:00	-	KWAT	1993 Aug 20	# Kwajalein Time
+			-12:00	-	KWAT	1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
 			12:00	-	MHT
 
 # Micronesia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Chuuk	10:07:08 -	LMT	1901
-			10:00	-	CHUT			# Chuuk Time
-Zone Pacific/Pohnpei	10:32:52 -	LMT	1901		# Kolonia
-			11:00	-	PONT			# Pohnpei Time
+			10:00	-	CHUT	# Chuuk Time
+Zone Pacific/Pohnpei	10:32:52 -	LMT	1901 # Kolonia
+			11:00	-	PONT	# Pohnpei Time
 Zone Pacific/Kosrae	10:51:56 -	LMT	1901
-			11:00	-	KOST	1969 Oct	# Kosrae Time
+			11:00	-	KOST	1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
 			12:00	-	KOST	1999
 			11:00	-	KOST
 
 # Nauru
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Nauru	11:07:40 -	LMT	1921 Jan 15	# Uaobe
-			11:30	-	NRT	1942 Mar 15	# Nauru Time
+Zone	Pacific/Nauru	11:07:40 -	LMT	1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
+			11:30	-	NRT	1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1944 Aug 15
 			11:30	-	NRT	1979 May
 			12:00	-	NRT
@@ -479,7 +448,7 @@ Rule	NC	1996	only	-	Dec	 1	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
 Rule	NC	1997	only	-	Mar	 2	2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Noumea	11:05:48 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13
+Zone	Pacific/Noumea	11:05:48 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
 			11:00	NC	NC%sT
 
 
@@ -496,7 +465,8 @@ Rule	NZ	1934	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	0	M
 Rule	NZ	1934	1940	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0:30	S
 Rule	NZ	1946	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	S
 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
-# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
+# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition
+# so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
 Rule	NZ	1974	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Chatham	1974	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:45s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZ	1975	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
@@ -519,13 +489,14 @@ Rule	Chatham	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:45s	0	S
 Zone Pacific/Auckland	11:39:04 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2
 			11:30	NZ	NZ%sT	1946 Jan  1
 			12:00	NZ	NZ%sT
-Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:13:48 -	LMT	1957 Jan  1
+Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:13:48 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2
+			12:15	-	CHAST	1946 Jan  1
 			12:45	Chatham	CHA%sT
 
 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
 
 # Auckland Is
-# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
+# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
 # and scientific personnel have wintered
 
 # Campbell I
@@ -534,48 +505,58 @@ Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
 
+# Cook Is
+# From Shanks & Pottenger:
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Cook	1978	only	-	Nov	12	0:00	0:30	HS
+Rule	Cook	1979	1991	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Cook	1979	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	HS
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Rarotonga	-10:39:04 -	LMT	1901        # Avarua
+			-10:30	-	CKT	1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
+			-10:00	Cook	CK%sT
+
 ###############################################################################
 
 
 # Niue
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Niue	-11:19:40 -	LMT	1901		# Alofi
-			-11:20	-	NUT	1951	# Niue Time
-			-11:30	-	NUT	1978 Oct 1
+Zone	Pacific/Niue	-11:19:40 -	LMT	1901        # Alofi
+			-11:20	-	NUT	1951        # Niue Time
+			-11:30	-	NUT	1978 Oct  1
 			-11:00	-	NUT
 
 # Norfolk
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Norfolk	11:11:52 -	LMT	1901		# Kingston
-			11:12	-	NMT	1951	# Norfolk Mean Time
-			11:30	-	NFT		# Norfolk Time
+Zone	Pacific/Norfolk	11:11:52 -	LMT	1901 # Kingston
+			11:12	-	NMT	1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
+			11:30	-	NFT	# Norfolk Time
 
 # Palau (Belau)
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Palau	8:57:56 -	LMT	1901		# Koror
+Zone Pacific/Palau	8:57:56 -	LMT	1901 # Koror
 			9:00	-	PWT	# Palau Time
 
 # Papua New Guinea
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880
-			9:48:32	-	PMMT	1895	# Port Moresby Mean Time
-			10:00	-	PGT		# Papua New Guinea Time
+			9:48:32	-	PMMT	1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
+			10:00	-	PGT	# Papua New Guinea Time
 
 # Pitcairn
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Pitcairn	-8:40:20 -	LMT	1901		# Adamstown
-			-8:30	-	PNT	1998 Apr 27 00:00
+Zone Pacific/Pitcairn	-8:40:20 -	LMT	1901        # Adamstown
+			-8:30	-	PNT	1998 Apr 27  0:00
 			-8:00	-	PST	# Pitcairn Standard Time
 
 # American Samoa
 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago	 12:37:12 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
 			-11:22:48 -	LMT	1911
-			-11:30	-	SAMT	1950		# Samoa Time
-			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr	# N=Nome
-			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30	# B=Bering
-			-11:00	-	SST			# S=Samoa
+			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr    # N=Nome
+			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
+			-11:00	-	SST	            # S=Samoa
 
-# Samoa
+# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
@@ -586,141 +567,80 @@ Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago	 12:37:12 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
 # Sunday of April 2011."
 #
 # Background info:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
-# 
 #
 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
 # contain any dates:
-# 
 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
-# 
 
 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
 # Please see
-# 
 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws
-# ,
 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
 
 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
-# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website
-# 
-# www.mcil.gov.ws
-# 
+# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf]
 #
-# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME
-#
-# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision,
-# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight
-# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11).
-#
-# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes
-# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011,
-# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be
-# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
-#
-# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE,
-# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011
+# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am
+# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to
+# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock
+# (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
 
-# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09):
+# From David Zülke (2011-05-09):
 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
 #
-# 
 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
-# 
 
-# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17):
-# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law
-# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she
-# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather
-# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But
-# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa
-# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13:
-#
-# International Date Line Bill 2011
-#
-# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make
-# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date
-# Line, and for related purposes.
-#
-# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament
-# assembled as follows:
-#
-# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the
-# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act
-# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3)
-# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State.
-#
-# [snip]
-#
-# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any
-# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the
-# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time.
-#
-# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa
-# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated
-# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's
-# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and
-# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to
-# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this
-# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that
-# it defines Samoa standard time....
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
+# The International Date Line Act 2011
+# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
+# changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
+# Thursday 29th December 2011".  The International Date Line was adjusted
+# accordingly.
 
 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
-# 
 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
-# 
 #
 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
 #
 # DST
-# Year	End	Time	Start	Time
-# 2011	- - -	- - -	24 September	3:00am to 4:00am
-# 2012	01 April	4:00am to 3:00am	- - -	- - -
+# Year  End      Time              Start        Time
+# 2011  - - -    - - -             24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
+# 2012  01 April 4:00am to 3:00am  - - -        - - -
 #
 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
 # Thursday 29th December 2011	23:59:59 Hours
 # Saturday 31st December 2011	00:00:00 Hours
 #
-# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03):
-# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012
-# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on
-# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below.
-#
-# From Nicky (2012-09-10):
+# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
-# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.
-#
-# Please find link below for more information.
+# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
 #
-# That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well
-# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the
-# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
+# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
+# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
 
-# Western Samoa
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	WS	2010	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1	D
+Rule	WS	2011	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	4:00	0	S
+Rule	WS	2011	only	-	Sep	lastSat	3:00	1	D
+Rule	WS	2012	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	4:00	0	S
 Rule	WS	2012	max	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	1	D
-Rule	WS	2012	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	4:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Apia	 12:33:04 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
 			-11:26:56 -	LMT	1911
-			-11:30	-	SAMT	1950		# Samoa Time
-			-11:00	-	WST	2010 Sep 26
-			-11:00	1:00	WSDT	2011 Apr 2 4:00
-			-11:00	-	WST	2011 Sep 24 3:00
-			-11:00	1:00	WSDT	2011 Dec 30
-			 13:00	1:00	WSDT	2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00
+			-11:30	-	WSST	1950
+			-11:00	WS	S%sT	2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa
 			 13:00	WS	WS%sT
 
 # Solomon Is
 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Honiara
+Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Honiara
 			11:00	-	SBT	# Solomon Is Time
 
 # Tokelau Is
@@ -744,7 +664,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Honiara
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Fakaofo	-11:24:56 -	LMT	1901
-			-11:00	-	TKT 2011 Dec 30	# Tokelau Time
+			-11:00	-	TKT	2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
 			13:00	-	TKT
 
 # Tonga
@@ -804,8 +724,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901
 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
-# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976
-# .
+# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976.
+# http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf
 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
 # Minus One Hour".
@@ -820,7 +740,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901
 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
-# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
+# reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly
 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast.  As it uses some time zone
 # designations that I've never seen before:....
@@ -830,9 +750,9 @@ Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901
 Zone Pacific/Midway	-11:49:28 -	LMT	1901
 			-11:00	-	NST	1956 Jun  3
 			-11:00	1:00	NDT	1956 Sep  2
-			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr	# N=Nome
-			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30	# B=Bering
-			-11:00	-	SST			# S=Samoa
+			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr    # N=Nome
+			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
+			-11:00	-	SST	            # S=Samoa
 
 # Palmyra
 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
@@ -852,7 +772,7 @@ Rule	Vanuatu	1985	1991	-	Sep	Sun>=23	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Vanuatu	1992	1993	-	Jan	Sun>=23	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Vanuatu	1992	only	-	Oct	Sun>=23	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13		# Vila
+Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Vila
 			11:00	Vanuatu	VU%sT	# Vanuatu Time
 
 # Wallis and Futuna
@@ -864,9 +784,10 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # NOTES
 
-# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
@@ -887,165 +808,188 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
-# .
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
+# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
-# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
+# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
 # Corrections are welcome!
-#		std dst
-#		LMT	Local Mean Time
-#	  8:00	WST WST	Western Australia
-#	  8:45	CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
-#	  9:00	JST	Japan
-#	  9:30	CST CST	Central Australia
-#	 10:00	EST EST	Eastern Australia
-#	 10:00	ChST	Chamorro
-#	 10:30	LHST LHST Lord Howe*
-#	 11:30	NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
-#	 12:00	NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
-#	 12:45	CHAST CHADT Chatham*
-#	-11:00	SST	Samoa
-#	-10:00	HST	Hawaii
-#	- 8:00	PST	Pitcairn*
+#		std	dst
+#		LMT		Local Mean Time
+#	  8:00	AWST	AWDT	Western Australia
+#	  8:45	ACWST	ACWDT	Central Western Australia*
+#	  9:00	JST		Japan
+#	  9:30	ACST	ACDT	Central Australia
+#	 10:00	AEST	AEDT	Eastern Australia
+#	 10:00	ChST		Chamorro
+#	 10:30	LHST	LHDT	Lord Howe*
+#	 11:30	NZMT	NZST	New Zealand through 1945
+#	 12:00	NZST	NZDT	New Zealand 1946-present
+#	 12:15	CHAST		Chatham through 1945*
+#	 12:45	CHAST	CHADT	Chatham 1946-present*
+#	 13:00	WSST	WSDT	(western) Samoa 2011-present*
+#	-11:30	WSST		Western Samoa through 1950*
+#	-11:00	SST		Samoa
+#	-10:00	HST		Hawaii
+#	- 8:00	PST		Pitcairn*
 #
-# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
-# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
+# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
+# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Australia
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
+# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
+# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
+# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
+# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
+# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
+# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
+# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
+# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
+# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
+# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
+
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
-# 
 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
-#  summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
+# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
+# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
-# 
 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
-#  covers New South Wales in particular.
+# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving
+# covers New South Wales in particular.
 
 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
-# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
-# It is called `summer' time.  Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
-# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
+# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time.
+# It is called 'summer' time.  Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer'
+# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
 # abbreviation does _not_ change...
 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
-# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
+# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight
 # time'.
 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
-# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
-# or `Eastern Summer Time'.  (Note, though, that as I say in the
+# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time'
+# or 'Eastern Summer Time'.  (Note, though, that as I say in the
 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.)  Announcers
 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
-# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
+# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times;
 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
-# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
-#	CST	for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
-#	WST	for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
-#	EST	for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
-
-# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
-# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
-# 
-# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
-# 
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
-# versus "AEST" etc.:
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
 #
-# I see the following points of dispute:
+# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this
+# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer
+# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST".
+# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common
+# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints
+# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage.
+# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important;
+# what matters is the abbreviation.  It's difficult to survey the web
+# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for
+# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an
+# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the
+# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries:
 #
-# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
+#   10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits]
+#   10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au
+#   10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au
+#   13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au
+#   18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au
+#   28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au
+#   39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits]
+#   53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits]
+#   54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au
+#  182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au
 #
-#   Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
-#   Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
-#   operation of software.  We have other instances of ambiguity
-#   (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
-#   Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
-#   In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
-#   abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
-#   think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
+#   17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits]
+#   46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au
 #
-#   On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
-#   abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion.  This is
-#   particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
-#   time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
+# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but
+# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits.  I also looked for pages
+# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since
+# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found:
 #
-# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
+#  156 "western standard time" AWST site:au
+#  226 "western standard time" WST site:au
 #
-#   Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
-#   many other countries.  We Americans are currently disagreeing about
-#   which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
-#   Time, for example.
+# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as
+# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au"
+# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results.
+# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT".  The papers
+# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail,
+# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser,
+# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle).
 #
-#   Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
-#   refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
-#   tiebreaker.
+# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations
+# like "AEDT" are new.  A Trove search 
+# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style
+# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't
+# fully indexed.  The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations
+# like "AEDT".  The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather
+# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column
+# (1993-01-24, p 16).  The style was the typical usage but was not
+# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..."
+# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and
+# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel
+# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two
+# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political
+# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party."
 #
-# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
-#   Summer Time"?  Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
-#   the word "Australian"?
+# I also surveyed federal government sources.  They did not agree:
 #
-#   My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
-#   common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
-#   popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
-#   often than not.  I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
-#   following count of page hits:
+#   The Australian Government (2014-03-26)
+#   http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time
+#   (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.)
+#   AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
 #
-#     1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
-#       971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
-#       613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
-#       127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
+#   Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08)
+#   http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml
+#   EST CST WST EDT CDT
 #
-#   Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
-#   particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
-#   say.  The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
-#   Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
+#   Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated)
+#   http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml
+#   EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST)
 #
-#   For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
-#   ambiguity.  Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
-#   many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones.  But here
-#   are the hit counts anyway:
+#   Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24)
+#   http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp
+#   AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
 #
-#     161,304 "EST" and domain:au
-#      25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
-#      18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
-#      10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
+#   Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10)
+#   http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf
+#   EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used
 #
-#      14,538 "CST" and domain:au
-#       5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
-#         176 "ACST" and domain:au
-#          29 "ACDT" and domain:au
+#   The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports,
+#   and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like.
+#   Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits:
+#   311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT".
+#   "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to
+#   appear in reports of events with international implications.
 #
-#       7,539 "WST" and domain:au
-#          68 "AWST" and domain:au
-#
-#   This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
-#   practice.  The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
-#   the ambiguities involved.
-#
-# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
-#
-#   If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
-#   against.  One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
-#   saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
-#   understood in Australia.
+# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in
+# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although
+# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in
+# the minority.  The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it
+# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all
+# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments,
+# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A".  The current
+# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and
+# "AEDT" for Australian time zones.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
-# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
+# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time.
 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
 
 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
@@ -1055,17 +999,14 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # relevant entries in this database.
 #
 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
-# 
 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
-# 
+# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html
 # ACT
-# 
 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
-# 
+# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html
 # SA
-# 
 # Standard Time Act, 1898
-# 
+# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html
 
 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
@@ -1083,7 +1024,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
 # allude to it.
 # But not Queensland
-# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
+# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html
 
 # Northern Territory
 
@@ -1130,9 +1071,9 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
 # it matches what was used in the past.
 
-# 
 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
-#  (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
+# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm
+# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
 
 # Queensland
@@ -1173,9 +1114,9 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
 
 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
-# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
+# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
 # WA are trialing DST for three years.
-# 
+# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf
 
 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
@@ -1189,7 +1130,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
 # This is confirmed by the section entitled
 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in
-# .
+# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html
 #
 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
@@ -1337,7 +1278,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Based on law library research by John Mackin,
 # who notes:
 #	In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
-#	individual states.  Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
+#	individual states.  Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time"
 #	[I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
 #	use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
 #	legislation.  This is very important to understand.
@@ -1345,48 +1286,42 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
-# October in 2000.  [See: Matthew Moore,
-# 
-# Two months more daylight saving
-# 
-# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
+# October in 2000.  See: Matthew Moore,
+# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).
+# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
 # See the following official NSW source:
-# 
 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
-# 
+# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ
 #
 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
 # daylight saving next year.  See:
-# 
 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
-#  (1999-07-22).  For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
+# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm
+# (1999-07-22).  For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
 #
 # Victoria will following NSW.  See:
-# 
-# Vic to extend daylight saving
-#  (1999-07-28).
+# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28)
+# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm
 #
 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request.  See:
-# 
-# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
-#  (1999-07-19).
+# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19)
+# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm
 #
 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics.  See:
-# 
 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
-#  (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
-# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
+# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm
+# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
+# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
-# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
+# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules."
 #
 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000.  See:
-# 
-# Broken Hill to be behind the times
-#  (1999-07-21).
+# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21)
+# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm
 
 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
@@ -1402,7 +1337,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Yancowinna
 
 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
-# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
+# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # # YANCOWINNA..  [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
@@ -1459,9 +1394,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # summer (southern hemisphere).
 #
 # From
-# 
 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
-# 
 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
@@ -1471,9 +1404,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
 #
 # We have a wrap-up here:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
-# 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # New Zealand
@@ -1482,7 +1413,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
-# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
+# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # # The Country of New Zealand   (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
@@ -1524,6 +1455,19 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
+# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
+# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26).
+# http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf
+# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
+# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
+# time in the Chatham Islands.  The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
+# Zealand time.  I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
+# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
+# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
+# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
+# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
+
 ###############################################################################
 
 
@@ -1543,7 +1487,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # From the BBC World Service in
 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
-# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
+# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
 # of the new millennium.
@@ -1551,16 +1495,12 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
 
-# Johnston
-
-# Johnston data is from usno1995.
-
 
 # Kiribati
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
-# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
+# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
 
 
@@ -1575,8 +1515,8 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # N Mariana Is, Guam
 
-# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
-# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
+# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
+# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
 # see Asia/Manila.
@@ -1590,17 +1530,16 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Micronesia
 
 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
-# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
-# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
+# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
+# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
 #
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
-# 
-# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
-#  (1999-01-26)
+# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
+# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
 
@@ -1646,27 +1585,34 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
 
 
-# Samoa
+# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
 
 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
-# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
-# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
-# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
+# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
+# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
+# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
 
+# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30
+# in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11
+# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
+# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
+# Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950,
+# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
+# day in 2011.  Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
+# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
 
 # Tonga
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
-# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
-# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
+# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
+# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
 
 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
-# 
-# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
-# :
-
+# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins':
+# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm
+#
 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT.  When New Zealand adjusted its
 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
@@ -1674,8 +1620,8 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
 #
-# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
-# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
+# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
+# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
 #
 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
@@ -1701,9 +1647,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November
 #
 # I was given this link by John Letts:
-# 
 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
-# 
 #
 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
@@ -1711,9 +1655,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # (12 + 1 hour DST).
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
-# According to 
-# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
-# :
+# According to :
 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
 # third Saturday of April.  Under the system approved by Privy Council on
@@ -1731,7 +1673,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
-# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
+# (Original URL was )
 
 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
@@ -1751,7 +1693,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
 #
-# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ...  The time was all the
+# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ...  The time was all the
 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays.  Furthermore, we
 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
@@ -1796,7 +1738,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # on the high seas.  Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
 # nation it would use that nation's standard time.  The captain was permitted
 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
-# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight.  These zones were
+# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight.  These zones were
 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
 # independent merchant ships until World War II.
 
@@ -1804,6 +1746,6 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # (2005-03-20):
 #
 # The American Practical Navigator (2002)
-# 
+# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187
 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.
diff --git a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/backward b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/backward
index 5afe9a317ff..ba012f45733 100644
--- a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/backward
+++ b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/backward
@@ -21,15 +21,15 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This file provides links between current names for time zones
 # and their old names.  Many names changed in late 1993.
 
+# Link	TARGET			LINK-NAME
 Link	Africa/Asmara		Africa/Asmera
-Link	Africa/Bamako		Africa/Timbuktu
+Link	Africa/Abidjan		Africa/Timbuktu
 Link	America/Argentina/Catamarca	America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia
 Link	America/Adak		America/Atka
 Link	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires	America/Buenos_Aires
@@ -50,8 +50,11 @@ Link	America/Port_of_Spain	America/Virgin
 Link	Pacific/Auckland	Antarctica/South_Pole
 Link	Asia/Ashgabat		Asia/Ashkhabad
 Link	Asia/Kolkata		Asia/Calcutta
-Link	Asia/Chongqing		Asia/Chungking
+Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Chongqing
+Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Chungking
 Link	Asia/Dhaka		Asia/Dacca
+Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Harbin
+Link	Asia/Urumqi		Asia/Kashgar
 Link	Asia/Kathmandu		Asia/Katmandu
 Link	Asia/Macau		Asia/Macao
 Link	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	Asia/Saigon
diff --git a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/etcetera b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/etcetera
index ebaa5fdfc04..d2fb91c9dd6 100644
--- a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/etcetera
+++ b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/etcetera
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ Zone	Etc/UTC		0	-	UTC
 Zone	Etc/UCT		0	-	UCT
 
 # The following link uses older naming conventions,
-# but it belongs here, not in the file `backward',
+# but it belongs here, not in the file 'backward',
 # as functions like gmtime load the "GMT" file to handle leap seconds properly.
 # We want this to work even on installations that omit the other older names.
 Link	Etc/GMT				GMT
diff --git a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/europe b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/europe
index 226c393a0f2..0c5f5667da9 100644
--- a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/europe
+++ b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/europe
@@ -21,15 +21,15 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
-# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-05-31):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
 #
+# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
+#
 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
 #
@@ -49,9 +52,9 @@
 #	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
 #	which I found in the UCLA library.
 #
-#	
 #	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
-#	 (1914-03)
+#	
+#	[PDF] (1914-03)
 #
 #	Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
 #	.  He writes:
@@ -59,10 +62,20 @@
 #	may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
 #	Savile Row, London."  Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
 #
-#	Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
-#	
+#	Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
+#	This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
+#	http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
+#	The full Russian citation is:
+#	Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток
+#	введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го
+#	июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
+#	Десятая гос. тип., 1919.
+#	http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
+#
+#	Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
 #	History of Summer Time
-#	 (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
+#	
+#	(1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
 
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
@@ -81,10 +94,8 @@
 #        1:00       CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
 #        1:00:14    SET           Swedish (1879-1899)*
 #        2:00       EET EEST      Eastern Europe
-#        3:00       MSK MSD       Moscow
-#
-# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
+#        3:00       FET           Further-eastern Europe*
+#        3:00       MSK MSD  MSM* Moscow
 
 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
@@ -128,7 +139,7 @@
 # along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
 #
 # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
-# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
+# position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should
 # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
 #
 # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
@@ -160,8 +171,22 @@
 # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01.  We don't know as much
 # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
-# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19):
+# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time
+# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year.
+# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the
+# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946),
+# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value
+# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research.
+# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society
+# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift.  See:
+# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg.
+# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734
+# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html
+# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal
+# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten.
+#
+# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915),
 # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
 # who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
@@ -174,7 +199,7 @@
 # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
 # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
 # subscription and open to the public.  On the south face of the monolith,
-# designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial,
+# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
 # which is permanently set to Summer Time.
 
 # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
@@ -183,9 +208,9 @@
 # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
 # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
 # foundations of civilization throughout the world.
-#	-- 
-#	"A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
-#	
+#	-- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
+#	republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26
+#	http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
@@ -194,7 +219,6 @@
 # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
-#
 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
 
@@ -221,8 +245,8 @@
 # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
 # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
 # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
-# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
-# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png
+# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
+# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png
 
 # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
 # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
@@ -239,23 +263,14 @@
 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
 # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
 # and extending this list, which can be found in
-# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/
-# 
-# History of legal time in Britain
-# 
-# Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer
-# exists, and the article can now be found at:
-# 
 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
-# 
 
 # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
 #
 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech
-# 
-# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
-# .
+# http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0
+# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 #
@@ -295,8 +310,8 @@
 #   -- James Joyce, Ulysses
 
 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
-# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie.  These include
-# various relating to legal time, for example:
+# Irish laws are available online at .
+# These include various relating to legal time, for example:
 #
 # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
 #
@@ -458,25 +473,27 @@ Rule	GB-Eire 1990	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=22	1:00u	0	GMT
 # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1 0:00s
+Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1  0:00s
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
-			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
+			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
 			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
 Link	Europe/London	Europe/Jersey
 Link	Europe/London	Europe/Guernsey
 Link	Europe/London	Europe/Isle_of_Man
+
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Dublin	-0:25:00 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
-			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00
-			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 2:00s
+			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21  2:00
+			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1  2:00s
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1921 Dec  6 # independence
-			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1940 Feb 25 2:00
-			 0:00	1:00	IST	1946 Oct  6 2:00
-			 0:00	-	GMT	1947 Mar 16 2:00
-			 0:00	1:00	IST	1947 Nov  2 2:00
-			 0:00	-	GMT	1948 Apr 18 2:00
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1940 Feb 25  2:00
+			 0:00	1:00	IST	1946 Oct  6  2:00
+			 0:00	-	GMT	1947 Mar 16  2:00
+			 0:00	1:00	IST	1947 Nov  2  2:00
+			 0:00	-	GMT	1948 Apr 18  2:00
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1968 Oct 27
-			 1:00	-	IST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
+			 1:00	-	IST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1996
 			 0:00	EU	GMT/IST
 
@@ -495,10 +512,9 @@ Rule	EU	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 Rule	EU	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	EU	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002.  See:
-# 
 # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
 # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
-# 
+# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT
 
 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
 Rule	W-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
@@ -521,18 +537,18 @@ Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	C-Eur	1944	only	-	Oct	 2	 2:00s	0	-
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
 #
 # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
 # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
-# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the
+# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
 # tz database itself, as seen below:
 #
 # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15  0:01
 #    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16  3:00
 #
 # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
-#    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
+#    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16  3:00
 #
 # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
 #    1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16  2:00s
@@ -576,16 +592,16 @@ Rule	E-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	E-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	MST	# Moscow Summer Time
-Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	MMT	# Moscow Mean Time
-Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	MDST	# Moscow Double Summer Time
+Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	MST  # Moscow Summer Time
+Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	MMT  # Moscow Mean Time
+Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
 Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	1:00	MST
 Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	MDST
-Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
-Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	MSD
+Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	MSK
+Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	MSD
+Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	MSM  # Midsummer
+Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	MSD
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
 Rule	Russia	1981	1984	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
@@ -607,14 +623,10 @@ Rule	Russia	1996	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
 #
 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
-# 
 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
-# 
 #
 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
-# 
 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
-# 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
@@ -634,10 +646,10 @@ Zone	EET		2:00	EU	EE%sT
 # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
 # The official German names ... are
 #
-#	Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ)         = UTC+01:00
-#	Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ)  = UTC+02:00
+#	Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ)         = UTC+01:00
+#	Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ)  = UTC+02:00
 #
-# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
+# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
 # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
 # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
 #
@@ -692,7 +704,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Tirane	1:19:20 -	LMT	1914
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Andorra	0:06:04 -	LMT	1901
 			0:00	-	WET	1946 Sep 30
-			1:00	-	CET	1985 Mar 31 2:00
+			1:00	-	CET	1985 Mar 31  2:00
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Austria
@@ -718,9 +730,9 @@ Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:21 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1920
-			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1 2:00s
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
-			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Apr 12 2:00s
+			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1  2:00s
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00s
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Apr 12  2:00s
 			1:00	-	CET	1946
 			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
@@ -731,38 +743,29 @@ Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:21 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
 #
 # Sources (Russian language):
-# 1.
-# 
 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
-# 
-# 2.
-# 
 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
-# 
-# 3.
-# 
 # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
-# 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Minsk	1:50:16 -	LMT	1880
-			1:50	-	MMT	1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
+			1:50	-	MMT	1924 May  2 # Minsk Mean Time
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 28
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul  3
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
-			3:00	-	MSK	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29 0:00s
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27 0:00s
-			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
+			3:00	-	MSK	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
+			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29  0:00s
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27  0:00s
+			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			3:00	-	FET
 
 # Belgium
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
 #	Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
-#	Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
+#	Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
 #	(Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
 #	pp 8-9.
 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
@@ -812,7 +815,7 @@ Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	May	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	 2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:30 -	LMT	1880
-			0:17:30	-	BMT	1892 May  1 12:00 # Brussels MT
+			0:17:30	-	BMT	1892 May  1 12:00  # Brussels MT
 			0:00	-	WET	1914 Nov  8
 			1:00	-	CET	1916 May  1  0:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Nov 11 11:00u
@@ -828,8 +831,8 @@ Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:30 -	LMT	1880
 #
 # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
 # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
-# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
-# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
+# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
+# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Mar	31	23:00	1:00	S
@@ -842,7 +845,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Sofia	1:33:16 -	LMT	1880
 			1:56:56	-	IMT	1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
 			2:00	-	EET	1942 Nov  2  3:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
-			1:00	-	CET	1945 Apr 2 3:00
+			1:00	-	CET	1945 Apr  2  3:00
 			2:00	-	EET	1979 Mar 31 23:00
 			2:00	Bulg	EE%sT	1982 Sep 26  2:00
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
@@ -866,15 +869,15 @@ Rule	Czech	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Czech	1949	only	-	Apr	 9	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Prague	0:57:44 -	LMT	1850
-			0:57:44	-	PMT	1891 Oct     # Prague Mean Time
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 17 2:00s
+			0:57:44	-	PMT	1891 Oct    # Prague Mean Time
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 17  2:00s
 			1:00	Czech	CE%sT	1979
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
 
 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
 # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
 # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
 # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
@@ -884,7 +887,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Prague	0:57:44 -	LMT	1850
 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
 #
 # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
-# in subsequenet decrees with the law
+# in subsequent decrees with the law
 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
 #
 # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980.  I have
@@ -899,7 +902,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Prague	0:57:44 -	LMT	1850
 # was suspended on that night):
 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
 # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
 # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
 
@@ -923,11 +926,11 @@ Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	Aug	 8	 2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Copenhagen	 0:50:20 -	LMT	1890
 			 0:50:20 -	CMT	1894 Jan  1 # Copenhagen MT
-			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
-			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
+			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2  2:00s
+			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
 			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1980
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
-Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
+Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
 			 0:00	-	WET	1981
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 #
@@ -939,11 +942,11 @@ Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
 # and left the EU on 1985-02-01.  It therefore should have been using EU
-# rules at least through 1984.  Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab
+# rules at least through 1984.  Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
 # rules since at least 1991.  Assume EU rules since 1980.
 
-# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing
+# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
 #  (2001-03-15),
 # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
 #
@@ -978,16 +981,16 @@ Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
 # DPC research station at Zackenberg.
 #
 # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
-# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab).
+# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb).
 #
-# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it
+# The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it
 # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
 # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
 #
 # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
 # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
 # maintaining traffic in these areas.  However, the official status of
-# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time.  This area might be
+# this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time.  This area might be
 # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
@@ -996,8 +999,8 @@ Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
-# the 1995 map as like Godthab.
-# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996.
+# the 1995 map as like Godthåb.
+# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996.
 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
@@ -1012,15 +1015,15 @@ Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
-			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
+			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6  2:00
 			-3:00	EU	WG%sT	1996
 			0:00	-	GMT
 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
-			-2:00	-	CGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
+			-2:00	-	CGT	1980 Apr  6  2:00
 			-2:00	C-Eur	CG%sT	1981 Mar 29
 			-1:00	EU	EG%sT
 Zone America/Godthab	-3:26:56 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
-			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
+			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6  2:00
 			-3:00	EU	WG%sT
 Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
 			-4:00	Thule	A%sT
@@ -1042,17 +1045,16 @@ Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
 # summer time next spring."
 
 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
-# 
 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
-# 
+# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
-# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
+# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
 #
 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
 
-# From The Baltic Times (1999-09-09)
+# From The Baltic Times  (1999-09-09)
 # via Steffen Thorsen:
 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
@@ -1070,19 +1072,19 @@ Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
 # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
 # Now we are using again EU rules.
 #
-# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28):
+# From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28):
 # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
-			1:39:00	-	TMT	1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
+			1:39:00	-	TMT	1918 Feb    # Tallinn Mean Time
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1919 Jul
 			1:39:00	-	TMT	1921 May
 			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  6
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 15
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 22
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep 24 2:00s
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep 24  2:00s
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998 Sep 22
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	1999 Nov  1
 			2:00	-	EET	2002 Feb 21
@@ -1104,35 +1106,45 @@ Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
 # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
 # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
 # Finnish) at
-#
-# 
 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
-# 
 #
 # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
 # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
 #
 # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
-#
-# 
 # http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
-# 
 #
 # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
 # exist tonight."
 
+# From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13):
+# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
+# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
+# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
+# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
+# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
+# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
+# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
+# Go with Oja over Shanks.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Oct	3	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	2	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Oct	4	1:00	0	-
 Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	-
+
+# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
+# round to nearest.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Helsinki	1:39:52 -	LMT	1878 May 31
-			1:39:52	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time
+Zone	Europe/Helsinki	1:39:49 -	LMT	1878 May 31
+			1:39:49	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time
 			2:00	Finland	EE%sT	1983
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
-# Aaland Is
+# Åland Is
 Link	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Mariehamn
 
 
@@ -1140,14 +1152,14 @@ Link	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Mariehamn
 
 # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
 #
-# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions
+# Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions
 # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
 #
-# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
+# Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel,
 # Paris, 1991
 #
-# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
-# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987
+# Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie,
+# Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987
 
 
 #
@@ -1188,16 +1200,16 @@ Rule	France	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
 # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
-# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
-# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
-# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
+# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez,
+# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La
+# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
 # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
-# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
+# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois,
 # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
 Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
 # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
 # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
-# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
+# who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
 # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
 Rule	France	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	2:00	M
@@ -1218,7 +1230,7 @@ Rule	France	1976	only	-	Sep	26	 1:00	0	-
 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
-			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11  0:01  # Paris MT
+			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11  0:01 # Paris MT
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
 			0:00	France	WE%sT	1940 Jun 14 23:00
 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
@@ -1235,15 +1247,13 @@ Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
 # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
 
-# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23):
+# From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
-# 
-# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
+# http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
+# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
-# 
 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
-# 
 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
 # this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
@@ -1268,23 +1278,23 @@ Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Berlin	0:53:28 -	LMT	1893 Apr
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May 24 2:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May 24  2:00
 			1:00 SovietZone	CE%sT	1946
 			1:00	Germany	CE%sT	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
-# Busingen , surrounded by the Swiss canton
+# Büsingen , surrounded by the Swiss canton
 # Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
 # (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
 # DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
 # which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
 #
-# Source for the time in Busingen 1980:
+# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980:
 # http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
-# Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
+# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
 
 Link	Europe/Zurich	Europe/Busingen
 
@@ -1295,8 +1305,8 @@ Link	Europe/Zurich	Europe/Busingen
 
 # Gibraltar
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Gibraltar	-0:21:24 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2 0:00s
-			0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1957 Apr 14 2:00
+Zone Europe/Gibraltar	-0:21:24 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2  0:00s
+			0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1957 Apr 14  2:00
 			1:00	-	CET	1982
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
@@ -1327,7 +1337,7 @@ Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Athens	1:34:52 -	LMT	1895 Sep 14
-			1:34:52	-	AMT	1916 Jul 28 0:01     # Athens MT
+			1:34:52	-	AMT	1916 Jul 28  0:01 # Athens MT
 			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1941 Apr 30
 			1:00	Greece	CE%sT	1944 Apr  4
 			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1981
@@ -1336,15 +1346,20 @@ Zone	Europe/Athens	1:34:52 -	LMT	1895 Sep 14
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Hungary
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
+# Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from:
+# Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945.
+# National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29).
+# http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html
+# This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks
+# & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates).
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Apr	 1	 3:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Sep	29	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Sep	16	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Apr	15	 3:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Sep	15	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Hungary	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	 3:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Hungary	1920	only	-	Sep	30	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Nov	24	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	May	 1	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	Nov	 3	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1946	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1946	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=4	 2:00s	1:00	S
@@ -1360,7 +1375,7 @@ Rule	Hungary	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	 1:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Budapest	1:16:20 -	LMT	1890 Oct
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918
-			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1941 Apr  6  2:00
+			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1941 Apr  8
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
 			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1980 Sep 28  2:00s
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
@@ -1423,7 +1438,7 @@ Rule	Iceland	1967	only	-	Oct	29	 1:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik	-1:27:24 -	LMT	1837
 			-1:27:48 -	RMT	1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
-			-1:00	Iceland	IS%sT	1968 Apr 7 1:00s
+			-1:00	Iceland	IS%sT	1968 Apr  7  1:00s
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Italy
@@ -1438,9 +1453,8 @@ Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik	-1:27:24 -	LMT	1837
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
 # F. Pollastri
-# 
 # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
-# 
+# http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html
 # ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
 # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
 #
@@ -1500,8 +1514,8 @@ Rule	Italy	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Rome	0:49:56 -	LMT	1866 Sep 22
-			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov  1 0:00s # Rome Mean
-			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
+			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov  1  0:00s # Rome Mean
+			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2  2:00s
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul
 			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
@@ -1548,18 +1562,18 @@ Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/San_Marino
 
 # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
 # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
-# 
 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
-# 29-Feb-2000 (#79), in Latvian for subscribers only).
+# 29-Feb-2000 (#79) ,
+# in Latvian for subscribers only).
 
-# 
-# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
-# 
+# From RFE/RL Newsline
+# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html
+# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
 # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
 # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
 # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
 # clocks one hour in the spring....
-# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few
+# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few
 # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
 # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
 # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
@@ -1569,18 +1583,23 @@ Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/San_Marino
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
+
+# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34.
+# Go with Byalokoz.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Riga	1:36:24	-	LMT	1880
-			1:36:24	-	RMT	1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
-			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
-			1:36:24	-	RMT	1919 Apr  1 2:00
-			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1919 May 22 3:00
-			1:36:24	-	RMT	1926 May 11
+Zone	Europe/Riga	1:36:34	-	LMT	1880
+			1:36:34	-	RMT	1918 Apr 15  2:00 # Riga MT
+			1:36:34	1:00	LST	1918 Sep 16  3:00 # Latvian ST
+			1:36:34	-	RMT	1919 Apr  1  2:00
+			1:36:34	1:00	LST	1919 May 22  3:00
+			1:36:34	-	RMT	1926 May 11
 			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  5
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jul
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct 13
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar lastSun  2:00s
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep lastSun  2:00s
 			2:00	Latvia	EE%sT	1997 Jan 21
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2000 Feb 29
 			2:00	-	EET	2001 Jan  2
@@ -1614,7 +1633,7 @@ Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
 # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
 # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
 
-# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
+# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) ,
 # via Steffen Thorsen:
 # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
 # to be valid here starting from October 31,
@@ -1623,9 +1642,9 @@ Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
 # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
 # already done by Estonia.
 
-# From the 
-# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
-#  (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
+# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
+#  (2000-03-27):
+# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
 
 # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
 # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
@@ -1638,18 +1657,18 @@ Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Vilnius	1:41:16	-	LMT	1880
-			1:24:00	-	WMT	1917	    # Warsaw Mean Time
+			1:24:00	-	WMT	1917        # Warsaw Mean Time
 			1:35:36	-	KMT	1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
 			1:00	-	CET	1920 Jul 12
 			2:00	-	EET	1920 Oct  9
 			1:00	-	CET	1940 Aug  3
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 24
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998
-			2:00	-	EET	1998 Mar 29 1:00u
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT	1999 Oct 31 1:00u
+			2:00	-	EET	1998 Mar 29  1:00u
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT	1999 Oct 31  1:00u
 			2:00	-	EET	2003 Jan  1
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
@@ -1683,9 +1702,9 @@ Rule	Lux	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Luxembourg	0:24:36 -	LMT	1904 Jun
 			1:00	Lux	CE%sT	1918 Nov 25
-			0:00	Lux	WE%sT	1929 Oct  6 2:00s
-			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 14 3:00
-			1:00	C-Eur	WE%sT	1944 Sep 18 3:00
+			0:00	Lux	WE%sT	1929 Oct  6  2:00s
+			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 14  3:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	WE%sT	1944 Sep 18  3:00
 			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
@@ -1702,9 +1721,9 @@ Rule	Malta	1975	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Malta	1975	1980	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Malta	1980	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2 0:00s # Valletta
-			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
+Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2  0:00s # Valletta
+			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2  2:00s
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00s
 			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1973 Mar 31
 			1:00	Malta	CE%sT	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
@@ -1719,7 +1738,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2 0:00s # Valletta
 # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
 # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
 # But [two people] separately reported via
-# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
+# Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
 # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
 #
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
@@ -1728,13 +1747,8 @@ Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2 0:00s # Valletta
 # to the Winter Time).
 #
 # News (in Russian):
-# 
 # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
-# 
-#
-# 
 # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
-# 
 #
 # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
 # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
@@ -1752,9 +1766,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2 0:00s # Valletta
 # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
 # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
 # News from Moldova (in russian):
-# 
 # http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
-# 
 
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -1777,8 +1789,8 @@ Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1880
 # more precise 0:09:21.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Monaco	0:29:32 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15
-			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
-			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16 3:00
+			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
+			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16  3:00
 			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
@@ -1822,8 +1834,8 @@ Zone	Europe/Monaco	0:29:32 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15
 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
 # Amsterdam mean time.
 
-# The data before 1945 are taken from
-# .
+# The data entries before 1945 are taken from
+# http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	NST	# Netherlands Summer Time
@@ -1854,8 +1866,8 @@ Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:32 -	LMT	1835
 			0:19:32	Neth	%s	1937 Jul  1
-			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
+			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 16  0:00 # Dutch Time
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
 			1:00	Neth	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
@@ -1885,14 +1897,14 @@ Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
 # time they were declared as parts of Norway.  Svalbard was declared
 # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
 # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
-# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and
-# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html).  The law/regulation
+#  and
+# ).  The law/regulation
 # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
 # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
 # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
-# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
+# ) I have not been
 # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
-# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
+# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by
 # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
 # since 1921.  Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
 # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
@@ -1907,7 +1919,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
 #  says that the meteorologists
 # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
 # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
-# frequent air ttacks from Germans.  In 1943 the Americans established a
+# frequent air attacks from Germans.  In 1943 the Americans established a
 # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City".  Possibly
 # the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
 # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
@@ -1918,7 +1930,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
 #  says that the Germans were
 # expelled on 1942-05-14.  However, small parties of Germans did return,
 # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
-# 
+# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html
 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
 # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
 #
@@ -1927,6 +1939,10 @@ Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
 Link	Europe/Oslo	Arctic/Longyearbyen
 
 # Poland
+
+# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20),
+#  pp 1-2.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Poland	1918	1919	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Poland	1919	only	-	Apr	15	2:00s	1:00	S
@@ -1937,9 +1953,9 @@ Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Apr	29	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
 # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
-# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
-# 
-# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
+# Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
+# http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1
+# Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
 # He also gives these further references:
 # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) 
 # Druk nr 2180 (2003) 
@@ -1959,10 +1975,10 @@ Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1962	1964	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880
-			1:24:00	-	WMT	1915 Aug  5   # Warsaw Mean Time
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Sep 16 3:00
+			1:24:00	-	WMT	1915 Aug  5 # Warsaw Mean Time
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Sep 16  3:00
 			2:00	Poland	EE%sT	1922 Jun
-			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1940 Jun 23 2:00
+			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1940 Jun 23  2:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
 			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1988
@@ -1970,6 +1986,14 @@ Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880
 
 # Portugal
 #
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
+# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
+# Round the old offset to -0:36:45.  This agrees with Willett but disagrees
+# with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for
+# Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira.
+#
 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
@@ -2049,35 +2073,34 @@ Rule	Port	1979	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1980	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1983	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
-# Willett says 1912-01-01.  Go with Willett.
-Zone	Europe/Lisbon	-0:36:32 -	LMT	1884
-			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  # Lisbon Mean Time
-			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00
-			 1:00	-	CET	1976 Sep 26 1:00
-			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
-			 0:00	W-Eur	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
-			 1:00	EU	CE%sT	1996 Mar 31 1:00u
+Zone	Europe/Lisbon	-0:36:45 -	LMT	1884
+			-0:36:45 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1 # Lisbon Mean Time
+			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1966 Apr  3  2:00
+			 1:00	-	CET	1976 Sep 26  1:00
+			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
+			 0:00	W-Eur	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27  1:00s
+			 1:00	EU	CE%sT	1996 Mar 31  1:00u
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
-Zone Atlantic/Azores	-1:42:40 -	LMT	1884		# Ponta Delgada
-			-1:54:32 -	HMT	1911 May 24  # Horta Mean Time
-			-2:00	Port	AZO%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00 # Azores Time
-			-1:00	Port	AZO%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
-			-1:00	W-Eur	AZO%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
-			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1993 Mar 28 1:00u
+Zone Atlantic/Azores	-1:42:40 -	LMT	1884        # Ponta Delgada
+			-1:54:32 -	HMT	1912 Jan  1 # Horta Mean Time
+			-2:00	Port	AZO%sT	1966 Apr  3  2:00  # Azores Time
+			-1:00	Port	AZO%sT	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
+			-1:00	W-Eur	AZO%sT	1992 Sep 27  1:00s
+			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1993 Mar 28  1:00u
 			-1:00	EU	AZO%sT
-Zone Atlantic/Madeira	-1:07:36 -	LMT	1884		# Funchal
-			-1:07:36 -	FMT	1911 May 24  # Funchal Mean Time
-			-1:00	Port	MAD%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00 # Madeira Time
-			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
+Zone Atlantic/Madeira	-1:07:36 -	LMT	1884        # Funchal
+			-1:07:36 -	FMT	1912 Jan  1 # Funchal Mean Time
+			-1:00	Port	MAD%sT	1966 Apr  3  2:00 # Madeira Time
+			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 
 # Romania
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
-# 
-# Nine O'clock (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
+# Nine O'clock 
+# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998.  For lack of better info,
 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
 # the same year as Bulgaria.
@@ -2094,32 +2117,28 @@ Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
-			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24	# Bucharest MT
-			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29 2:00s
+			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
+			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29  2:00s
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
 			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1994
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
+
 # Russia
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
 # Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011
 # (Government document
-# 
 # http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
-# 
 # in Russian)
 # there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
 # All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
 # by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
-# 
 
 # From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
 # Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
-# 
 # http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
 # They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
 
@@ -2128,16 +2147,12 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
 # changed in September 2011:
 #
 # One source is
-# < a href="http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/>
 # http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
-# 
 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
 # 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
 #
 # Another source is
-# 
 # http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
-# 
 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
 # Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
 # contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
@@ -2145,28 +2160,45 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
 # does not contain any "effective date" information.
 #
 # Another source is
-# 
 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
-# 
 # which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011...
 # Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
 # but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
 #
 # The Wikipedia article refers to
-# 
 # http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
-# 
 # which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
 #
 # Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
 # "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
-# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to get
-# September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias Conradi notes).
+# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to
+# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias
+# Conradi notes).
 #
 # None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
 #
 # Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
 
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):
+# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
+# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
+# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
+# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones.  The new
+# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...
+# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
+# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
+# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
+# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
+#
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
+# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
+# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
+# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
+# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
+# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this:
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
+
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
@@ -2193,9 +2225,9 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
 #
 # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
 # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
-# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth.  A rumor that it was
+# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth.  A rumor that it was
 # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
-# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began
+# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
 # enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
@@ -2206,107 +2238,265 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
 # since September 1997....  Although the Kuril Islands are
 # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
 # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
-#
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
+# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
+# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
+# are covered by each zone.  They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
+# listing.  The region codes listed come from
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
+# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
+# future stability.  ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
+# divisions where available.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-#
-# Kaliningradskaya oblast'.
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
+# 39	RU-KGD	Kaliningrad Oblast
+
 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
 			 2:00	Poland	CE%sT	1946
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
+			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	FET	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 2:00	-	EET
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Europe/Moscow covers...
+# 01	RU-AD	Adygea, Republic of
+# 05	RU-DA	Dagestan, Republic of
+# 06	RU-IN	Ingushetia, Republic of
+# 07	RU-KB	Kabardino-Balkar Republic
+# 08	RU-KL	Kalmykia, Republic of
+# 09	RU-KC	Karachay-Cherkess Republic
+# 10	RU-KR	Karelia, Republic of
+# 11	RU-KO	Komi Republic
+# 12	RU-ME	Mari El Republic
+# 13	RU-MO	Mordovia, Republic of
+# 15	RU-SE	North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
+# 16	RU-TA	Tatarstan, Republic of
+# 20	RU-CE	Chechen Republic
+# 21	RU-CU	Chuvash Republic
+# 23	RU-KDA	Krasnodar Krai
+# 26	RU-STA	Stavropol Krai
+# 29	RU-ARK	Arkhangelsk Oblast
+# 31	RU-BEL	Belgorod Oblast
+# 32	RU-BRY	Bryansk Oblast
+# 33	RU-VLA	Vladimir Oblast
+# 35	RU-VLG	Vologda Oblast
+# 36	RU-VOR	Voronezh Oblast
+# 37	RU-IVA	Ivanovo Oblast
+# 40	RU-KLU	Kaluga Oblast
+# 44	RU-KOS	Kostroma Oblast
+# 46	RU-KRS	Kursk Oblast
+# 47	RU-LEN	Leningrad Oblast
+# 48	RU-LIP	Lipetsk Oblast
+# 50	RU-MOS	Moscow Oblast
+# 51	RU-MUR	Murmansk Oblast
+# 52	RU-NIZ	Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
+# 53	RU-NGR	Novgorod Oblast
+# 57	RU-ORL	Oryol Oblast
+# 58	RU-PNZ	Penza Oblast
+# 60	RU-PSK	Pskov Oblast
+# 61	RU-ROS	Rostov Oblast
+# 62	RU-RYA	Ryazan Oblast
+# 67	RU-SMO	Smolensk Oblast
+# 68	RU-TAM	Tambov Oblast
+# 69	RU-TVE	Tver Oblast
+# 71	RU-TUL	Tula Oblast
+# 73	RU-ULY	Ulyanovsk Oblast
+# 76	RU-YAR	Yaroslavl Oblast
+# 77	RU-MOW	Moscow
+# 78	RU-SPE	Saint Petersburg
+# 83	RU-NEN	Nenets Autonomous Okrug
+
+# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
+# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
+# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
+# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
+# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.)
+# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by
+# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg.  In 1916 LMT Moscow
+# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
+# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
+# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19.  LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
+# 2:31:19 ...
 #
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast',
-# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast',
-# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
-# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya,
-# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya,
-# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya,
-# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi,
-# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast',
-# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El,
-# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast',
-# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug,
-# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast',
-# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast',
-# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg,
-# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast',
-# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan,
-# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast',
-# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast',
-# Yaroslavskaya oblast'
-Zone Europe/Moscow	 2:30:20 -	LMT	1880
-			 2:30	-	MMT	1916 Jul  3 # Moscow Mean Time
-			 2:30:48 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
+# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
+# Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
+# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
+# Russian and French.  This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
+
+Zone Europe/Moscow	 2:30:17 -	LMT	1880
+			 2:30:17 -	MMT	1916 Jul  3 # Moscow Mean Time
+			 2:31:19 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1  2:00
+			 3:00	Russia	%s	1921 Oct
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1922 Oct
 			 2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 4:00	-	MSK
+			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	MSK
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Europe/Simferopol covers...
+# **	****	Crimea, Republic of
+# **	****	Sevastopol
+
+Zone Europe/Simferopol	 2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
+			 2:16	-	SMT	1924 May  2 # Simferopol Mean T
+			 2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
+			 3:00	-	MSK	1941 Nov
+			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Apr 13
+			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
+			 3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1  2:00
+			 2:00	-	EET	1992
+# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
 #
-# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast',
-# Volgogradskaya oblast'.  Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400
-# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300.  Perhaps it switched after the
-# others?  But we have no data.
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
+# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
+# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
+# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  Shanks & Pottenger simply say
+# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right.  For now, guess it
+# changed in May.
+			 2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1994 May
+# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
+			 3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996 Mar 31  3:00s
+			 3:00	1:00	MSD	1996 Oct 27  3:00s
+# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
+# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
+			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1997
+			 3:00	-	MSK	1997 Mar lastSun  1:00u
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
+# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
+# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
+# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
+# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
+# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
+			 2:00	EU	EE%sT	2014 Mar 30  2:00
+			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	MSK
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Europe/Volgograd covers...
+# 30	RU-AST	Astrakhan Oblast
+# 34	RU-VGG	Volgograd Oblast
+# 43	RU-KIR	Kirov Oblast
+# 64	RU-SAR	Saratov Oblast
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09):
+# Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300.
+# Perhaps it switched after the others?  But we have no data.
+
 Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
 			 3:00	-	TSAT	1925 Apr  6 # Tsaritsyn Time
 			 3:00	-	STAT	1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
 			 4:00	-	STAT	1961 Nov 11
-			 4:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
-			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 4:00	-	VOLT	1992 Mar 29 2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 4:00	-	VOLT
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika
-Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1 2:00
+			 4:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1989 Mar 26  2:00s # Volgograd T
+			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	VOLT	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	MSK	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	MSK
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Europe/Samara covers...
+# 18	RU-UD	Udmurt Republic
+# 63	RU-SAM	Samara Oblast
+
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
+
+Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:20 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  2:00
 			 3:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21
 			 4:00	-	SAMT	1935 Jan 27
-			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
-			 3:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 2:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			 3:00	-	KUYT	1991 Oct 20 3:00
-			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
-			 3:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26  2:00s # Kuybyshev
+			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	KUYT	1991 Oct 20  3:00
+			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2010 Mar 28  2:00s # Samara Time
+			 3:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	SAMT
 
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
+# 02	RU-BA	Bashkortostan, Republic of
+# 90	RU-PER	Perm Krai
+# 45	RU-KGN	Kurgan Oblast
+# 56	RU-ORE	Orenburg Oblast
+# 66	RU-SVE	Sverdlovsk Oblast
+# 72	RU-TYU	Tyumen Oblast
+# 74	RU-CHE	Chelyabinsk Oblast
+# 86	RU-KHM	Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
+# 89	RU-YAN	Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
 #
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug,
-# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast',
-# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast',
-# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast',
-# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug.
-Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:24 -	LMT	1919 Jul 15 4:00
+# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
+# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
+
+# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
+# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
+# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
+# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.
+
+Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:33 -	LMT	1916 Jul  3
+			 3:45:05 -	PMT	1919 Jul 15  4:00
 			 4:00	-	SVET	1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
-			 5:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 4:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 6:00	-	YEKT	# Yekaterinburg Time
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'.
-Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:36 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
-			 5:00	-	OMST	1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
-			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 5:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 7:00	-	OMST
-#
+			 5:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 4:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	YEKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 5:00	-	YEKT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Asia/Omsk covers...
+# 04	RU-AL	Altai Republic
+# 22	RU-ALT	Altai Krai
+# 55	RU-OMS	Omsk Oblast
+
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
+
+Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:30 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
+			 5:00	-	OMST	1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time
+			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 5:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	OMST	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	OMST
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Novosibirsk covers...
+# 54	RU-NVS	Novosibirsk Oblast
+# 70	RU-TOM	Tomsk Oblast
+
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
 # not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
-# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'.
-Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14 6:00
+
+Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14  6:00
 			 6:00	-	NOVT	1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
-			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
-			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 7:00	-	NOVT
+			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	NOVT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	NOVT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
+# 42	RU-KEM	Kemerovo Oblast
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
@@ -2319,14 +2509,10 @@ Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14 6:00
 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
 #
 # Russian Government web site (Russian language)
-# 
 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
-# 
 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
-# 
 #
 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
@@ -2334,152 +2520,319 @@ Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14 6:00
 # As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
 # Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
 
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
+# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
+# realigning itself with KRAT.
+
 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk	 5:48:48 -	NMT	1920 Jan  6
 			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
-			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 7:00	-	NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time
+			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s # Novosibirsk
+			 7:00	-	NOVT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	KRAT	# Krasnoyarsk Time
 
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
+# 17	RU-TY	Tuva Republic
+# 19	RU-KK	Khakassia, Republic of
+# 24	RU-KYA	Krasnoyarsk Krai
 #
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Krasnoyarskij kraj,
-# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug,
-# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug.
-Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:20 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
+# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
+# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
+
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
+
+Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:26 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
 			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
-			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 8:00	-	KRAT
+			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 8:00	-	KRAT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	KRAT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Asia/Irkutsk covers...
+# 03	RU-BU	Buryatia, Republic of
+# 38	RU-IRK	Irkutsk Oblast
 #
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast',
-# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug.
-Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:20 -	LMT	1880
-			 6:57:20 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
+# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
+# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
+
+# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15.
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05.
+# Go with Byalokoz.
+
+Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:05 -	LMT	1880
+			 6:57:05 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
 			 7:00	-	IRKT	1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
-			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 9:00	-	IRKT
+			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 9:00	-	IRKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 8:00	-	IRKT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
+# Asia/Chita covers...
+# 92	RU-ZAB	Zabaykalsky Krai
 #
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
-# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast',
-# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'.
+# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
+# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
 
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005...
-# Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name.
-# YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj.
-
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,
-# Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
-# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,
-# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij,
-# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,
-# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij.
-
-Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
+Zone Asia/Chita	 7:33:52 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 10:00	-	YAKT
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
-# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,
-# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
+			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			10:00	-	YAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 8:00	-	IRKT
 
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, ... Ust'-Yanskij.
-Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:44 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+# Asia/Yakutsk covers...
+# 28	RU-AMU	Amur Oblast
+#
+# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
+# 14-02	****	Aldansky District
+# 14-04	****	Amginsky District
+# 14-05	****	Anabarsky District
+# 14-06	****	Bulunsky District
+# 14-07	****	Verkhnevilyuysky District
+# 14-10	****	Vilyuysky District
+# 14-11	****	Gorny District
+# 14-12	****	Zhigansky District
+# 14-13	****	Kobyaysky District
+# 14-14	****	Lensky District
+# 14-15	****	Megino-Kangalassky District
+# 14-16	****	Mirninsky District
+# 14-18	****	Namsky District
+# 14-19	****	Neryungrinsky District
+# 14-21	****	Nyurbinsky District
+# 14-23	****	Olenyoksky District
+# 14-24	****	Olyokminsky District
+# 14-26	****	Suntarsky District
+# 14-27	****	Tattinsky District
+# 14-29	****	Ust-Aldansky District
+# 14-32	****	Khangalassky District
+# 14-33	****	Churapchinsky District
+# 14-34	****	Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
+# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
+# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
+
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.
+
+Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:58 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
+			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
+			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			10:00	-	YAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 9:00	-	YAKT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+# Asia/Vladivostok covers...
+# 25	RU-PRI	Primorsky Krai
+# 27	RU-KHA	Khabarovsk Krai
+# 79	RU-YEV	Jewish Autonomous Oblast
+#
+# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
+# 14-09	****	Verkhoyansky District
+# 14-31	****	Ust-Yansky District
+
+# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5.
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31.
+# Go with Byalokoz.
+
+Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:31 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
 			 9:00	-	VLAT	1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
-			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	VLA%sST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			11:00	-	VLAT
+			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	VLAT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	VLAT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
+# 14-28	****	Tomponsky District
+# 14-30	****	Ust-Maysky District
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
 # Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
 # in 2011.
-#
+
 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
 # Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
 # Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
-#
+
 Zone Asia/Khandyga	 9:02:13 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2004
-			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			11:00	-	VLAT	2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
-			10:00	-	YAKT
+			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	VLAT	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
+			10:00	-	YAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 9:00	-	YAKT
 
-#
-# Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
-# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Sakhalin covers...
+# 65	RU-SAK	Sakhalin Oblast
+# ...with the exception of:
+# 65-11	****	Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
+
+# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
 Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
-			 9:00	-	CJT	1938
+			 9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
 			 9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 25
-			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
-			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			11:00	-	SAKT
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
-# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
-# Probably also: Kuril Islands.
+			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s # Sakhalin T
+			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1997 Mar lastSun  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	SAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	SAKT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+# Asia/Magadan covers...
+# 49	RU-MAG	Magadan Oblast
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
+# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
+# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
+# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
+# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11.  These regions will
+# need their own zone.
 
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij,
-# Nizhnekolymskij, ... Srednekolymskij.
 Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			12:00	-	MAGT
+			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	MAGT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	MAGT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
+# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
+# 14-01	****	Abyysky District
+# 14-03	****	Allaikhovsky District
+# 14-08	****	Verkhnekolymsky District
+# 14-17	****	Momsky District
+# 14-20	****	Nizhnekolymsky District
+# 14-25	****	Srednekolymsky District
+#
+# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
+# 65-11	****	Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
+# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
+# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
+# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
+# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
+# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
+# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
+# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
+# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
+#
+# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
+# districts, but have very similar populations.  In fact, Wikipedia currently
+# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
+# each!  (Yikes!)
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
+# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
+#
+# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
+# fluctuated recently.  Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
+# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
+# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170.  (See pages 195 and 197 of
+# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
+# in Russian.)  In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
+# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
+# Go with Srednekolymsk.
+#
+# Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT
+# as the abbreviation.  Use SRET instead.
+
+Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk	10:14:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
+			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
+			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	MAGT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			11:00	-	SRET	# Srednekolymsk Time
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
+# 14-22	****	Oymyakonsky District
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
-# Ojmyakonskij and the Kuril Islands switched from
+# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
 # Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
+# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
+# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
+# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
+# UTC+12 since at least then, too.
+
 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera	 9:32:54 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
 			 9:00	Russia	YAKT	1981 Apr  1
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			12:00	-	MAGT	2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
-			11:00	-	VLAT
+			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	MAGT	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
+			11:00	-	VLAT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	VLAT
 
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Asia/Kamchatka covers...
+# 91	RU-KAM	Kamchatka Krai
 #
-# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
+# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
+# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
+
+# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
+# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
 Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
 			11:00	-	PETT	1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
-			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			12:00	-	PETT
-#
-# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Anadyr covers...
+# 87	RU-CHU	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
+
 Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			12:00	-	ANAT	1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
-			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1982 Apr  1 0:00s
-			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1982 Apr  1  0:00s
+			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			12:00	-	ANAT
 
+
 # San Marino
 # See Europe/Rome.
 
@@ -2488,11 +2841,11 @@ Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
 			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
-			1:00	-	CET	1945 May 8 2:00s
+			1:00	-	CET	1945 May  8  2:00s
 			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
-# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of
+# Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
-# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
+# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
 			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia
@@ -2568,13 +2921,13 @@ Zone	Africa/Ceuta	-0:21:16 -	LMT	1901
 			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1918 Oct  7 23:00
 			 0:00	-	WET	1924
 			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1929
-			 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
+			 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT	1984 Mar 16
 			 1:00	-	CET	1986
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
-			-1:00	-	CANT	1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
-			 0:00	-	WET	1980 Apr  6 0:00s
-			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1980 Sep 28 0:00s
+			-1:00	-	CANT	1946 Sep 30  1:00 # Canaries T
+			 0:00	-	WET	1980 Apr  6  0:00s
+			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1980 Sep 28  0:00s
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
@@ -2583,7 +2936,7 @@ Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
 
 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
 #
-# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
+# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
@@ -2594,7 +2947,7 @@ Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
 #
 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
-# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
+# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
 # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
 # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
 # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
@@ -2602,7 +2955,7 @@ Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
 # 1899-06-16.  In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
 # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
 #
-# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
+# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
 # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
 # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
 # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
@@ -2612,7 +2965,7 @@ Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
 # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
 # in Swedish):  (type
 # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
-# the Sok-button).
+# the Sök-button).
 #
 # (2001-05-13):
 #
@@ -2627,9 +2980,9 @@ Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
-			1:00:14	-	SET	1900 Jan  1	# Swedish Time
+			1:00:14	-	SET	1900 Jan  1 # Swedish Time
 			1:00	-	CET	1916 May 14 23:00
-			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Oct  1 01:00
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Oct  1  1:00
 			1:00	-	CET	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
@@ -2637,7 +2990,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
 # From Howse:
 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
 # and their performance improved enormously.  Communities began to keep
-# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
+# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
 # Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -2653,7 +3006,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
 # to be wrong. This is now verified.
 #
 # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
-# government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
+# government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
 # federal law collection)...
 #
 # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
@@ -2672,7 +3025,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
 # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
 # a thing had happened in Switzerland.
 #
-# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de
+# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de
 # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
 # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
 # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
@@ -2686,19 +3039,19 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
 # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
 # most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
 # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
-# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not
+# the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not
 # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
 # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
 #
 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
 # The Federal regulations say
 # http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
-# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26'22.50".
+# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50".
 # Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
 
 # From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
-# the "Circulaire du conseil federal" (December 11 1893)
-#  ...
+# the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893)
+# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353
 # clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
 # but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
 # hour before the beginning of service.
@@ -2709,14 +3062,14 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
 # We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
 # except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12.  This book:
 #
-#	Jakob Messerli. Gleichmassig, punktlich, schnell: Zeiteinteilung und
+#	Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und
 #	Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
 #	ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
 #
 # suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
 # agree about civil time during the transition.  The timekeeping it gives the
 # most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
-# "Bundesgesetz uber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
+# "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
 # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859).  On p 72 Messerli writes that in
 # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
@@ -2730,7 +3083,7 @@ Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Mon>=1	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Mon>=1	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
-			0:29:46	-	BMT	1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
+			0:29:46	-	BMT	1894 Jun    # Bern Mean Time
 			1:00	Swiss	CE%sT	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
@@ -2738,7 +3091,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
 
 # From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
 # The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
-# ... The latest rules are available at -
+# ... The latest rules are available at:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
 # I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
@@ -2763,8 +3116,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
 
-# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
-#
+# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
@@ -2777,9 +3129,16 @@ Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
 # Turkish Local election....
 # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
 # ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-02-17):
-# Here is an English-language source:
-# http://www.worldbulletin.net/turkey/129016/turkey-switches-to-daylight-saving-time-march-31
+# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
+# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,
+# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
+# change delay.  Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
+# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
+# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not.  See:
+# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
+# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
+# I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -2846,10 +3205,10 @@ Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1978 Oct 15
 			3:00	Turkey	TR%sT	1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
 			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	2007
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 1:00u
-			2:00	-	EET	2011 Mar 28 1:00u
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2014 Mar 30 1:00u
-			2:00	-	EET	2014 Mar 31 1:00u
+			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  1:00u
+			2:00	-	EET	2011 Mar 28  1:00u
+			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2014 Mar 30  1:00u
+			2:00	-	EET	2014 Mar 31  1:00u
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 Link	Europe/Istanbul	Asia/Istanbul	# Istanbul is in both continents.
 
@@ -2870,7 +3229,7 @@ Link	Europe/Istanbul	Asia/Istanbul	# Istanbul is in both continents.
 # Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
 # approval from 266 deputies.
 #
-# Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian)
+# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
 # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
 #
 # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
@@ -2931,12 +3290,12 @@ Zone Europe/Kiev	2:02:04 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 20
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Nov  6
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990 Jul  1 2:00
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 3:00
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990 Jul  1  2:00
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29  3:00
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
-# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
+# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod	1:29:12 -	LMT	1890 Oct
 			1:00	-	CET	1940
@@ -2944,8 +3303,8 @@ Zone Europe/Uzhgorod	1:29:12 -	LMT	1890 Oct
 			1:00	1:00	CEST	1944 Oct 26
 			1:00	-	CET	1945 Jun 29
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
-			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
-			1:00	-	CET	1991 Mar 31 3:00
+			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1  2:00
+			1:00	-	CET	1991 Mar 31  3:00
 			2:00	-	EET	1992
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
@@ -2959,42 +3318,9 @@ Zone Europe/Zaporozhye	2:20:40 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Aug 25
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Oct 25
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
-# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
-Zone Europe/Simferopol	2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
-			2:16	-	SMT	1924 May  2 # Simferopol Mean T
-			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
-			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Nov
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Apr 13
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
-			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
-			2:00	-	EET	1992
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
-# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
-# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
-# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  Shanks & Pottenger simply say
-# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right.  For now, guess it
-# changed in May.
-			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1994 May
-# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
-			3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996 Mar 31 3:00s
-			3:00	1:00	MSD	1996 Oct 27 3:00s
-# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
-# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1997
-			3:00	-	MSK	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
-# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
-# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
-# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
-# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
-# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2014 Mar 30 2:00
-			4:00	-	MSK
 
 # Vatican City
 # See Europe/Rome.
@@ -3018,7 +3344,7 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol	2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
 # ...
 #
 # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
-# most European coun[tr]ies started DST.  Before that year, only
+# most European countries started DST.  Before that year, only
 # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
 # to own national rules.  In 1981, however, DST started on
 # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
@@ -3026,7 +3352,7 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol	2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
 # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
 # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
 # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
-# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
+# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.
 #
 # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
 # Soviet Union (as far as I know).
diff --git a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/factory b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/factory
index 813d99a1f1f..0a6041db07e 100644
--- a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/factory
+++ b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/factory
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
diff --git a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/iso3166.tab b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/iso3166.tab
index 28fb64b647e..63eadcbd0c5 100644
--- a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/iso3166.tab
+++ b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/iso3166.tab
@@ -26,21 +26,21 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-05-27):
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
+# This file contains a table of two-letter country codes.  Columns are
+# separated by a single tab.  Lines beginning with '#' are comments.
+# Although all text currently uses ASCII encoding, this is planned to
+# change to UTF-8 soon.  The columns of the table are as follows:
 #
-# This file contains a table with the following columns:
 # 1.  ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code, current as of
-#     ISO 3166-1 Newsletter VI-15 (2013-05-10).  See: Updates on ISO 3166
+#     ISO 3166-1 Newsletter VI-16 (2013-07-11).  See: Updates on ISO 3166
 #   http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/country_codes/updates_on_iso_3166.htm
 # 2.  The usual English name for the coded region,
 #     chosen so that alphabetic sorting of subsets produces helpful lists.
 #     This is not the same as the English name in the ISO 3166 tables.
 #
-# Columns are separated by a single tab.
 # The table is sorted by country code.
 #
-# Lines beginning with `#' are comments.
-#
 # This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
 # zone data appropriate for their practical needs.  It is not intended
 # to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
diff --git a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/leapseconds b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/leapseconds
index b423135b942..d38abd6a4bd 100644
--- a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/leapseconds
+++ b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/leapseconds
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# Allowance for leapseconds added to each timezone file.
+# Allowance for leap seconds added to each time zone file.
 
 # This file is in the public domain.
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 # you should be able to pick up leap-seconds.list from a secondary NIST server.
 # For more about leap-seconds.list, please see
 # The NTP Timescale and Leap Seconds
-# .
+# http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/leap.html
 
 # The International Earth Rotation Service periodically uses leap seconds
 # to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1
diff --git a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/northamerica b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/northamerica
index dc0c2e92cff..0dc714aa92d 100644
--- a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/northamerica
+++ b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/northamerica
@@ -21,15 +21,15 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
 
-# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
@@ -78,13 +78,13 @@
 #	to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
 #	them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
 #
-#	-- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
+#	 -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
 #	   Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
 #
 # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
-# Robert Garland's 
-# Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
-# (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
+# Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
+# (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
+# http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
 #
 # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
 # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
@@ -103,11 +103,11 @@
 # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
 # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
 # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
-# An AltaVista search turned up
-# :
+# An AltaVista search turned up:
+# http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html
 # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
 # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.'  Peace is wonderful."
-#  (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
+# (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
 
 # From Joseph Gallant citing
 # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
 # USA  ALASKA STD    9 H  BEHIND UTC    MOST OF ALASKA     (AKST)
 # USA  ALASKA STD    8 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
 # USA  ALEUTIAN     10 H  BEHIND UTC    ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
-# USA  - " -         9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
+# USA    "           9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  HAWAII       10 H  BEHIND UTC
 # USA  BERING       11 H  BEHIND UTC    SAMOA, MIDWAY
 
@@ -258,19 +258,19 @@ Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
 #
 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
-#   (a) Amendment- Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
+#   (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
 #   U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
-#     (1) by striking 'first Sunday of April' and inserting 'second
-#     Sunday of March'; and
-#     (2) by striking 'last Sunday of October' and inserting 'first
+#     (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second
+#     Sunday of March"; and
+#     (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first
 #     Sunday of November'.
-#   (b) Effective Date- Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
+#   (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
 #   date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
-#   (c) Report to Congress- Not later than 9 months after the effective
+#   (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective
 #   date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
 #   on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
 #   States.
-#   (d) Right to Revert- Congress retains the right to revert the
+#   (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the
 #   Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
 #   Department study is complete.
 
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
 # According to today's Huntsville Times
-# 
+# http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1
 # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
 # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
 # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time."  It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
@@ -347,15 +347,15 @@ Rule	Chicago	1955	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Chicago	-5:50:36 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1920
-			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1936 Mar  1 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1936 Nov 15 2:00
+			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1936 Mar  1  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	1936 Nov 15  2:00
 			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1942
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1967
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
 Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
-			-7:00	US	M%sT	1992 Oct 25 02:00
+			-7:00	US	M%sT	1992 Oct 25  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
 # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
@@ -364,29 +364,26 @@ Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
 # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
 # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
 # See .
-Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
-			-7:00	US	M%sT	2003 Oct 26 02:00
+Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
+			-7:00	US	M%sT	2003 Oct 26  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 
 # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
 # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
 # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
 # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
-# 
 # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
-# 
-# 
 # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
-# 
 
 # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
 # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
 # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
 # largest city in Mercer County).  Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
-# at 4715'51" north, 10146'40" west, which yields an offset of 6h47'07".
+# at 47 degrees 15' 51" N, 101 degrees 46' 40" W, which yields an offset
+# of 6h47'07".
 
-Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
-			-7:00	US	M%sT	2010 Nov  7 2:00
+Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
+			-7:00	US	M%sT	2010 Nov  7  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 
 # US mountain time, represented by Denver
@@ -448,15 +445,18 @@ Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
 # was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.)  However, there
 # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
 # it's best to simply use the official transition.
-#
 
-# From Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31):
-# The author lives in Alaska and many of the references listed are only
-# available to Alaskan residents.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
+# One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
+# daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
+# "Welcome to Juneau.  Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
+# See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
+# http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html
 #
-# 
-# http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98
-# 
+# Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
+# Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
+# Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
+# http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
 # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
@@ -482,12 +482,10 @@ Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
 # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
 # Community office (using contact information available at
-# 
 # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
-# ).
 # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
 # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
-# that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no--they were on their
+# that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
 # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
 # did not inquire about practices in the past.
 
@@ -501,9 +499,9 @@ Zone America/Juneau	 15:02:19 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
-			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1980 Apr 27 2:00
-			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1980 Oct 26 2:00
-			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
+			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1980 Apr 27  2:00
+			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1980 Oct 26  2:00
+			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Sitka	 14:58:47 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
@@ -511,7 +509,7 @@ Zone America/Sitka	 14:58:47 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
-			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
+			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Metlakatla	 15:13:42 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
@@ -519,8 +517,8 @@ Zone America/Metlakatla	 15:13:42 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
-			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
-			 -8:00	-	MeST
+			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
+			 -8:00	-	PST
 Zone America/Yakutat	 14:41:05 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -9:18:55 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -9:00	-	YST	1942
@@ -535,7 +533,7 @@ Zone America/Anchorage	 14:00:24 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			-10:00	US	CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
 			-10:00	-	CAT	1967 Apr
 			-10:00	-	AHST	1969
-			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
+			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Nome	 12:58:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
@@ -544,7 +542,7 @@ Zone America/Nome	 12:58:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			-11:00	US	N%sT	1946
 			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr
 			-11:00	-	BST	1969
-			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
+			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
@@ -553,7 +551,7 @@ Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			-11:00	US	N%sT	1946
 			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr
 			-11:00	-	BST	1969
-			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
+			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			-10:00	US	HA%sT
 # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
@@ -571,7 +569,7 @@ Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 #  Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
 #  "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
 #  location not on Alaska Standard Time.  The following resolution was
-#  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson:  Be it
+#  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
 #  resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
 #  Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
 #  January 14, Alaska Standard Time.)  This resolution was passed with
@@ -583,9 +581,7 @@ Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
 # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
 # the article is available at
-# 
 # http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
-# 
 # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
 # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
 # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
@@ -606,7 +602,7 @@ Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
 # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
 # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
-# Hawaii." Page 172:  "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
+# Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
 # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
 # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
 # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
@@ -616,14 +612,14 @@ Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
 # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
 
-Zone Pacific/Honolulu	-10:31:26 -	LMT	1896 Jan 13 12:00 #Schmitt&Cox
-			-10:30	-	HST	1933 Apr 30 2:00 #Laws 1933
-			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1933 May 21 12:00 #Laws 1933+12
-			-10:30	-	HST	1942 Feb 09 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
-			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1945 Sep 30 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
-			-10:30	-	HST	1947 Jun  8 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Honolulu	-10:31:26 -	LMT	1896 Jan 13 12:00
+			-10:30	-	HST	1933 Apr 30  2:00
+			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1933 May 21 12:00
+			-10:30	-	HST	1942 Feb  9  2:00
+			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1945 Sep 30  2:00
+			-10:30	-	HST	1947 Jun  8  2:00
 			-10:00	-	HST
-
 Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
 
 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
@@ -633,9 +629,9 @@ Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
 #
 # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
-# 
-# Daylight Saving Time web page (2002-01-23) maintained by the
-# Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
+# Daylight Saving Time web page
+#  (2002-01-23)
+# maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
 # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
 # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
 # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
@@ -649,10 +645,11 @@ Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
 # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
 # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
 
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Phoenix	-7:28:18 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
-			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Jan  1 00:01
-			-7:00	-	MST	1944 Apr  1 00:01
-			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Oct  1 00:01
+			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Jan  1  0:01
+			-7:00	-	MST	1944 Apr  1  0:01
+			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Oct  1  0:01
 			-7:00	-	MST	1967
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1968 Mar 21
 			-7:00	-	MST
@@ -676,24 +673,22 @@ Zone America/Phoenix	-7:28:18 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Boise	-7:44:49 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
-			-8:00	US	P%sT	1923 May 13 2:00
+			-8:00	US	P%sT	1923 May 13  2:00
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1974
-			-7:00	-	MST	1974 Feb  3 2:00
+			-7:00	-	MST	1974 Feb  3  2:00
 			-7:00	US	M%sT
 
 # Indiana
 #
 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
-# 
-# What time is it in Indiana?
-#  (2006-03-01)
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
 # with the following exceptions:
 #
 # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
-#   Vandenburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
+#   Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
 #
 # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
 #
@@ -712,22 +707,16 @@ Zone America/Boise	-7:44:49 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
 # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
 # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
-# http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html says that Indiana will use DST starting 2006.
-
-# From Nathan Stratton Treadway (2006-03-30):
-# http://www.dot.gov/affairs/dot0406.htm [3705 B]
-# From Deborah Goldsmith (2006-01-18):
-# http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/pdf95/382329_web.pdf [2.9 MB]
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-01-20):
-# It says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):
+# https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
+# says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
 # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
 # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
-# this rule is 2:OO a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
+# this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
 # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
-# Strictly speaking, this means the affected counties will change their
-# clocks twice that night, but this obviously is in error.  The intent
-# is that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
+# Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
+# clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error.  The intent
+# was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
 # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
@@ -739,13 +728,13 @@ Rule Indianapolis 1941	only	-	Jun	22	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Indianapolis 1941	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Indianapolis 1946	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
+Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1920
 			-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT	1942
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
-			-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT	1955 Apr 24 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1957 Sep 29 2:00
-			-6:00	-	CST	1958 Apr 27 2:00
+			-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT	1955 Apr 24  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	1957 Sep 29  2:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	1958 Apr 27  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006
@@ -761,10 +750,10 @@ Rule	Marengo	1954	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1951
-			-6:00	Marengo	C%sT	1961 Apr 30 2:00
+			-6:00	Marengo	C%sT	1961 Apr 30  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6 2:00
-			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27 2:00
+			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6  2:00
+			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1976
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
@@ -785,11 +774,11 @@ Rule Vincennes	1962	1963	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
-			-6:00 Vincennes	C%sT	1964 Apr 26 2:00
+			-6:00 Vincennes	C%sT	1964 Apr 26  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
-			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4 2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
+			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
@@ -806,10 +795,10 @@ Rule Perry	1962	1963	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
-			-6:00 Perry	C%sT	1964 Apr 26 2:00
+			-6:00 Perry	C%sT	1964 Apr 26  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
-			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 #
 # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
@@ -822,11 +811,11 @@ Rule	Pike	1961	1964	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1955
-			-6:00	Pike	C%sT	1965 Apr 25 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1966 Oct 30 2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1977 Oct 30 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4 2:00
+			-6:00	Pike	C%sT	1965 Apr 25  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	1966 Oct 30  2:00
+			-6:00	US	C%sT	1977 Oct 30  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
+			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
@@ -844,10 +833,10 @@ Rule	Starke	1959	1961	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1947
-			-6:00	Starke	C%sT	1962 Apr 29 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1963 Oct 27 2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1991 Oct 27 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
+			-6:00	Starke	C%sT	1962 Apr 29  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	1963 Oct 27  2:00
+			-6:00	US	C%sT	1991 Oct 27  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 #
 # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
@@ -860,17 +849,17 @@ Rule	Pulaski	1957	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
-			-6:00	Pulaski	C%sT	1961 Apr 30 2:00
+			-6:00	Pulaski	C%sT	1961 Apr 30  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
-			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Mar 11 2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
+			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Mar 11  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1954 Apr 25 2:00
+			-6:00	US	C%sT	1954 Apr 25  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1973
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006
@@ -891,18 +880,17 @@ Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1921
 			-6:00 Louisville C%sT	1942
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
-			-6:00 Louisville C%sT	1961 Jul 23 2:00
+			-6:00 Louisville C%sT	1961 Jul 23  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1968
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6 2:00
-			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27 2:00
+			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6  2:00
+			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Wayne County, Kentucky
 #
-# From
-# 
-# Lake Cumberland LIFE
-#  (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
+# From Lake Cumberland LIFE
+# http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml
+# (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
 # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
 # the Central to the Eastern time zone....  The Wayne County government made
 # the same request in December.  And while Russell County officials have not
@@ -919,9 +907,8 @@ Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
 # The final rule was published in the
-# 
-# Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), page 50154-50158.
-# 
+# Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158.
+# http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22
 #
 Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
@@ -946,9 +933,8 @@ Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
 # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
 # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
 # 1999-10-31.  See the
-# 
-# Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), page 56705-56707.
-# 
+# Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707.
+# http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15
 # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
 # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
 # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
@@ -986,12 +972,12 @@ Rule	Detroit	1967	only	-	Jun	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Detroit	1967	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Detroit	-5:32:11 -	LMT	1905
-			-6:00	-	CST	1915 May 15 2:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	1915 May 15  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1942
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1946
 			-5:00	Detroit	E%sT	1973
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1975
-			-5:00	-	EST	1975 Apr 27 2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	1975 Apr 27  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
@@ -1004,8 +990,8 @@ Rule Menominee	1966	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
-			-6:00 Menominee	C%sT	1969 Apr 27 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1973 Apr 29 2:00
+			-6:00 Menominee	C%sT	1969 Apr 27  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	1973 Apr 29  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 
 # Navassa
@@ -1042,9 +1028,9 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 #	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
 #	which I found in the UCLA library.
 #
-#	
 #	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
-#	 (1914-03)
+#	
+#	[PDF] (1914-03)
 #
 #	Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
 #	.
@@ -1053,11 +1039,11 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 
 # Canada
 
-# From Alain LaBont (1994-11-14):
+# From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14):
 # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
 # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
 #
-#	UTC	Standard time	Daylight savings time
+#	UTC	Standard time	Daylight saving time
 #	offset	French	English	French	English
 #	-2:30	-	-	HAT	NDT
 #	-3	-	-	HAA	ADT
@@ -1070,7 +1056,7 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 #	-9	HNY	YST	-	-
 #
 #	HN: Heure Normale	ST: Standard Time
-#	HA: Heure Avance	DT: Daylight saving Time
+#	HA: Heure Avancée	DT: Daylight saving Time
 #
 #	A: de l'Atlantique	Atlantic
 #	C: du Centre		Central
@@ -1085,7 +1071,7 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
 
-# Unless otherwise specified, the data for Canada are all from Shanks
+# Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks
 # & Pottenger.
 
 # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
@@ -1134,15 +1120,15 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
-# 
 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
-#  contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
+# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
+# contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
 # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
 #
-# INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has 
+# INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has
 # information about standard and daylight saving time zones in Canada.
-#  (updated periodically).
+# http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/time_services/daylight_saving_e.php
+# (updated periodically).
 # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
@@ -1151,9 +1137,7 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 
 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
 # In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
-# 
 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
-# 
 # she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
 # The quote includes these two statements:
 # 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
@@ -1221,9 +1205,7 @@ Rule	StJohns	1960	1986	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
 # now occurs at 2:00AM.
 # ...
-# 
 # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
-# 
 # ...
 # MICHAEL PELLEY  |  Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
 # Office of the Chief Information Officer
@@ -1259,7 +1241,7 @@ Zone America/Goose_Bay	-4:01:40 -	LMT	1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
 			-3:30	-	NST	1936
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1942 May 11
 			-3:30	Canada	N%sT	1946
-			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1966 Mar 15 2:00
+			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1966 Mar 15  2:00
 			-4:00	StJohns	A%sT	2011 Nov
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
 
@@ -1320,7 +1302,7 @@ Rule	Halifax	1962	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Zone America/Halifax	-4:14:24 -	LMT	1902 Jun 15
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1918
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1919
-			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
+			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1946
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1974
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
@@ -1379,7 +1361,7 @@ Zone America/Moncton	-4:19:08 -	LMT	1883 Dec  9
 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
 # The Quebec department of justice writes in
-# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Cote-Nord"
+# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
 # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
 # that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
 # observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
@@ -1387,7 +1369,6 @@ Zone America/Moncton	-4:19:08 -	LMT	1883 Dec  9
 # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
-# for post-1970 data America/Puerto_Rico.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	1:00	D
@@ -1401,18 +1382,10 @@ Rule	Mont	1922	only	-	Apr	30	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1924	only	-	May	17	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1924	1926	-	Sep	lastSun	2:30	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1925	1926	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-# The 1927-to-1937 rules can be expressed more simply as
-# Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Apr	lastSat	24:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Sep	lastSat	24:00	0	S
-# The rules below avoid use of 24:00
-# (which pre-1998 versions of zic cannot handle).
-Rule	Mont	1927	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1927	1932	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1928	1931	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1932	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1933	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1933	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1934	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Apr	lastSat	24:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Sep	lastSat	24:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1938	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1946	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1945	1948	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1949	1950	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
@@ -1426,7 +1399,7 @@ Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 -	LMT	1884
 Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
 			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1918
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1919
-			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
+			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1946
 			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1974
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
@@ -1448,7 +1421,7 @@ Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
 # have already done so.  In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
 # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
 # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
-# only two weeks -- I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
+# only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
 # presumably that should be -07-06.  (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
 # earlier in June).
 #
@@ -1458,10 +1431,8 @@ Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
-# He also writes that the
-# 
-# Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
-# 
+# He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
+# http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
@@ -1540,9 +1511,7 @@ Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
 # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
 # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
 # was available at
-# 
 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
-# 
 #
 # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
 #
@@ -1553,26 +1522,26 @@ Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
 # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
 # for the other provinces only approximate:
 #
-# 	Province	Daylight saving time used
+#	Province	Daylight saving time used
 # Prince Edward Island	Not used.
 # Nova Scotia		In Halifax only.
 # New Brunswick		In St. John only.
 # Quebec		In the following places:
-# 			Montreal	Lachine
-# 			Quebec		Mont-Royal
-# 			Levis		Iberville
-# 			St. Lambert	Cap de la Madeleine
-# 			Verdun		Loretteville
-# 			Westmount	Richmond
-# 			Outremont	St. Jerome
-# 			Longueuil	Greenfield Park
-# 			Arvida		Waterloo
-# 			Chambly-Canton	Beaulieu
-# 			Melbourne	La Tuque
-# 			St. Theophile	Buckingham
+#			Montreal	Lachine
+#			Quebec		Mont-Royal
+#			Lévis		Iberville
+#			St. Lambert	Cap de la Madelèine
+#			Verdun		Loretteville
+#			Westmount	Richmond
+#			Outremont	St. Jérôme
+#			Longueuil	Greenfield Park
+#			Arvida		Waterloo
+#			Chambly-Canton	Beaulieu
+#			Melbourne	La Tuque
+#			St. Théophile	Buckingham
 # Ontario		Used generally in the cities and towns along
-# 			the southerly part of the province. Not
-# 			used in the northwesterlhy part.
+#			the southerly part of the province. Not
+#			used in the northwesterly part.
 # Manitoba		Not used.
 # Saskatchewan		In Regina only.
 # Alberta		Not used.
@@ -1641,7 +1610,7 @@ Rule	Toronto	1957	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Toronto	-5:17:32 -	LMT	1895
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1919
-			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
+			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1946
 			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1974
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
@@ -1654,16 +1623,16 @@ Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 -	LMT	1895
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 Zone America/Nipigon	-5:53:04 -	LMT	1895
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1940 Sep 29
-			-5:00	1:00	EDT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
+			-5:00	1:00	EDT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 -	LMT	1895
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1940 Sep 29
-			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
+			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 Zone America/Atikokan	-6:06:28 -	LMT	1895
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1940 Sep 29
-			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1945 Sep 30 2:00
+			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
+			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1945 Sep 30  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 
@@ -1676,7 +1645,7 @@ Zone America/Atikokan	-6:06:28 -	LMT	1895
 # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
 # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
 # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
-# I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had =
+# I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had
 # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
 # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
 # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
@@ -1799,12 +1768,12 @@ Rule	Swift	1959	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Swift	1960	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Regina	-6:58:36 -	LMT	1905 Sep
-			-7:00	Regina	M%sT	1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
+			-7:00	Regina	M%sT	1960 Apr lastSun  2:00
 			-6:00	-	CST
 Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 -	LMT	1905 Sep
-			-7:00	Canada	M%sT	1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
+			-7:00	Canada	M%sT	1946 Apr lastSun  2:00
 			-7:00	Regina	M%sT	1950
-			-7:00	Swift	M%sT	1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
+			-7:00	Swift	M%sT	1972 Apr lastSun  2:00
 			-6:00	-	CST
 
 
@@ -1854,9 +1823,7 @@ Zone America/Edmonton	-7:33:52 -	LMT	1906 Sep
 # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
 # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
 # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
-# 
 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
-# 
 # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
 # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
 # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
@@ -1864,18 +1831,16 @@ Zone America/Edmonton	-7:33:52 -	LMT	1906 Sep
 # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
 # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain.  I e-mailed Tammy a few months
 # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess.  She said it was just
-# as plausible as any other date (in June).  She also said that after writing the
-# article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the subject
-# of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
-# 
+# as plausible as any other date (in June).  She also said that after writing
+# the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
+# subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
 # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
-# 
 
 # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
 # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
 # Exact date unknown
 # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
-# Exact date in October unknown;  Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
+# Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
 # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
 # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
 # note#1:
@@ -1888,9 +1853,7 @@ Zone America/Edmonton	-7:33:52 -	LMT	1906 Sep
 # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
 # (UTC-7) forever.
 # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
-# 
 # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
-# 
 
 # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
 # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
@@ -1917,7 +1880,7 @@ Zone America/Vancouver	-8:12:28 -	LMT	1884
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
 Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -	LMT	1884
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT	1947
-			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1972 Aug 30 2:00
+			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1972 Aug 30  2:00
 			-7:00	-	MST
 Zone America/Creston	-7:46:04 -	LMT	1884
 			-7:00	-	MST	1916 Oct 1
@@ -1944,18 +1907,17 @@ Zone America/Creston	-7:46:04 -	LMT	1884
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
-# 
 # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
-# 
+# http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html
 #
 # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
 # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
 # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
-# 
 # Basic Facts: The New Territory
-#  (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
+# http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html
+# (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
 # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST.  We don't know when
 # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
 
@@ -1983,8 +1945,8 @@ Zone America/Creston	-7:46:04 -	LMT	1884
 # the current state of affairs.
 
 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
-# 
-# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
+# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
+# http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html
 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
 # for municipal offices and schools....  Igloolik [was similar but then]
@@ -2002,10 +1964,8 @@ Zone America/Creston	-7:46:04 -	LMT	1884
 # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
 # required to use daylight savings.
 
-# From
-# 
-# Nunavut now has two time zones
-#  (2000-11-10):
+# From 
+# Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10):
 # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
 # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
 # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
@@ -2096,9 +2056,7 @@ Zone America/Creston	-7:46:04 -	LMT	1884
 # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
 # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
 # Aziz:
-# 
 # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
-# 
 #
 # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
 # Eastern Standard Time.
@@ -2136,47 +2094,47 @@ Rule	NT_YK	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # aka Panniqtuuq
 Zone America/Pangnirtung 0	-	zzz	1921 # trading post est.
-			-4:00	NT_YK	A%sT	1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
-			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
+			-4:00	NT_YK	A%sT	1995 Apr Sun>=1  2:00
+			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
+			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 # formerly Frobisher Bay
 Zone America/Iqaluit	0	-	zzz	1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
-			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
+			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
+			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 # aka Qausuittuq
 Zone America/Resolute	0	-	zzz	1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
-			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1 3:00
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2006 Oct 29 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	2007 Mar 11 3:00
+			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
+			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2006 Oct 29  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	2007 Mar 11  3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 # aka Kangiqiniq
 Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0	-	zzz	1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
-			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1 3:00
+			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
 Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0	-	zzz	1920 # trading post est.?
-			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	2000 Nov  5 0:00
-			-6:00	-	CST	2001 Apr  1 3:00
+			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
+			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	2000 Nov  5  0:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
 Zone America/Yellowknife 0	-	zzz	1935 # Yellowknife founded?
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
 Zone America/Inuvik	0	-	zzz	1953 # Inuvik founded
-			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
+			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1979 Apr lastSun  2:00
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
 Zone America/Whitehorse	-9:00:12 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
-			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1966 Jul 1 2:00
+			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1966 Jul  1  2:00
 			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1980
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
 Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
-			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1973 Oct 28 0:00
+			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1973 Oct 28  0:00
 			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1980
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
 
@@ -2188,9 +2146,8 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
 # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
 # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
-# 
 # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
-# .
+# http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/
 #
 # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
 # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
@@ -2235,9 +2192,8 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
 # For an English translation of the decree, see
-# 
 # "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
-# 
+# http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html
 
 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
@@ -2249,7 +2205,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
 # Arizona year round.
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard, translating
+# From Jesper Nørgaard, translating
 #  (2001-01-17):
 # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
 # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
@@ -2262,7 +2218,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
 # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
 # this year....
-# 
+# http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001
 # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
 # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
 
@@ -2270,23 +2226,22 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
 # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
 # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
-# ... Mexico City Mayor Lopez Obrador "...is threatening to keep
+# ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep
 # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
-# the rest of the country..." In particular, Lopez Obrador would abolish
+# the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish
 # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
 
-# 
 # Official statute published by the Energy Department
-#  (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
-# and Sonora with no DST.  This was reported by Jesper Norgaard (2001-02-03).
+# http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre
+# (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
+# and Sonora with no DST.  This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
 #
-# 
+# http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html
 # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
-# 
 # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
-# * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador decreed that
+# * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
 #   the Federal District will not adopt DST.
 # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
 # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
@@ -2294,7 +2249,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 #
 # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard (2001-04-01):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01):
 # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
 # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
 # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
@@ -2303,7 +2258,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
 # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
 # September 30, 2001.
-# References: "Diario de Monterrey" 
+# References: "Diario de Monterrey" 
 # Palabra  (2001-03-31)
 
 # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
@@ -2315,7 +2270,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
 # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
 # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
 # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
@@ -2329,48 +2284,36 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # > the United States.
 # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
 # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
-# 
 # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
-# 
-# 
 # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
-# 
 # (Spanish)
 #
 # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
-# 
 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
-# 
 # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
 #
 # There is also a list of the votes here:
-# 
 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
-# 
 #
 # Our page:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
-# 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
 # The page
-# 
 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
-# 
 # includes this text:
 # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
-# Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
-# Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
-# Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
-# desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
+# Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
+# Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
+# Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
+# desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
 # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
 # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
-# fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
-# internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
-# kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
-# interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
-# efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
+# fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
+# internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
+# kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
+# interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
+# efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
 # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -2389,39 +2332,39 @@ Rule	Mexico	2001	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	2002	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	2002	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-# Quintana Roo
+# Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
 Zone America/Cancun	-5:47:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:12:56
 			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
 			-5:00	Mexico	E%sT	1998 Aug  2  2:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
-# Campeche, Yucatan
+# Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
 Zone America/Merida	-5:58:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:01:32
 			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
 			-5:00	-	EST	1982 Dec  2
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
-# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (near US border)
+# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
 Zone America/Matamoros	-6:40:00 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1988
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2010
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
-# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
+# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
 Zone America/Monterrey	-6:41:16 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
 			-6:00	-	CST	1988
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Central Mexico
-Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1 0:23:24
+Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:23:24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
-			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2001 Sep 30 02:00
+			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2001 Sep 30  2:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	2002 Feb 20
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Chihuahua (near US border)
-Zone America/Ojinaga	-6:57:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan 1 0:02:20
+Zone America/Ojinaga	-6:57:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:02:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
@@ -2429,7 +2372,7 @@ Zone America/Ojinaga	-6:57:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan 1 0:02:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1996
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1998
-			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010
 			-7:00	US	M%sT
 # Chihuahua (away from US border)
@@ -2441,7 +2384,7 @@ Zone America/Chihuahua	-7:04:20 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1996
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1998
-			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
 # Sonora
 Zone America/Hermosillo	-7:23:52 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
@@ -2457,42 +2400,33 @@ Zone America/Hermosillo	-7:23:52 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
 			-7:00	-	MST
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
-# According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
+# According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
 # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
 # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
 #
 # (Spanish)
-# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
-# país, a partir de este domingo
-# 
+# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
+# país, a partir de este domingo
 # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
-# 
 #
-# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
-# País
-# 
-# http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50"
-# 
+# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
+# País
+# http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50
 #
 # (English)
-# Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
-# 
+# Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
 # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
-# 
-#
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
-# 
 #
 # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
-# will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
+# will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
 # zone ..."
 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
 # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
 
+# Mazatlán
 Zone America/Mazatlan	-7:05:40 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
@@ -2504,6 +2438,7 @@ Zone America/Mazatlan	-7:05:40 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
 			-8:00	-	PST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
 
+# Bahía de Banderas
 Zone America/Bahia_Banderas	-7:01:00 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
@@ -2513,7 +2448,7 @@ Zone America/Bahia_Banderas	-7:01:00 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1970
-			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010 Apr 4 2:00
+			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010 Apr  4  2:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 
 # Baja California (near US border)
@@ -2560,7 +2495,7 @@ Zone America/Santa_Isabel	-7:39:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:20:32
 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
 # through 1995.  This was as per Shanks (1999).  But Shanks & Pottenger say
 # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975.  Guy Harris reports
-# that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicale, San Felipe and
+# that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and
 # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
 # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then.  This concerns
 # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
@@ -2573,7 +2508,7 @@ Zone America/Santa_Isabel	-7:39:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:20:32
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Anguilla
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # Antigua and Barbuda
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -2609,8 +2544,8 @@ Rule	Barb	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Barb	1979	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Barb	1980	only	-	Sep	25	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Barbados	-3:58:29 -	LMT	1924		# Bridgetown
-			-3:58:29 -	BMT	1932	  # Bridgetown Mean Time
+Zone America/Barbados	-3:58:29 -	LMT	1924 # Bridgetown
+			-3:58:29 -	BMT	1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
 			-4:00	Barb	A%sT
 
 # Belize
@@ -2640,20 +2575,20 @@ Zone	America/Belize	-5:52:48 -	LMT	1912 Apr
 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/Bermuda	-4:19:18 -	LMT	1930 Jan  1 2:00    # Hamilton
-			-4:00	-	AST	1974 Apr 28 2:00
+Zone Atlantic/Bermuda	-4:19:18 -	LMT	1930 Jan  1  2:00 # Hamilton
+			-4:00	-	AST	1974 Apr 28  2:00
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1976
 			-4:00	US	A%sT
 
 # Cayman Is
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890		# Georgetown
-			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
+Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890     # Georgetown
+			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 # Costa Rica
 
-# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San Jose mean time; round to nearest.
+# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
@@ -2663,10 +2598,10 @@ Rule	CR	1991	1992	-	Jan	Sat>=15	0:00	1:00	D
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	CR	1991	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	CR	1992	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	0	S
-# There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
+# There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
-			-5:36:13 -	SJMT	1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
+Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890        # San José
+			-5:36:13 -	SJMT	1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
 			-6:00	CR	C%sT
 # Coco
 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
@@ -2685,8 +2620,8 @@ Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
 # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
 # Time today."  (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
-# sleep on 1999-03-28--when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
-# to DST--and one more hour on 1999-04-04--when the announcers will have
+# sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
+# to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have
 # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
@@ -2708,16 +2643,16 @@ Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 # adjustment in Cuba.  We will stay in daylight saving time:
 # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
 # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
 # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
 # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
-# watches should be set back one hour -- going back to 00:00 hours -- returning
+# watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning
 # to the normal schedule....
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
-# http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html, dated yesterday,
+# , dated yesterday,
 # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
 # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
 # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
@@ -2731,10 +2666,10 @@ Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
 # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
 #
-# From Alex Kryvenishev (2007-10-25):
+# From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25):
 # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
 #
-# [Regira] el Horario Normal desde el [proximo] domingo 28 de octubre
+# Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre
 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
 #
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
@@ -2742,23 +2677,18 @@ Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
 # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
 # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
-# 
 # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
-# , a Cuban information station, and heard
+# a Cuban information station, and heard
 # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
 # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
 # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
 # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
-# 
 # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
-# 
 #
 # Some more background information is posted here:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
-# 
 #
 # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
 # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
@@ -2768,18 +2698,14 @@ Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 # change some historic records as well.
 #
 # One example:
-# 
 # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
-# 
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
 # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
 # web site, the Granma.  Please check out
-# 
 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
-# 
 #
-# Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsens information, the change
+# Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change
 # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
@@ -2790,18 +2716,14 @@ Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
 # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
 #
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
 # (in Spanish)
-# 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
 # I listened over the Internet to
-# 
 # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
-# 
 # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
-# the time was announced as "diez cinco"--the same time as here, indicating
+# the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating
 # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
@@ -2810,42 +2732,30 @@ Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 # changed at all).
 #
 # Source:
-# 
 # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
-# 
 #
 # Our info:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
-# 
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
 # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
 # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
 #
 # One source (Spanish)
-# 
 # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
-# 
 #
 # Our page:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
-# 
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
 # According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
 # 31 and April 1.
 #
 # Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
-# 
 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
-# 
 #
 # Our info on it:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
 # Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
@@ -2901,7 +2811,7 @@ Zone	America/Havana	-5:29:28 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:00	Cuba	C%sT
 
 # Dominica
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # Dominican Republic
 
@@ -2934,8 +2844,8 @@ Rule	DR	1972	1974	-	Jan	21	0:00	0	S
 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:40	-	SDMT	1933 Apr  1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
 			-5:00	DR	E%sT	1974 Oct 27
-			-4:00	-	AST	2000 Oct 29 02:00
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	2000 Dec  3 01:00
+			-4:00	-	AST	2000 Oct 29  2:00
+			-5:00	US	E%sT	2000 Dec  3  1:00
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # El Salvador
@@ -2946,20 +2856,20 @@ Rule	Salv	1987	1988	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
 # instead of America/San_Salvador.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -	LMT	1921		# San Salvador
+Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -	LMT	1921 # San Salvador
 			-6:00	Salv	C%sT
 
 # Grenada
 # Guadeloupe
-# St Barthelemy
+# St Barthélemy
 # St Martin (French part)
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # Guatemala
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
 # Diario Co Latino, at
-# http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079,
+# ,
 # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
 # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
 # impact of the elevated cost of oil....  Daylight saving time will last from
@@ -2967,7 +2877,7 @@ Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -	LMT	1921		# San Salvador
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
 # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
 # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00.  See
-# .
+# http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Guat	1973	only	-	Nov	25	0:00	1:00	D
@@ -2984,11 +2894,10 @@ Zone America/Guatemala	-6:02:04 -	LMT	1918 Oct 5
 
 # Haiti
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
-# Risto O. Nykanen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
-# I searched for confirmation, and I found a
-#  press release
+# Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
+# I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release
 # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
-# .  Translated from French, it says:
+# .  Translated from French, it says:
 #
 #  "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
 #   and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
@@ -3065,14 +2974,14 @@ Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -	LMT	1890
 #  that Manuel Zelaya, the president
 # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
 # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
 # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
-# Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08)
-# .
+# Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08).
+# http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12
 # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
@@ -3100,22 +3009,22 @@ Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -	LMT	1921 Apr
 # unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
 # island".  Go with Milne.  Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Jamaica	-5:07:11 -	LMT	1890		# Kingston
+Zone	America/Jamaica	-5:07:11 -	LMT	1890        # Kingston
 			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
-			-5:00	-	EST	1974 Apr 28 2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	1974 Apr 28  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1984
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 # Martinique
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Martinique	-4:04:20 -      LMT	1890		# Fort-de-France
-			-4:04:20 -	FFMT	1911 May     # Fort-de-France MT
+Zone America/Martinique	-4:04:20 -      LMT	1890        # Fort-de-France
+			-4:04:20 -	FFMT	1911 May    # Fort-de-France MT
 			-4:00	-	AST	1980 Apr  6
 			-4:00	1:00	ADT	1980 Sep 28
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Montserrat
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # Nicaragua
 #
@@ -3138,27 +3047,27 @@ Zone America/Martinique	-4:04:20 -      LMT	1890		# Fort-de-France
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
 # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
 # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
-# and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish):  "The last
+# and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
 # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
-# during the Arnoldo Aleman administration."...
+# during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
 # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
 # since December 1998.  I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
 # changes in 2000.  Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
 # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
 #
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
 # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
 # (2005-09-26)
 #
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
 # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
 # (my informal translation)
-# By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolanos, Nicaragua
+# By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
 # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
-# morning, and will stay that way until 30.th. of september.
+# morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
 #
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
 # My informal translation runs:
 # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
@@ -3176,7 +3085,7 @@ Zone	America/Managua	-5:45:08 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:45:12 -	MMT	1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
 			-6:00	-	CST	1973 May
 			-5:00	-	EST	1975 Feb 16
-			-6:00	Nic	C%sT	1992 Jan  1 4:00
+			-6:00	Nic	C%sT	1992 Jan  1  4:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1992 Sep 24
 			-6:00	-	CST	1993
 			-5:00	-	EST	1997
@@ -3185,36 +3094,36 @@ Zone	America/Managua	-5:45:08 -	LMT	1890
 # Panama
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Panama	-5:18:08 -	LMT	1890
-			-5:19:36 -	CMT	1908 Apr 22   # Colon Mean Time
+			-5:19:36 -	CMT	1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 # Puerto Rico
 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -	LMT	1899 Mar 28 12:00    # San Juan
+Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -	LMT	1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
 			-4:00	-	AST	1942 May  3
 			-4:00	US	A%sT	1946
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # St Kitts-Nevis
 # St Lucia
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # St Pierre and Miquelon
 # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 May 15	# St Pierre
+Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 May 15 # St Pierre
 			-4:00	-	AST	1980 May
 			-3:00	-	PMST	1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
 			-3:00	Canada	PM%sT
 
 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # Turks and Caicos
 #
 # From Chris Dunn in
-# 
+# http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007
 # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
 # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
 # the recent U.S. change of dates.
@@ -3227,21 +3136,23 @@ Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 May 15	# St Pierre
 # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
 # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-01):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say they use US DST rules, but IATA SSIM (1991/1998)
-# says they switch at midnight.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
+# The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UTC-4 year-round.  See:
+# http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
+# Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST on 2014-11-02 at 02:00.
 #
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	TC	1979	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	TC	1979	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	TC	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	TC	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	TC	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Grand_Turk	-4:44:32 -	LMT	1890
-			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
-			-5:00	TC	E%sT
+			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
+			-5:00	-	EST	1979
+			-5:00	US	E%sT	2014 Nov  2  2:00
+			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # British Virgin Is
 # Virgin Is
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+
+
+# Local Variables:
+# coding: utf-8
+# End:
diff --git a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/pacificnew b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/pacificnew
index 09000c3457a..9b9257a45fe 100644
--- a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/pacificnew
+++ b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/pacificnew
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
diff --git a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/southamerica b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/southamerica
index 02bf3bb6332..398ec0e4f06 100644
--- a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/southamerica
+++ b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/southamerica
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
-# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 #
 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
-# .
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
+# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
@@ -53,24 +53,24 @@
 #	I suggest the use of _Summer time_ instead of the more cumbersome
 #	_daylight-saving time_.  _Summer time_ seems to be in general use
 #	in Europe and South America.
-#	-- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
+#	-- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
 #	H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
 #
 # Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
 # for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
-# "summer time".  Reinaldo Goulart, a Sao Paulo businessman active in
+# "summer time".  Reinaldo Goulart, a São Paulo businessman active in
 # the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
 #	The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
-#	Brazil.  Let's say that "the Brasilia time" is considered the
-#	"official time" because Brasilia is the capital city.
-#	The other three time zones are called "Brasilia time "minus one" or
+#	Brazil.  Let's say that "the Brasília time" is considered the
+#	"official time" because Brasília is the capital city.
+#	The other three time zones are called "Brasília time "minus one" or
 #	"plus one" or "plus two".  As far as I know there is no such
 #	name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
 # So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #		std	dst
 #	-2:00	FNT	FNST	Fernando de Noronha
-#	-3:00	BRT	BRST	Brasilia
+#	-3:00	BRT	BRST	Brasília
 #	-4:00	AMT	AMST	Amazon
 #	-5:00	ACT	ACST	Acre
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
 # Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
 # Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974.  Switches at midnight.
 
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-199):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-19):
 # ARGENTINA           3 H BEHIND   UTC
 
 # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ Rule	Arg	1988	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
 # These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
 # obtaining the data from the:
-# Talleres de Hidrografia Naval Argentina
+# Talleres de Hidrografía Naval Argentina
 # (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
 Rule	Arg	1989	1993	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1989	1992	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -140,13 +140,13 @@ Rule	Arg	1999	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	2000	only	-	Mar	3	0:00	0	-
 #
 # From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
-# We just checked with our Sao Paulo office and they say the government of
+# We just checked with our São Paulo office and they say the government of
 # Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
 # So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
 #
-# From Fabian L. Arce Jofre (2000-04-04):
+# From Fabián L. Arce Jofré (2000-04-04):
 # The law that claimed DST for Argentina was derogated by President Fernando
-# de la Rua on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
+# de la Rúa on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
 # in the winter time, rather than less.  The change took effect on March 3.
 #
 # From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06):
@@ -179,15 +179,13 @@ Rule	Arg	2000	only	-	Mar	3	0:00	0	-
 # that Argentina will use DST next year as well, from October to
 # March, although exact rules are not given.
 #
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-12-26)
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-12-26)
 # The last hurdle of Argentina DST is over, the proposal was approved in
-# the lower chamber too (Deputados) with a vote 192 for and 2 against.
+# the lower chamber too (Diputados) with a vote 192 for and 2 against.
 # By the way thanks to Mariano Absatz and Daniel Mario Vega for the link to
 # the original scanned proposal, where the dates and the zero hours are
 # clear and unambiguous...This is the article about final approval:
-# 
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/nota.asp?nota_id=973996
-# 
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-12-22):
 # For dates after mid-2008, the following rules are my guesses and
@@ -197,13 +195,8 @@ Rule	Arg	2000	only	-	Mar	3	0:00	0	-
 # As per message from Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz (Nicaragua),
 # Argentina will start DST on Sunday October 19, 2008.
 #
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina03.html
-# 
-# OR
-# 
 # http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=57832 (in spanish)
-# 
 
 # From Rodrigo Severo (2008-10-06):
 # Here is some info available at a Gentoo bug related to TZ on Argentina's DST:
@@ -212,48 +205,39 @@ Rule	Arg	2000	only	-	Mar	3	0:00	0	-
 # Hi, there is a problem with timezone-data-2008e and maybe with
 # timezone-data-2008f
 # Argentinian law [Number] 25.155 is no longer valid.
-# 
 # http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/60000-64999/60036/norma.htm
-# 
 # The new one is law [Number] 26.350
-# 
 # http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/135000-139999/136191/norma.htm
-# 
 # So there is no summer time in Argentina for now.
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2008-10-20):
-# Decree 1693/2008 applies Law 26.350 for the summer 2008/2009 establishing DST in Argentina
-# From 2008-10-19 until 2009-03-15
-# 
+# Decree 1693/2008 applies Law 26.350 for the summer 2008/2009 establishing DST
+# in Argentina from 2008-10-19 until 2009-03-15.
 # http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=16102008&pi=3&pf=4&s=0&sec=01
-# 
 #
-# Decree 1705/2008 excepting 12 Provinces from applying DST in the summer 2008/2009:
-# Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, La Pampa, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz
-# and Tierra del Fuego
-# 
+
+# Decree 1705/2008 excepting 12 Provinces from applying DST in the summer
+# 2008/2009: Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, La
+# Pampa, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego
 # http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=17102008&pi=1&pf=1&s=0&sec=01
-# 
 #
-# Press release 235 dated Saturday October 18th, from the Government of the Province of Jujuy saying
-# it will not apply DST either (even when it was not included in Decree 1705/2008)
-# 
+# Press release 235 dated Saturday October 18th, from the Government of the
+# Province of Jujuy saying it will not apply DST either (even when it was not
+# included in Decree 1705/2008).
 # http://www.jujuy.gov.ar/index2/partes_prensa/18_10_08/235-181008.doc
-# 
 
 # From fullinet (2009-10-18):
 # As announced in
-# 
 # http://www.argentina.gob.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=356
-# 
-# (an official .gob.ar) under title: "Sin Cambio de Hora" (english: "No hour change")
+# (an official .gob.ar) under title: "Sin Cambio de Hora"
+# (English: "No hour change").
 #
-# "Por el momento, el Gobierno Nacional resolvio no modificar la hora
-# oficial, decision que estaba en estudio para su implementacion el
-# domingo 18 de octubre. Desde el Ministerio de Planificacion se anuncio
-# que la Argentina hoy, en estas condiciones meteorologicas, no necesita
-# la modificacion del huso horario, ya que 2009 nos encuentra con
-# crecimiento en la produccion y distribucion energetica."
+# "Por el momento, el Gobierno Nacional resolvió no modificar la hora
+# oficial, decisión que estaba en estudio para su implementación el
+# domingo 18 de octubre. Desde el Ministerio de Planificación se anunció
+# que la Argentina hoy, en estas condiciones meteorológicas, no necesita
+# la modificación del huso horario, ya que 2009 nos encuentra con
+# crecimiento en la producción y distribución energética."
 
 Rule	Arg	2007	only	-	Dec	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	2008	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
@@ -267,10 +251,10 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # It's Law No. 7,210.  This change is due to a public power emergency, so for
 # now we'll assume it's for this year only.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# 
-# Hora de verano para la Republica Argentina (2003-06-08)
-#  says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-09):
+# Hora de verano para la República Argentina
+# http://buenasiembra.com.ar/esoterismo/astrologia/hora-de-verano-de-la-republica-argentina-27.html
+# says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
 # to 1920-05-01 was -4:16:48.25.  Go with this more-precise value
 # over Shanks & Pottenger.
 #
@@ -285,10 +269,10 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # time in October 17th.
 #
 # Catamarca, Chubut, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz,
-# Tierra del Fuego, Tucuman.
+# Tierra del Fuego, Tucumán.
 #
 # From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-14):
-# ... this weekend, the Province of Tucuman decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
+# ... this weekend, the Province of Tucumán decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
 # yesterday midnight (that is, at 24:00 Saturday 12th), since the people's
 # annoyance with the change is much higher than the power savings obtained....
 #
@@ -323,49 +307,38 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # Here are articles that Argentina Province San Luis is planning to end DST
 # as earlier as upcoming Monday January 21, 2008 or February 2008:
 #
-# Provincia argentina retrasa reloj y marca diferencia con resto del pais
+# Provincia argentina retrasa reloj y marca diferencia con resto del país
 # (Argentine Province delayed clock and mark difference with the rest of the
 # country)
-# 
 # http://cl.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200801171849_EFE_ET4373&idtel
-# 
 #
 # Es inminente que en San Luis atrasen una hora los relojes
 # (It is imminent in San Luis clocks one hour delay)
-# 
-# http://www.lagaceta.com.ar/vernotae.asp?id_nota=253414
-# 
-#
-# 
+# http://www.lagaceta.com.ar/nota/253414/Economia/Es-inminente-que-en-San-Luis-atrasen-una-hora-los-relojes.html
 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_argentina02.html
-# 
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-01-18):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-18):
 # The page of the San Luis provincial government
-# 
 # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=0&id=22812
-# 
 # confirms what Alex Krivenyshev has earlier sent to the tz
 # emailing list about that San Luis plans to return to standard
 # time much earlier than the rest of the country. It also
 # confirms that upon request the provinces San Juan and Mendoza
 # refused to follow San Luis in this change.
 #
-# The change is supposed to take place Monday the 21.st at 0:00
+# The change is supposed to take place Monday the 21st at 0:00
 # hours. As far as I understand it if this goes ahead, we need
 # a new timezone for San Luis (although there are also documented
 # independent changes in the southamerica file of San Luis in
 # 1990 and 1991 which has not been confirmed).
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-01-25):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-25):
 # Unfortunately the below page has become defunct, about the San Luis
 # time change. Perhaps because it now is part of a group of pages "Most
 # important pages of 2008."
 #
 # You can use
-# 
 # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=8141&id=22834
-# 
 # instead it seems. Or use "Buscador" from the main page of the San Luis
 # government, and fill in "huso" and click OK, and you will get 3 pages
 # from which the first one is identical to the above.
@@ -385,9 +358,9 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # back in 2004, when these provinces changed to UTC-4 for a few days, I
 # mailed them personally and never got an answer).
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
-# Unless otherwise specified, data are from Shanks & Pottenger through 1992,
-# from the IATA otherwise.  As noted below, Shanks & Pottenger say that
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
+# Unless otherwise specified, data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger through
+# 1992, from the IATA otherwise.  As noted below, Shanks & Pottenger say that
 # America/Cordoba split into 6 subregions during 1991/1992, one of which
 # was America/San_Luis, but we haven't verified this yet so for now we'll
 # keep America/Cordoba a single region rather than splitting it into the
@@ -399,14 +372,9 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # to utc-04:00 until the second Saturday in October...
 #
 # The press release is at
-# 
 # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/SL/Paginas/NoticiaDetalle.asp?TemaId=1&InfoPrensaId=3102
-# 
-# (I couldn't find the decree, but
-# 
-# www.sanluis.gov.ar
-# 
-# is the official page for the Province Government).
+# (I couldn't find the decree, but www.sanluis.gov.ar
+# is the official page for the Province Government.)
 #
 # There's also a note in only one of the major national papers ...
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1107912
@@ -423,9 +391,7 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # ...the Province of San Luis is a case in itself.
 #
 # The Law at
-# 
 # is ambiguous because establishes a calendar from the 2nd Sunday in
 # October at 0:00 thru the 2nd Saturday in March at 24:00 and the
 # complement of that starting on the 2nd Sunday of March at 0:00 and
@@ -454,19 +420,15 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # ...
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-09):
-# According to news reports from El Diario de la Republica Province San
+# According to news reports from El Diario de la República Province San
 # Luis, Argentina (standard time UTC-04) will keep Daylight Saving Time
-# after April 11, 2010--will continue to have same time as rest of
+# after April 11, 2010 - will continue to have same time as rest of
 # Argentina (UTC-3) (no DST).
 #
-# Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
-# 
+# Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
 # http://www.eldiariodelarepublica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29383&Itemid=9
-# 
 # or (some English translation):
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina08.html
-# 
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2010-04-12):
 # yes...I can confirm this...and given that San Luis keeps calling
@@ -478,7 +440,7 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # Perhaps San Luis operates on the legal fiction that it is at UTC-4
 # with perpetual summer time, but ordinary usage typically seems to
 # just say it's at UTC-3; see, for example,
-# .
+# http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora_oficial_argentina
 # We've documented similar situations as being plain changes to
 # standard time, so let's do that here too.  This does not change UTC
 # offsets, only tm_isdst and the time zone abbreviations.  One minor
@@ -486,20 +448,20 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # setting for time stamps past 2038.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
-# Milne says Cordoba time was -4:16:48.2.  Round to the nearest second.
+# Milne says Córdoba time was -4:16:48.2.  Round to the nearest second.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
 # Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
-Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
+Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
+			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT
 #
-# Cordoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Rios (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
+# Córdoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
 # Chaco (CC), Formosa (FM), Santiago del Estero (SE)
 #
 # Shanks & Pottenger also make the following claims, which we haven't verified:
@@ -519,7 +481,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT
 #
-# Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquen (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
+# Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquén (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
 Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
@@ -531,7 +493,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
-# Tucuman (TM)
+# Tucumán (TM)
 Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
@@ -642,8 +604,8 @@ Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # Santa Cruz (SC)
-Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
+Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
+			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
@@ -653,9 +615,9 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
-# Tierra del Fuego, Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur (TF)
-Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
+# Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur (TF)
+Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
+			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
@@ -686,13 +648,13 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 
 # From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
 # _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
-# Santa Catarina (SC), Parana (PR), Sao Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
-# Espirito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goias (GO),
+# Santa Catarina (SC), Paraná (PR), São Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
+# Espírito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goiás (GO),
 # Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
 # [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]
 
 # From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
-# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goias until 1989), and other
+# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goiás until 1989), and other
 # sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
 # always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
 # The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91.  Each issue from then until
@@ -706,16 +668,14 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 # However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
 # Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil.  For each
 # airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM.  From that
-# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapa (AP), Ceara (CE),
-# Maranhao (MA), Paraiba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piaui (PI), and Rio Grande do
-# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Para (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
+# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapá (AP), Ceará (CE),
+# Maranhão (MA), Paraíba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piauí (PI), and Rio Grande do
+# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Pará (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
 
 # From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
-# 
-# Brazilian official page
-# 
+# Brazilian official page 
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard (2000-11-03):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard (2000-11-03):
 # [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:]
 # http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm
 # http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm
@@ -748,13 +708,13 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 
 # From Paul Schulze (2008-06-24):
 # ...by law number 11.662 of April 24, 2008 (published in the "Diario
-# Oficial da Uniao"...) in Brazil there are changes in the timezones,
+# Oficial da União"...) in Brazil there are changes in the timezones,
 # effective today (00:00am at June 24, 2008) as follows:
 #
-# a) The timezone UTC+5 is e[x]tinguished, with all the Acre state and the
+# a) The timezone UTC+5 is extinguished, with all the Acre state and the
 # part of the Amazonas state that had this timezone now being put to the
 # timezone UTC+4
-# b) The whole Para state now is put at timezone UTC+3, instead of just
+# b) The whole Pará state now is put at timezone UTC+3, instead of just
 # part of it, as was before.
 #
 # This change follows a proposal of senator Tiao Viana of Acre state, that
@@ -767,13 +727,11 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 
 # From Rodrigo Severo (2008-06-24):
 # Just correcting the URL:
-# 
 # https://www.in.gov.br/imprensa/visualiza/index.jsp?jornal=do&secao=1&pagina=1&data=25/04/2008
-# 
 #
 # As a result of the above Decree I believe the America/Rio_Branco
 # timezone shall be modified from UTC-5 to UTC-4 and a new timezone shall
-# be created to represent the...west side of the Para State. I
+# be created to represent the...west side of the Pará State. I
 # suggest this new timezone be called Santarem as the most
 # important/populated city in the affected area.
 #
@@ -782,19 +740,16 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-24):
 # This is a quick reference page for New and Old Brazil Time Zones map.
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/brazil-time-new-old.php
-# 
 #
-# - 4 time zones replaced by 3 time zones-eliminating time zone UTC- 05
-# (state Acre and the part of the Amazonas will be UTC/GMT- 04) - western
-# part of Par state is moving to one timezone UTC- 03 (from UTC -04).
+# - 4 time zones replaced by 3 time zones - eliminating time zone UTC-05
+# (state Acre and the part of the Amazonas will be UTC/GMT-04) - western
+# part of Par state is moving to one timezone UTC-03 (from UTC-04).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-10):
 # The official decrees referenced below are mostly taken from
-# 
-# Decretos sobre o Horario de Verao no Brasil
-# .
+# Decretos sobre o Horário de Verão no Brasil.
+# http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-29):
 # As announced by the government and many newspapers in Brazil late
@@ -806,25 +761,17 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 # It has not yet been posted to http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
 #
 # An official page about it:
-# 
 # http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do?newsId=16722
-# 
 # Note that this link does not always work directly, but must be accessed
 # by going to
-# 
 # http://www.mme.gov.br/first
-# 
 #
 # One example link that works directly:
-# 
 # http://jornale.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13530&Itemid=54
 # (Portuguese)
-# 
 #
 # We have a written a short article about it as well:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-dst-2008-2009.html
-# 
 #
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-04):
 # State Bahia will return to Daylight savings time this year after 8 years off.
@@ -832,17 +779,12 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 # television station in Salvador.
 
 # In Portuguese:
-# 
 # http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2011/10/governador-jaques-wagner-confirma-horario-de-verao-na-bahia.html
-#  and
-# 
 # http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI5390887-EI8139,00-Bahia+volta+a+ter+horario+de+verao+apos+oito+anos.html
-# 
 
 # From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-07):
 # There is news in the media, however there is still no decree about it.
-# I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandao at
-# http://pcdsh01.on.br/ the
+# I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandao at http://pcdsh01.on.br/ the
 # official agency about time in Brazil, and she confirmed that the old rule is
 # still in force.
 
@@ -854,9 +796,7 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 #
 # DECRETO No- 7.584, DE 13 DE OUTUBRO DE 2011
 # Link :
-# 
 # http://www.in.gov.br/visualiza/index.jsp?data=13/10/2011&jornal=1000&pagina=6&totalArquivos=6
-# 
 
 # From Kelley Cook (2012-10-16):
 # The governor of state of Bahia in Brazil announced on Thursday that
@@ -884,42 +824,42 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 # For now, assume western Amazonas will change as well.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# Decree 20,466 (1931-10-01)
-# Decree 21,896 (1932-01-10)
+# Decree 20,466  (1931-10-01)
+# Decree 21,896  (1932-01-10)
 Rule	Brazil	1931	only	-	Oct	 3	11:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1932	1933	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	1932	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
-# Decree 23,195 (1933-10-10)
+# Decree 23,195  (1933-10-10)
 # revoked DST.
-# Decree 27,496 (1949-11-24)
-# Decree 27,998 (1950-04-13)
+# Decree 27,496  (1949-11-24)
+# Decree 27,998  (1950-04-13)
 Rule	Brazil	1949	1952	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1950	only	-	Apr	16	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	1951	1952	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 32,308 (1953-02-24)
+# Decree 32,308  (1953-02-24)
 Rule	Brazil	1953	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 34,724 (1953-11-30)
+# Decree 34,724  (1953-11-30)
 # revoked DST.
-# Decree 52,700 (1963-10-18)
+# Decree 52,700  (1963-10-18)
 # established DST from 1963-10-23 00:00 to 1964-02-29 00:00
 # in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
-# Decree 53,071 (1963-12-03)
+# Decree 53,071  (1963-12-03)
 # extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
 Rule	Brazil	1963	only	-	Dec	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
-# Decree 53,604 (1964-02-25)
+# Decree 53,604  (1964-02-25)
 # extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
 Rule	Brazil	1964	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 55,639 (1965-01-27)
+# Decree 55,639  (1965-01-27)
 Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Mar	31	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 57,303 (1965-11-22)
+# Decree 57,303  (1965-11-22)
 Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
-# Decree 57,843 (1966-02-18)
+# Decree 57,843  (1966-02-18)
 Rule	Brazil	1966	1968	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	1966	1967	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
-# Decree 63,429 (1968-10-15)
+# Decree 63,429  (1968-10-15)
 # revoked DST.
-# Decree 91,698 (1985-09-27)
+# Decree 91,698  (1985-09-27)
 Rule	Brazil	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
 # Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
@@ -927,42 +867,42 @@ Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Mar	15	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
 Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Feb	14	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 94,922 (1987-09-22)
+# Decree 94,922  (1987-09-22)
 Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Feb	 7	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 96,676 (1988-09-12)
+# Decree 96,676  (1988-09-12)
 # except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
 Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Jan	29	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 98,077 (1989-08-21)
+# Decree 98,077  (1989-08-21)
 # with the same exceptions
 Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Oct	15	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 99,530 (1990-09-17)
+# Decree 99,530  (1990-09-17)
 # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
 # Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
 Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Feb	17	 0:00	0	-
-# Unnumbered decree (1991-09-25)
+# Unnumbered decree  (1991-09-25)
 # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
 Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Oct	20	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Feb	 9	 0:00	0	-
-# Unnumbered decree (1992-10-16)
+# Unnumbered decree  (1992-10-16)
 # adopted by same states.
 Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1993	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 942 (1993-09-28)
+# Decree 942  (1993-09-28)
 # adopted by same states, plus AM.
-# Decree 1,252 (1994-09-22;
+# Decree 1,252  (1994-09-22;
 # web page corrected 2004-01-07) adopted by same states, minus AM.
-# Decree 1,636 (1995-09-14)
+# Decree 1,636  (1995-09-14)
 # adopted by same states, plus MT and TO.
-# Decree 1,674 (1995-10-13)
+# Decree 1,674  (1995-10-13)
 # adds AL, SE.
 Rule	Brazil	1993	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=11	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1994	1995	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 2,000 (1996-09-04)
+# Decree 2,000  (1996-09-04)
 # adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
 Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Feb	16	 0:00	0	-
@@ -975,53 +915,51 @@ Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Feb	16	 0:00	0	-
 #
 # Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
 Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
-# Decree 2,495
+# Decree 2,495 
 # (1998-02-10)
 Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 2,780 (1998-09-11)
+# Decree 2,780  (1998-09-11)
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Oct	11	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1999	only	-	Feb	21	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 3,150
+# Decree 3,150 
 # (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
-# Decree 3,188 (1999-09-30)
+# Decree 3,188  (1999-09-30)
 # adds SE, AL, PB, PE, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
 Rule	Brazil	1999	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	2000	only	-	Feb	27	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 3,592 (2000-09-06)
+# Decree 3,592  (2000-09-06)
 # adopted by the same states as before.
-# Decree 3,630 (2000-10-13)
+# Decree 3,630  (2000-10-13)
 # repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00.
-# Decree 3,632 (2000-10-17)
+# Decree 3,632  (2000-10-17)
 # repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00.
-# Decree 3,916
+# Decree 3,916 
 # (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
 Rule	Brazil	2000	2001	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	2001	2006	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 4,399 (2002-10-01) repeals DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
-# 4,399
+# 4,399 
 Rule	Brazil	2002	only	-	Nov	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 4,844 (2003-09-24; corrected 2003-09-26) repeals DST in BA, MT, TO.
-# 4,844
+# 4,844 
 Rule	Brazil	2003	only	-	Oct	19	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 5,223 (2004-10-01) reestablishes DST in MT.
-# 5,223
+# 5,223 
 Rule	Brazil	2004	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
-# Decree 5,539 (2005-09-19),
+# Decree 5,539  (2005-09-19),
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 Rule	Brazil	2005	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	S
-# Decree 5,920 (2006-10-03),
+# Decree 5,920  (2006-10-03),
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 Rule	Brazil	2006	only	-	Nov	 5	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	2007	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 6,212 (2007-09-26),
+# Decree 6,212  (2007-09-26),
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 Rule	Brazil	2007	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 0:00	1:00	S
 # From Frederico A. C. Neves (2008-09-10):
 # According to this decree
-# 
 # http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2007-2010/2008/Decreto/D6558.htm
-# 
 # [t]he DST period in Brazil now on will be from the 3rd Oct Sunday to the
 # 3rd Feb Sunday. There is an exception on the return date when this is
 # the Carnival Sunday then the return date will be the next Sunday...
@@ -1056,29 +994,29 @@ Zone America/Noronha	-2:09:40 -	LMT	1914
 			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	2002 Oct  1
 			-2:00	-	FNT
 # Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement.
-# These include Trindade and Martin Vaz (administratively part of ES),
-# Atol das Rocas (RN), and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo (PE).
+# These include Trindade and Martim Vaz (administratively part of ES),
+# Rocas Atoll (RN), and the St Peter and St Paul Archipelago (PE).
 # Fernando de Noronha was a separate territory from 1942-09-02 to 1989-01-01;
 # it also included the Penedos.
 #
-# Amapa (AP), east Para (PA)
-# East Para includes Belem, Maraba, Serra Norte, and Sao Felix do Xingu.
-# The division between east and west Para is the river Xingu.
+# Amapá (AP), east Pará (PA)
+# East Pará includes Belém, Marabá, Serra Norte, and São Félix do Xingu.
+# The division between east and west Pará is the river Xingu.
 # In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
-# the border with Amapa) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
+# the border with Amapá) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
 Zone America/Belem	-3:13:56 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
-# west Para (PA)
-# West Para includes Altamira, Oribidos, Prainha, Oriximina, and Santarem.
+# west Pará (PA)
+# West Pará includes Altamira, Óbidos, Prainha, Oriximiná, and Santarém.
 Zone America/Santarem	-3:38:48 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
-			-4:00	-	AMT	2008 Jun 24 00:00
+			-4:00	-	AMT	2008 Jun 24  0:00
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
-# Maranhao (MA), Piaui (PI), Ceara (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
-# Paraiba (PB)
+# Maranhão (MA), Piauí (PI), Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
+# Paraíba (PB)
 Zone America/Fortaleza	-2:34:00 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
 			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
@@ -1125,11 +1063,11 @@ Zone America/Bahia	-2:34:04 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2012 Oct 21
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
-# Goias (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
-# Espirito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Sao Paulo (SP), Parana (PR),
+# Goiás (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
+# Espírito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR),
 # Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
 Zone America/Sao_Paulo	-3:06:28 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1963 Oct 23 00:00
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1963 Oct 23  0:00
 			-3:00	1:00	BRST	1964
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
 #
@@ -1143,7 +1081,7 @@ Zone America/Cuiaba	-3:44:20 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	-	AMT	2004 Oct  1
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT
 #
-# Rondonia (RO)
+# Rondônia (RO)
 Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-4:00	-	AMT
@@ -1155,7 +1093,7 @@ Zone America/Boa_Vista	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	2000 Oct 15
 			-4:00	-	AMT
 #
-# east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutai, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
+# east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutaí, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
 # The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
 # east from west Amazonas.
 Zone America/Manaus	-4:00:04 -	LMT	1914
@@ -1165,19 +1103,19 @@ Zone America/Manaus	-4:00:04 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	-	AMT
 #
 # west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
-#	Eirunepe, Envira, Ipixuna
+#	Eirunepé, Envira, Ipixuna
 Zone America/Eirunepe	-4:39:28 -	LMT	1914
 			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-5:00	-	ACT	1993 Sep 28
 			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1994 Sep 22
-			-5:00	-	ACT	2008 Jun 24 00:00
+			-5:00	-	ACT	2008 Jun 24  0:00
 			-4:00	-	AMT	2013 Nov 10
 			-5:00	-	ACT
 #
 # Acre (AC)
 Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1988 Sep 12
-			-5:00	-	ACT	2008 Jun 24 00:00
+			-5:00	-	ACT	2008 Jun 24  0:00
 			-4:00	-	AMT	2013 Nov 10
 			-5:00	-	ACT
 
@@ -1198,66 +1136,54 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2006-10-08):
 # http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-08):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-08):
 # I think that there are some obvious mistakes in the suggested link
 # from Oscar van Vlijmen,... for instance entry 66 says that GMT-4
 # ended 1990-09-12 while entry 67 only begins GMT-3 at 1990-09-15
 # (they should have been 1990-09-15 and 1990-09-16 respectively), but
 # anyhow it clears up some doubts too.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-27):
-# The following data for Chile and America/Santiago are from
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
+# The following data entries for Chile and America/Santiago are from
 #  (2006-09-20), transcribed by
-# Jesper Norgaard Welen.  The data for Pacific/Easter are from Shanks
+# Jesper Nørgaard Welen.  The data entries for Pacific/Easter are from Shanks
 # & Pottenger, except with DST transitions after 1932 cloned from
-# America/Santiago.  The pre-1980 Pacific/Easter data are dubious,
+# America/Santiago.  The pre-1980 Pacific/Easter data entries are dubious,
 # but we have no other source.
 
-# From German Poo-Caaman~o (2008-03-03):
+# From Germán Poo-Caamaño (2008-03-03):
 # Due to drought, Chile extends Daylight Time in three weeks.  This
 # is one-time change (Saturday 3/29 at 24:00 for America/Santiago
 # and Saturday 3/29 at 22:00 for Pacific/Easter)
 # The Supreme Decree is located at
-# 
 # http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/supremo316.pdf
-# 
 # and the instructions for 2008 are located in:
-# 
 # http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
-# .
 
-# From Jose Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
+# From José Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
 # ...
 # You could see the announces of the change on
-# 
 # http://www.shoa.cl/noticias/2008/04hora/hora.htm
-# .
 
 # From Angel Chiang (2010-03-04):
 # Subject: DST in Chile exceptionally extended to 3 April due to earthquake
-# 
 # http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/viewNoticia.aspx?idArticulo=30098
-# 
 # (in Spanish, last paragraph).
 #
 # This is breaking news. There should be more information available later.
 
-# From Arthur Daivd Olson (2010-03-06):
+# From Arthur David Olson (2010-03-06):
 # Angel Chiang's message confirmed by Julio Pacheco; Julio provided a patch.
 
-# From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-02): [geychaner@mac.com]
+# From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-02):
 # It appears that the Chilean government has decided to postpone the
 # change from summer time to winter time again, by three weeks to April
 # 2nd:
-# 
 # http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=467651
-# 
 #
 # This is not yet reflected in the official "cambio de hora" site, but
 # probably will be soon:
-# 
 # http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
-# 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-03-02):
 # The emol.com article mentions a water shortage as the cause of the
@@ -1265,9 +1191,7 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 
 # From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-28):
 # The article:
-# 
 # http://diario.elmercurio.com/2011/03/28/_portada/_portada/noticias/7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E.htm?id=3D{7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E}
-# 
 #
 # In English:
 # Chile's clocks will go back an hour this year on the 7th of May instead
@@ -1298,7 +1222,7 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # start date is 2013-09-08 00:00....
 # http://www.gob.cl/informa/2013/02/15/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de-hora-para-el-ano-2013.htm
 
-# From Jose Miguel Garrido (2014-02-19):
+# From José Miguel Garrido (2014-02-19):
 # Today appeared in the Diario Oficial a decree amending the time change
 # dates to 2014.
 # DST End: last Saturday of April 2014 (Sun 27 Apr 2014 03:00 UTC)
@@ -1352,7 +1276,7 @@ Rule	Chile	2012	max	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
 # (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Santiago	-4:42:46 -	LMT	1890
-			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1910 	    # Santiago Mean Time
+			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1910        # Santiago Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	CLT	1916 Jul  1 # Chile Time
 			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1918 Sep  1 # Santiago Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	CLT	1919 Jul  1 # Chile Time
@@ -1361,16 +1285,16 @@ Zone America/Santiago	-4:42:46 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT
 Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:44 -	LMT	1890
 			-7:17:28 -	EMT	1932 Sep    # Easter Mean Time
-			-7:00	Chile	EAS%sT	1982 Mar 13 21:00 # Easter I Time
+			-7:00	Chile	EAS%sT	1982 Mar 13 21:00 # Easter Time
 			-6:00	Chile	EAS%sT
 #
-# Sala y Gomez Island is like Pacific/Easter.
-# Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernandez Is, San Ambrosio,
-# San Felix, and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
+# Salas y Gómez Island is uninhabited.
+# Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernández Is, Desventuradas Is,
+# and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
 
 # Colombia
 
-# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogota time in 1899; round to nearest.  He writes,
+# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogotá time in 1899; round to nearest.  He writes,
 # "A variation of fifteen minutes in the public clocks of Bogota is not rare."
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -1378,37 +1302,37 @@ Rule	CO	1992	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	CO	1993	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:16 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
-			-4:56:16 -	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
+			-4:56:16 -	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogotá Mean Time
 			-5:00	CO	CO%sT	# Colombia Time
 # Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
 # no information; probably like America/Bogota
 
-# Curacao
+# Curaçao
 
-# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curacao mean time; round to nearest.
+# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
 # -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that
 # Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from
 # 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01.  The former is dubious, since S&P also say
-# Saba Island has been like Curacao.
+# Saba Island has been like Curaçao.
 # This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
 #
-# By July 2007 Curacao and St Maarten are planned to become
+# By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become
 # associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba;
 # Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the
 # Netherlands as Kingdom Islands.  This won't affect their time zones
 # though, as far as we know.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Curacao	-4:35:47 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12	# Willemstad
+Zone	America/Curacao	-4:35:47 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
 			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
 # use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
-# The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen charaters
+# The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen characters
 # and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes" below.
 
 Link	America/Curacao	America/Lower_Princes	# Sint Maarten
@@ -1416,7 +1340,7 @@ Link	America/Curacao	America/Kralendijk	# Caribbean Netherlands
 
 # Ecuador
 #
-# Milne says the Sentral and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15.
+# Milne says the Central and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-04):
 # Apparently Ecuador had a failed experiment with DST in 1992.
@@ -1427,10 +1351,10 @@ Link	America/Curacao	America/Kralendijk	# Caribbean Netherlands
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Guayaquil	-5:19:20 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:14:00 -	QMT	1931 # Quito Mean Time
-			-5:00	-	ECT	     # Ecuador Time
+			-5:00	-	ECT	# Ecuador Time
 Zone Pacific/Galapagos	-5:58:24 -	LMT	1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
 			-5:00	-	ECT	1986
-			-6:00	-	GALT	     # Galapagos Time
+			-6:00	-	GALT	# Galápagos Time
 
 # Falklands
 
@@ -1439,7 +1363,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Galapagos	-5:58:24 -	LMT	1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
 # the IATA gives 1996-09-08.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 
 # From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22)
-# via Jesper Norgaard:
+# via Jesper Nørgaard:
 # ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15
 # April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2
 # September.  It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2
@@ -1488,9 +1412,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Galapagos	-5:58:24 -	LMT	1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
 # daylight saving time.
 #
 # One source:
-# 
 # http://www.falklandnews.com/public/story.cfm?get=5914&source=3
-# 
 #
 # We have gotten this confirmed by a clerk of the legislative assembly:
 # Normally the clocks revert to Local Mean Time (UTC/GMT -4 hours) on the
@@ -1531,10 +1453,10 @@ Rule	Falk	2001	2010	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Falk	2001	2010	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Stanley	-3:51:24 -	LMT	1890
-			-3:51:24 -	SMT	1912 Mar 12  # Stanley Mean Time
-			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	1983 May     # Falkland Is Time
+			-3:51:24 -	SMT	1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
+			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	1983 May    # Falkland Is Time
 			-3:00	Falk	FK%sT	1985 Sep 15
-			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	2010 Sep 5 02:00
+			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	2010 Sep  5  2:00
 			-3:00	-	FKST
 
 # French Guiana
@@ -1545,7 +1467,7 @@ Zone America/Cayenne	-3:29:20 -	LMT	1911 Jul
 
 # Guyana
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Guyana	-3:52:40 -	LMT	1915 Mar	# Georgetown
+Zone	America/Guyana	-3:52:40 -	LMT	1915 Mar    # Georgetown
 			-3:45	-	GBGT	1966 May 26 # Br Guiana Time
 			-3:45	-	GYT	1975 Jul 31 # Guyana Time
 			-3:00	-	GYT	1991
@@ -1555,8 +1477,8 @@ Zone	America/Guyana	-3:52:40 -	LMT	1915 Mar	# Georgetown
 # Paraguay
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are from 01:00 -> 02:00,
-# and autumn transitions are from 00:00 -> 23:00.  Go with pre-1999
+# Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are 01:00 -> 02:00,
+# and autumn transitions are 00:00 -> 23:00.  Go with pre-1999
 # editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
 #
 # From Waldemar Villamayor-Venialbo (2013-09-20):
@@ -1582,9 +1504,8 @@ Rule	Para	1996	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 # (10-01).
 #
 # Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from
-# 
-# Noticias, a daily paper in Asuncion, Paraguay (2000-10-01)
-# :
+# Noticias, a daily paper in Asunción, Paraguay (2000-10-01):
+# http://www.diarionoticias.com.py/011000/nacional/naciona1.htm
 # Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in
 # fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power....  The time change
 # system has been operating for several years.  Formerly there was a separate
@@ -1605,21 +1526,18 @@ Rule	Para	1998	2001	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	2002	2004	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	2002	2003	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 #
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
 # There are several sources that claim that Paraguay made
 # a timezone rule change in autumn 2004.
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-01-05):
 # Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05)
-# From Carlos Raul Perasso via Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
-# 
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso via Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
+# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/decretos/D1867.pdf
 Rule	Para	2004	2009	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	2005	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
-# From Carlos Raul Perasso (2010-02-18):
-# By decree number 3958 issued yesterday (
-# 
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2010-02-18):
+# By decree number 3958 issued yesterday
 # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/decreto3958.pdf
-# 
-# )
 # Paraguay changes its DST schedule, postponing the March rule to April and
 # modifying the October date. The decree reads:
 # ...
@@ -1635,25 +1553,25 @@ Rule	Para	2010	2012	-	Apr	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
 # Paraguay will end DST on 2013-03-24 00:00....
 # http://www.ande.gov.py/interna.php?id=1075
 #
-# From Carlos Raul Perasso (2013-03-15):
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2013-03-15):
 # The change in Paraguay is now final.  Decree number 10780
 # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/uploads/pdf/presidencia-3b86ff4b691c79d4f5927ca964922ec74772ce857c02ca054a52a37b49afc7fb.pdf
-# From Carlos Raul Perasso (2014-02-28):
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2014-02-28):
 # Decree 1264 can be found at:
 # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/archivos/documentos/DECRETO1264_ey9r8zai.pdf
 Rule	Para	2013	max	-	Mar	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Asuncion	-3:50:40 -	LMT	1890
-			-3:50:40 -	AMT	1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
-			-4:00	-	PYT	1972 Oct # Paraguay Time
+			-3:50:40 -	AMT	1931 Oct 10 # Asunción Mean Time
+			-4:00	-	PYT	1972 Oct    # Paraguay Time
 			-3:00	-	PYT	1974 Apr
 			-4:00	Para	PY%sT
 
 # Peru
 #
-# 
-# From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26):
+# From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26)
+# :
 # When we were in Peru in 1985-1986, they apparently switched over
 # sometime between December 29 and January 3 while we were on the Amazon.
 #
@@ -1679,7 +1597,7 @@ Zone	America/Lima	-5:08:12 -	LMT	1890
 
 # South Georgia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890		# Grytviken
+Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890 # Grytviken
 			-2:00	-	GST	# South Georgia Time
 
 # South Sandwich Is
@@ -1689,9 +1607,9 @@ Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890		# Grytviken
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Paramaribo	-3:40:40 -	LMT	1911
 			-3:40:52 -	PMT	1935     # Paramaribo Mean Time
-			-3:40:36 -	PMT	1945 Oct # The capital moved?
+			-3:40:36 -	PMT	1945 Oct    # The capital moved?
 			-3:30	-	NEGT	1975 Nov 20 # Dutch Guiana Time
-			-3:30	-	SRT	1984 Oct # Suriname Time
+			-3:30	-	SRT	1984 Oct    # Suriname Time
 			-3:00	-	SRT
 
 # Trinidad and Tobago
@@ -1706,7 +1624,7 @@ Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Grenada
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Guadeloupe
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot	# St Martin (French part)
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Montserrat
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy # St Barthélemy
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Kitts	# St Kitts & Nevis
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Lucia
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Thomas	# Virgin Islands (US)
@@ -1765,7 +1683,7 @@ Rule	Uruguay	1990	1991	-	Oct	Sun>=21	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1992	only	-	Oct	18	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1993	only	-	Feb	28	 0:00	0	-
 # From Eduardo Cota (2004-09-20):
-# The uruguayan government has decreed a change in the local time....
+# The Uruguayan government has decreed a change in the local time....
 # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/decretos/2004091502.htm
 Rule	Uruguay	2004	only	-	Sep	19	 0:00	1:00	S
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-03-11):
@@ -1779,14 +1697,14 @@ Rule	Uruguay	2005	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00	0	-
 # 02:00 local time, official time in Uruguay will be at GMT -2.
 Rule	Uruguay	2005	only	-	Oct	 9	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	2006	only	-	Mar	12	 2:00	0	-
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-06):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-06):
 # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_web/decretos/2006/09/CM%20210_08%2006%202006_00001.PDF
 Rule	Uruguay	2006	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	 2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Montevideo	-3:44:44 -	LMT	1898 Jun 28
-			-3:44:44 -	MMT	1920 May  1	# Montevideo MT
-			-3:30	Uruguay	UY%sT	1942 Dec 14	# Uruguay Time
+			-3:44:44 -	MMT	1920 May  1 # Montevideo MT
+			-3:30	Uruguay	UY%sT	1942 Dec 14 # Uruguay Time
 			-3:00	Uruguay	UY%sT
 
 # Venezuela
@@ -1794,14 +1712,14 @@ Zone America/Montevideo	-3:44:44 -	LMT	1898 Jun 28
 # From John Stainforth (2007-11-28):
 # ... the change for Venezuela originally expected for 2007-12-31 has
 # been brought forward to 2007-12-09.  The official announcement was
-# published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la Republica Bolivariana
-# de Venezuela, numero 38.819" (official document for all laws or
+# published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la República Bolivariana
+# de Venezuela, número 38.819" (official document for all laws or
 # resolution publication)
 # http://www.globovision.com/news.php?nid=72208
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Caracas	-4:27:44 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:27:40 -	CMT	1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
-			-4:30	-	VET	1965	     # Venezuela Time
-			-4:00	-	VET	2007 Dec  9 03:00
+			-4:30	-	VET	1965        # Venezuela Time
+			-4:00	-	VET	2007 Dec  9  3:00
 			-4:30	-	VET
diff --git a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/systemv b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/systemv
index f909f9c76db..c7b9a888e88 100644
--- a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/systemv
+++ b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/systemv
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
diff --git a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/zone.tab b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/zone.tab
index 7cec627fd95..45351ca8486 100644
--- a/jdk/make/data/tzdata/zone.tab
+++ b/jdk/make/data/tzdata/zone.tab
@@ -21,39 +21,27 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# TZ zone descriptions
+# tz zone descriptions (deprecated version)
 #
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-14):
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
+# This file is intended as a backward-compatibility aid for older programs.
+# New programs should use zone1970.tab.  This file is like zone1970.tab (see
+# zone1970.tab's comments), but with the following additional restrictions:
 #
-# This file contains a table where each row stands for an area that is
-# the intersection of a region identified by a country code and of a
-# zone where civil clocks have agreed since 1970.  The columns of the
-# table are as follows:
+# 1.  This file contains only ASCII characters.
+# 2.  The first data column contains exactly one country code.
 #
-# 1.  ISO 3166 2-character country code.  See the file 'iso3166.tab'.
-# 2.  Latitude and longitude of the area's principal location
-#     in ISO 6709 sign-degrees-minutes-seconds format,
-#     either +-DDMM+-DDDMM or +-DDMMSS+-DDDMMSS,
-#     first latitude (+ is north), then longitude (+ is east).
-# 3.  Zone name used in value of TZ environment variable.
-#     Please see the 'Theory' file for how zone names are chosen.
-#     If multiple zones overlap a country, each has a row in the
-#     table, with column 1 being duplicated.
-# 4.  Comments; present if and only if the country has multiple rows.
-#
-# Columns are separated by a single tab.
-# The table is sorted first by country, then an order within the country that
-# (1) makes some geographical sense, and
-# (2) puts the most populous areas first, where that does not contradict (1).
-#
-# Lines beginning with '#' are comments.
+# Because of (2), each row stands for an area that is the intersection
+# of a region identified by a country code and of a zone where civil
+# clocks have agreed since 1970; this is a narrower definition than
+# that of zone1970.tab.
 #
 # This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
-# zone data appropriate for their practical needs.  It is not intended
-# to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
+# zone data entries appropriate for their practical needs.  It is not
+# intended to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
 #
 #country-
 #code	coordinates	TZ			comments
@@ -72,7 +60,7 @@ AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson Station, Holme Bay
 AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis Station, Vestfold Hills
 AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
 AQ	-7824+10654	Antarctica/Vostok	Vostok Station, Lake Vostok
-AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville Station, Terre Adelie
+AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville Station, Adelie Land
 AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa Station, E Ongul I
 AQ	-720041+0023206	Antarctica/Troll	Troll Station, Queen Maud Land
 AR	-3436-05827	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires	Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
@@ -151,7 +139,7 @@ CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did
 CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
 CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern Time - east Nunavut - most locations
 CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Eastern Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut
-CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central Standard Time - Resolute, Nunavut
+CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central Time - Resolute, Nunavut
 CA	+484531-0913718	America/Atikokan	Eastern Standard Time - Atikokan, Ontario and Southampton I, Nunavut
 CA	+624900-0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central Time - central Nunavut
 CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario
@@ -176,13 +164,10 @@ CH	+4723+00832	Europe/Zurich
 CI	+0519-00402	Africa/Abidjan
 CK	-2114-15946	Pacific/Rarotonga
 CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	most locations
-CL	-2709-10926	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island & Sala y Gomez
+CL	-2709-10926	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island
 CM	+0403+00942	Africa/Douala
-CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	east China - Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, etc.
-CN	+4545+12641	Asia/Harbin	Heilongjiang (except Mohe), Jilin
-CN	+2934+10635	Asia/Chongqing	central China - Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Guizhou, etc.
-CN	+4348+08735	Asia/Urumqi	most of Tibet & Xinjiang
-CN	+3929+07559	Asia/Kashgar	west Tibet & Xinjiang
+CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	Beijing Time
+CN	+4348+08735	Asia/Urumqi	Xinjiang Time
 CO	+0436-07405	America/Bogota
 CR	+0956-08405	America/Costa_Rica
 CU	+2308-08222	America/Havana
@@ -364,24 +349,26 @@ RE	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion
 RO	+4426+02606	Europe/Bucharest
 RS	+4450+02030	Europe/Belgrade
 RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	Moscow-01 - Kaliningrad
-RU	+5545+03735	Europe/Moscow	Moscow+00 - west Russia
-RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	Moscow+00 - Caspian Sea
-RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	Moscow+00 - Samara, Udmurtia
+RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	Moscow+00 - west Russia
 RU	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	Moscow+00 - Crimea
+RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	Moscow+00 - Caspian Sea
+RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	Moscow+00 (Moscow+01 after 2014-10-26) - Samara, Udmurtia
 RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	Moscow+02 - Urals
 RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	Moscow+03 - west Siberia
 RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	Moscow+03 - Novosibirsk
-RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	Moscow+03 - Novokuznetsk
+RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	Moscow+03 (Moscow+04 after 2014-10-26) - Kemerovo
 RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	Moscow+04 - Yenisei River
 RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal
+RU	+5203+11328	Asia/Chita	Moscow+06 (Moscow+05 after 2014-10-26) - Zabaykalsky
 RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	Moscow+06 - Lena River
 RU	+623923+1353314	Asia/Khandyga	Moscow+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
 RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	Moscow+07 - Amur River
 RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	Moscow+07 - Sakhalin Island
 RU	+643337+1431336	Asia/Ust-Nera	Moscow+07 - Oymyakonsky
-RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	Moscow+08 - Magadan
-RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	Moscow+08 - Kamchatka
-RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	Moscow+08 - Bering Sea
+RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	Moscow+08 (Moscow+07 after 2014-10-26) - Magadan
+RU	+6728+15343	Asia/Srednekolymsk	Moscow+08 - E Sakha, N Kuril Is
+RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Kamchatka
+RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Bering Sea
 RW	-0157+03004	Africa/Kigali
 SA	+2438+04643	Asia/Riyadh
 SB	-0932+16012	Pacific/Guadalcanal
@@ -448,13 +435,13 @@ US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain Time
 US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
 US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	Mountain Standard Time - Arizona (except Navajo)
 US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific Time
+US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Pacific Standard Time - Annette Island, Alaska
 US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska Time
 US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle
 US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska Time - southeast Alaska panhandle
 US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle neck
 US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska Time - west Alaska
 US	+515248-1763929	America/Adak	Aleutian Islands
-US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Metlakatla Time - Annette Island
 US	+211825-1575130	Pacific/Honolulu	Hawaii
 UY	-3453-05611	America/Montevideo
 UZ	+3940+06648	Asia/Samarkand	west Uzbekistan
diff --git a/jdk/make/gensrc/GensrcLocaleDataMetaInfo.gmk b/jdk/make/gensrc/GensrcLocaleDataMetaInfo.gmk
index f4a3575218e..b251026c2cb 100644
--- a/jdk/make/gensrc/GensrcLocaleDataMetaInfo.gmk
+++ b/jdk/make/gensrc/GensrcLocaleDataMetaInfo.gmk
@@ -58,7 +58,14 @@ EN_LOCALES := en%
 # Locales that don't have any resource files should be included here.
 ALL_NON_EN_LOCALES := ja-JP-JP nb-NO nn-NO th-TH-TH
 
-SED_ARGS := -e 's|$(HASH)warn This file is preprocessed before being compiled|// -- This file was mechanically generated: Do not edit! -- //|g'
+SED_ENARGS := -e 's|$(HASH)warn This file is preprocessed before being compiled|// -- This file was mechanically generated: Do not edit! -- //|g'
+SED_NONENARGS := $(SED_ENARGS)
+
+# Fill in the languages and package names
+SED_ENARGS += -e 's/$(HASH)Lang$(HASH)/En/' \
+    -e 's/$(HASH)Package$(HASH)/sun.util.locale.provider/'
+SED_NONENARGS += -e 's/$(HASH)Lang$(HASH)/NonEn/' \
+    -e 's/$(HASH)Package$(HASH)/sun.util.resources.provider/'
 
 # This macro creates a sed expression that substitues for example:
 # #FormatData_ENLocales# with: en% locales.
@@ -78,8 +85,8 @@ define CaptureLocale
   ALL_NON_EN_LOCALES += $$($1_NON_EN_LOCALES)
 
   # Don't sed in a space if there are no locales.
-  SED_ARGS += -e 's/$$(HASH)$1_ENLocales$$(HASH)/$$(if $$($1_EN_LOCALES),$$(SPACE)$$($1_EN_LOCALES),)/g'
-  SED_ARGS += -e 's/$$(HASH)$1_NonENLocales$$(HASH)/$$(if $$($1_NON_EN_LOCALES),$$(SPACE)$$($1_NON_EN_LOCALES),)/g'
+  SED_ENARGS += -e 's/$$(HASH)$1_Locales$$(HASH)/$$(if $$($1_EN_LOCALES),$$(SPACE)$$($1_EN_LOCALES),)/g'
+  SED_NONENARGS += -e 's/$$(HASH)$1_Locales$$(HASH)/$$(if $$($1_NON_EN_LOCALES),$$(SPACE)$$($1_NON_EN_LOCALES),)/g'
 endef
 
 #sun.text.resources.FormatData
@@ -106,17 +113,25 @@ $(eval $(call CaptureLocale,CurrencyNames))
 #sun.util.resources.CalendarData
 $(eval $(call CaptureLocale,CalendarData))
 
-SED_ARGS += -e 's/$(HASH)AvailableLocales_ENLocales$(HASH)/$(sort $(ALL_EN_LOCALES))/g'
-SED_ARGS += -e 's/$(HASH)AvailableLocales_NonENLocales$(HASH)/$(sort $(ALL_NON_EN_LOCALES))/g'
+SED_ENARGS += -e 's/$(HASH)AvailableLocales_Locales$(HASH)/$(sort $(ALL_EN_LOCALES))/g'
+SED_NONENARGS += -e 's/$(HASH)AvailableLocales_Locales$(HASH)/$(sort $(ALL_NON_EN_LOCALES))/g'
 
-$(JDK_OUTPUTDIR)/gensrc/java.base/sun/util/locale/provider/LocaleDataMetaInfo.java: \
+$(JDK_OUTPUTDIR)/gensrc/java.base/sun/util/locale/provider/EnLocaleDataMetaInfo.java: \
     $(JDK_TOPDIR)/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/provider/LocaleDataMetaInfo-XLocales.java.template
 	$(MKDIR) -p $(@D)
-	$(ECHO) Creating sun/util/LocaleDataMetaInfo.java from $(words $(LOCALE_RESOURCES)) found resources.
+	$(ECHO) Creating sun/util/locale/provider/EnLocaleDataMetaInfo.java from $(words $(LOCALE_RESOURCES)) found resources.
 	$(PRINTF) "PREV_LOCALE_RESOURCES:=$(LOCALE_RESOURCES)" > $(JDK_OUTPUTDIR)/gensrc/_the.locale_resources
-	$(SED) $(SED_ARGS) $< > $@
+	$(SED) $(SED_ENARGS) $< > $@
 
-GENSRC_LOCALEDATAMETAINFO := $(JDK_OUTPUTDIR)/gensrc/java.base/sun/util/locale/provider/LocaleDataMetaInfo.java
+$(JDK_OUTPUTDIR)/gensrc/jdk.localedata/sun/util/resources/provider/NonEnLocaleDataMetaInfo.java: \
+    $(JDK_TOPDIR)/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/provider/LocaleDataMetaInfo-XLocales.java.template
+	$(MKDIR) -p $(@D)
+	$(ECHO) Creating sun/util/resources/provider/NonEnLocaleDataMetaInfo.java from $(words $(LOCALE_RESOURCES)) found resources.
+	$(PRINTF) "PREV_LOCALE_RESOURCES:=$(LOCALE_RESOURCES)" > $(JDK_OUTPUTDIR)/gensrc/_the.locale_resources
+	$(SED) $(SED_NONENARGS) $< > $@
+
+GENSRC_LOCALEDATAMETAINFO := $(JDK_OUTPUTDIR)/gensrc/java.base/sun/util/locale/provider/EnLocaleDataMetaInfo.java \
+    $(JDK_OUTPUTDIR)/gensrc/jdk.localedata/sun/util/resources/provider/NonEnLocaleDataMetaInfo.java
 
 ################################################################################
 
diff --git a/jdk/make/src/classes/build/tools/cldrconverter/CLDRConverter.java b/jdk/make/src/classes/build/tools/cldrconverter/CLDRConverter.java
index 33ea34ffa2a..b1f559e7f6f 100644
--- a/jdk/make/src/classes/build/tools/cldrconverter/CLDRConverter.java
+++ b/jdk/make/src/classes/build/tools/cldrconverter/CLDRConverter.java
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ public class CLDRConverter {
             allLocales.addAll(metaInfo.get("LocaleNames"));
             allLocales.addAll(metaInfo.get("CalendarData"));
             allLocales.addAll(metaInfo.get("FormatData"));
-            metaInfo.put("All", allLocales);
+            metaInfo.put("AvailableLocales", allLocales);
         }
 
         bundleGenerator.generateMetaInfo(metaInfo);
diff --git a/jdk/make/src/classes/build/tools/cldrconverter/ResourceBundleGenerator.java b/jdk/make/src/classes/build/tools/cldrconverter/ResourceBundleGenerator.java
index b905f75290a..27a7b1fbd20 100644
--- a/jdk/make/src/classes/build/tools/cldrconverter/ResourceBundleGenerator.java
+++ b/jdk/make/src/classes/build/tools/cldrconverter/ResourceBundleGenerator.java
@@ -159,8 +159,10 @@ class ResourceBundleGenerator implements BundleGenerator {
             out.println(CopyrightHeaders.getOpenJDKCopyright());
 
             out.println("package sun.util.cldr;\n\n"
-                      + "import java.util.ListResourceBundle;\n");
-            out.printf("public class %s extends ListResourceBundle {\n", METAINFO_CLASS);
+                      + "import java.util.ListResourceBundle;\n"
+                      + "import sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleProviderAdapter;\n"
+                      + "import sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleDataMetaInfo;\n");
+            out.printf("public class %s extends ListResourceBundle implements LocaleDataMetaInfo {\n", METAINFO_CLASS);
             out.println("    @Override\n" +
                         "    protected final Object[][] getContents() {\n" +
                         "        final Object[][] data = new Object[][] {");
@@ -168,7 +170,15 @@ class ResourceBundleGenerator implements BundleGenerator {
                 out.printf("            { \"%s\",\n", key);
                 out.printf("              \"%s\" },\n", toLocaleList(metaInfo.get(key)));
             }
-            out.println("        };\n        return data;\n    }\n}");
+            out.println("        };\n        return data;\n    }\n\n");
+
+            out.println("    public LocaleProviderAdapter.Type getType() {\n" +
+                        "        return LocaleProviderAdapter.Type.CLDR;\n" +
+                        "    }\n\n");
+
+            out.println("    public String availableLanguageTags(String category) {\n" +
+                        "        return getString(category);\n" +
+                        "    };\n}");
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/String.java b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/String.java
index ce673fba2d4..00f57044624 100644
--- a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/String.java
+++ b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/String.java
@@ -2119,7 +2119,7 @@ public final class String
      * @since 1.5
      */
     public boolean contains(CharSequence s) {
-        return indexOf(s.toString()) > -1;
+        return indexOf(s.toString()) >= 0;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Arrays.java b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Arrays.java
index b7b75794ce4..628ce831ab6 100644
--- a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Arrays.java
+++ b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Arrays.java
@@ -3865,7 +3865,7 @@ public class Arrays {
 
         @Override
         public boolean contains(Object o) {
-            return indexOf(o) != -1;
+            return indexOf(o) >= 0;
         }
 
         @Override
diff --git a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/LinkedList.java b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/LinkedList.java
index 18a8b21ba80..343ded84d07 100644
--- a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/LinkedList.java
+++ b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/LinkedList.java
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ public class LinkedList
      * @return {@code true} if this list contains the specified element
      */
     public boolean contains(Object o) {
-        return indexOf(o) != -1;
+        return indexOf(o) >= 0;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/PriorityQueue.java b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/PriorityQueue.java
index b0fb9816be0..cc1af05aa36 100644
--- a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/PriorityQueue.java
+++ b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/PriorityQueue.java
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ public class PriorityQueue extends AbstractQueue
      * @return {@code true} if this queue contains the specified element
      */
     public boolean contains(Object o) {
-        return indexOf(o) != -1;
+        return indexOf(o) >= 0;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/ForkJoinPool.java b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/ForkJoinPool.java
index 9f5e14914d0..c3ebf04d343 100644
--- a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/ForkJoinPool.java
+++ b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/ForkJoinPool.java
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
 import java.util.concurrent.RunnableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
 import java.security.AccessControlContext;
 import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
 import java.security.Permissions;
@@ -80,9 +81,9 @@ import java.security.Permissions;
  *
  * 
For applications that require separate or custom pools, a {@code
  * ForkJoinPool} may be constructed with a given target parallelism
- * level; by default, equal to the number of available processors. The
- * pool attempts to maintain enough active (or available) threads by
- * dynamically adding, suspending, or resuming internal worker
+ * level; by default, equal to the number of available processors.
+ * The pool attempts to maintain enough active (or available) threads
+ * by dynamically adding, suspending, or resuming internal worker
  * threads, even if some tasks are stalled waiting to join others.
  * However, no such adjustments are guaranteed in the face of blocked
  * I/O or other unmanaged synchronization. The nested {@link
@@ -142,6 +143,9 @@ import java.security.Permissions;
  * - the class name of a {@link ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory}
  * 
  • {@code java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.common.exceptionHandler}
  * - the class name of a {@link UncaughtExceptionHandler}
+ * 
  • {@code java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.common.maximumSpares}
+ * - the maximum number of allowed extra threads to maintain target
+ * parallelism (default 256).
  * 
  * If a {@link SecurityManager} is present and no factory is
  * specified, then the default pool uses a factory supplying
@@ -178,7 +182,14 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * that may be stolen by other workers.  Preference rules give
      * first priority to processing tasks from their own queues (LIFO
      * or FIFO, depending on mode), then to randomized FIFO steals of
-     * tasks in other queues.
+     * tasks in other queues.  This framework began as vehicle for
+     * supporting tree-structured parallelism using work-stealing.
+     * Over time, its scalability advantages led to extensions and
+     * changes to better support more diverse usage contexts.  Because
+     * most internal methods and nested classes are interrelated,
+     * their main rationale and descriptions are presented here;
+     * individual methods and nested classes contain only brief
+     * comments about details.
      *
      * WorkQueues
      * ==========
@@ -198,201 +209,318 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * (http://research.sun.com/scalable/pubs/index.html) and
      * "Idempotent work stealing" by Michael, Saraswat, and Vechev,
      * PPoPP 2009 (http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1504186).
-     * See also "Correct and Efficient Work-Stealing for Weak Memory
-     * Models" by Le, Pop, Cohen, and Nardelli, PPoPP 2013
-     * (http://www.di.ens.fr/~zappa/readings/ppopp13.pdf) for an
-     * analysis of memory ordering (atomic, volatile etc) issues.  The
-     * main differences ultimately stem from GC requirements that we
-     * null out taken slots as soon as we can, to maintain as small a
-     * footprint as possible even in programs generating huge numbers
-     * of tasks. To accomplish this, we shift the CAS arbitrating pop
-     * vs poll (steal) from being on the indices ("base" and "top") to
-     * the slots themselves.  So, both a successful pop and poll
-     * mainly entail a CAS of a slot from non-null to null.  Because
-     * we rely on CASes of references, we do not need tag bits on base
-     * or top.  They are simple ints as used in any circular
+     * The main differences ultimately stem from GC requirements that
+     * we null out taken slots as soon as we can, to maintain as small
+     * a footprint as possible even in programs generating huge
+     * numbers of tasks. To accomplish this, we shift the CAS
+     * arbitrating pop vs poll (steal) from being on the indices
+     * ("base" and "top") to the slots themselves.
+     *
+     * Adding tasks then takes the form of a classic array push(task):
+     *    q.array[q.top] = task; ++q.top;
+     *
+     * (The actual code needs to null-check and size-check the array,
+     * properly fence the accesses, and possibly signal waiting
+     * workers to start scanning -- see below.)  Both a successful pop
+     * and poll mainly entail a CAS of a slot from non-null to null.
+     *
+     * The pop operation (always performed by owner) is:
+     *   if ((base != top) and
+     *        (the task at top slot is not null) and
+     *        (CAS slot to null))
+     *           decrement top and return task;
+     *
+     * And the poll operation (usually by a stealer) is
+     *    if ((base != top) and
+     *        (the task at base slot is not null) and
+     *        (base has not changed) and
+     *        (CAS slot to null))
+     *           increment base and return task;
+     *
+     * Because we rely on CASes of references, we do not need tag bits
+     * on base or top.  They are simple ints as used in any circular
      * array-based queue (see for example ArrayDeque).  Updates to the
-     * indices must still be ordered in a way that guarantees that top
-     * == base means the queue is empty, but otherwise may err on the
-     * side of possibly making the queue appear nonempty when a push,
-     * pop, or poll have not fully committed. Note that this means
-     * that the poll operation, considered individually, is not
-     * wait-free. One thief cannot successfully continue until another
-     * in-progress one (or, if previously empty, a push) completes.
-     * However, in the aggregate, we ensure at least probabilistic
+     * indices guarantee that top == base means the queue is empty,
+     * but otherwise may err on the side of possibly making the queue
+     * appear nonempty when a push, pop, or poll have not fully
+     * committed. (Method isEmpty() checks the case of a partially
+     * completed removal of the last element.)  Because of this, the
+     * poll operation, considered individually, is not wait-free. One
+     * thief cannot successfully continue until another in-progress
+     * one (or, if previously empty, a push) completes.  However, in
+     * the aggregate, we ensure at least probabilistic
      * non-blockingness.  If an attempted steal fails, a thief always
      * chooses a different random victim target to try next. So, in
      * order for one thief to progress, it suffices for any
      * in-progress poll or new push on any empty queue to
      * complete. (This is why we normally use method pollAt and its
      * variants that try once at the apparent base index, else
-     * consider alternative actions, rather than method poll.)
+     * consider alternative actions, rather than method poll, which
+     * retries.)
      *
-     * This approach also enables support of a user mode in which local
-     * task processing is in FIFO, not LIFO order, simply by using
-     * poll rather than pop.  This can be useful in message-passing
-     * frameworks in which tasks are never joined.  However neither
-     * mode considers affinities, loads, cache localities, etc, so
-     * rarely provide the best possible performance on a given
-     * machine, but portably provide good throughput by averaging over
-     * these factors.  (Further, even if we did try to use such
-     * information, we do not usually have a basis for exploiting it.
-     * For example, some sets of tasks profit from cache affinities,
-     * but others are harmed by cache pollution effects.)
+     * This approach also enables support of a user mode in which
+     * local task processing is in FIFO, not LIFO order, simply by
+     * using poll rather than pop.  This can be useful in
+     * message-passing frameworks in which tasks are never joined.
+     * However neither mode considers affinities, loads, cache
+     * localities, etc, so rarely provide the best possible
+     * performance on a given machine, but portably provide good
+     * throughput by averaging over these factors.  Further, even if
+     * we did try to use such information, we do not usually have a
+     * basis for exploiting it.  For example, some sets of tasks
+     * profit from cache affinities, but others are harmed by cache
+     * pollution effects. Additionally, even though it requires
+     * scanning, long-term throughput is often best using random
+     * selection rather than directed selection policies, so cheap
+     * randomization of sufficient quality is used whenever
+     * applicable.  Various Marsaglia XorShifts (some with different
+     * shift constants) are inlined at use points.
      *
      * WorkQueues are also used in a similar way for tasks submitted
      * to the pool. We cannot mix these tasks in the same queues used
-     * for work-stealing (this would contaminate lifo/fifo
-     * processing). Instead, we randomly associate submission queues
+     * by workers. Instead, we randomly associate submission queues
      * with submitting threads, using a form of hashing.  The
      * ThreadLocalRandom probe value serves as a hash code for
      * choosing existing queues, and may be randomly repositioned upon
      * contention with other submitters.  In essence, submitters act
      * like workers except that they are restricted to executing local
      * tasks that they submitted (or in the case of CountedCompleters,
-     * others with the same root task).  However, because most
-     * shared/external queue operations are more expensive than
-     * internal, and because, at steady state, external submitters
-     * will compete for CPU with workers, ForkJoinTask.join and
-     * related methods disable them from repeatedly helping to process
-     * tasks if all workers are active.  Insertion of tasks in shared
+     * others with the same root task).  Insertion of tasks in shared
      * mode requires a lock (mainly to protect in the case of
-     * resizing) but we use only a simple spinlock (using bits in
-     * field qlock), because submitters encountering a busy queue move
-     * on to try or create other queues -- they block only when
-     * creating and registering new queues.
+     * resizing) but we use only a simple spinlock (using field
+     * qlock), because submitters encountering a busy queue move on to
+     * try or create other queues -- they block only when creating and
+     * registering new queues. Additionally, "qlock" saturates to an
+     * unlockable value (-1) at shutdown. Unlocking still can be and
+     * is performed by cheaper ordered writes of "qlock" in successful
+     * cases, but uses CAS in unsuccessful cases.
      *
      * Management
      * ==========
      *
      * The main throughput advantages of work-stealing stem from
      * decentralized control -- workers mostly take tasks from
-     * themselves or each other. We cannot negate this in the
-     * implementation of other management responsibilities. The main
-     * tactic for avoiding bottlenecks is packing nearly all
-     * essentially atomic control state into two volatile variables
-     * that are by far most often read (not written) as status and
-     * consistency checks.
+     * themselves or each other, at rates that can exceed a billion
+     * per second.  The pool itself creates, activates (enables
+     * scanning for and running tasks), deactivates, blocks, and
+     * terminates threads, all with minimal central information.
+     * There are only a few properties that we can globally track or
+     * maintain, so we pack them into a small number of variables,
+     * often maintaining atomicity without blocking or locking.
+     * Nearly all essentially atomic control state is held in two
+     * volatile variables that are by far most often read (not
+     * written) as status and consistency checks. (Also, field
+     * "config" holds unchanging configuration state.)
      *
-     * Field "ctl" contains 64 bits holding all the information needed
-     * to atomically decide to add, inactivate, enqueue (on an event
+     * Field "ctl" contains 64 bits holding information needed to
+     * atomically decide to add, inactivate, enqueue (on an event
      * queue), dequeue, and/or re-activate workers.  To enable this
      * packing, we restrict maximum parallelism to (1<<15)-1 (which is
      * far in excess of normal operating range) to allow ids, counts,
      * and their negations (used for thresholding) to fit into 16bit
-     * fields.
+     * subfields.
      *
-     * Field "plock" is a form of sequence lock with a saturating
-     * shutdown bit (similarly for per-queue "qlocks"), mainly
-     * protecting updates to the workQueues array, as well as to
-     * enable shutdown.  When used as a lock, it is normally only very
-     * briefly held, so is nearly always available after at most a
-     * brief spin, but we use a monitor-based backup strategy to
-     * block when needed.
+     * Field "runState" holds lockable state bits (STARTED, STOP, etc)
+     * also protecting updates to the workQueues array.  When used as
+     * a lock, it is normally held only for a few instructions (the
+     * only exceptions are one-time array initialization and uncommon
+     * resizing), so is nearly always available after at most a brief
+     * spin. But to be extra-cautious, after spinning, method
+     * awaitRunStateLock (called only if an initial CAS fails), uses a
+     * wait/notify mechanics on a builtin monitor to block when
+     * (rarely) needed. This would be a terrible idea for a highly
+     * contended lock, but most pools run without the lock ever
+     * contending after the spin limit, so this works fine as a more
+     * conservative alternative. Because we don't otherwise have an
+     * internal Object to use as a monitor, the "stealCounter" (an
+     * AtomicLong) is used when available (it too must be lazily
+     * initialized; see externalSubmit).
+     *
+     * Usages of "runState" vs "ctl" interact in only one case:
+     * deciding to add a worker thread (see tryAddWorker), in which
+     * case the ctl CAS is performed while the lock is held.
      *
      * Recording WorkQueues.  WorkQueues are recorded in the
-     * "workQueues" array that is created upon first use and expanded
-     * if necessary.  Updates to the array while recording new workers
-     * and unrecording terminated ones are protected from each other
-     * by a lock but the array is otherwise concurrently readable, and
-     * accessed directly.  To simplify index-based operations, the
-     * array size is always a power of two, and all readers must
-     * tolerate null slots. Worker queues are at odd indices. Shared
-     * (submission) queues are at even indices, up to a maximum of 64
-     * slots, to limit growth even if array needs to expand to add
-     * more workers. Grouping them together in this way simplifies and
-     * speeds up task scanning.
+     * "workQueues" array. The array is created upon first use (see
+     * externalSubmit) and expanded if necessary.  Updates to the
+     * array while recording new workers and unrecording terminated
+     * ones are protected from each other by the runState lock, but
+     * the array is otherwise concurrently readable, and accessed
+     * directly. We also ensure that reads of the array reference
+     * itself never become too stale. To simplify index-based
+     * operations, the array size is always a power of two, and all
+     * readers must tolerate null slots. Worker queues are at odd
+     * indices. Shared (submission) queues are at even indices, up to
+     * a maximum of 64 slots, to limit growth even if array needs to
+     * expand to add more workers. Grouping them together in this way
+     * simplifies and speeds up task scanning.
      *
      * All worker thread creation is on-demand, triggered by task
      * submissions, replacement of terminated workers, and/or
      * compensation for blocked workers. However, all other support
      * code is set up to work with other policies.  To ensure that we
-     * do not hold on to worker references that would prevent GC, ALL
+     * do not hold on to worker references that would prevent GC, All
      * accesses to workQueues are via indices into the workQueues
      * array (which is one source of some of the messy code
      * constructions here). In essence, the workQueues array serves as
-     * a weak reference mechanism. Thus for example the wait queue
-     * field of ctl stores indices, not references.  Access to the
-     * workQueues in associated methods (for example signalWork) must
-     * both index-check and null-check the IDs. All such accesses
-     * ignore bad IDs by returning out early from what they are doing,
-     * since this can only be associated with termination, in which
-     * case it is OK to give up.  All uses of the workQueues array
-     * also check that it is non-null (even if previously
-     * non-null). This allows nulling during termination, which is
-     * currently not necessary, but remains an option for
-     * resource-revocation-based shutdown schemes. It also helps
-     * reduce JIT issuance of uncommon-trap code, which tends to
-     * unnecessarily complicate control flow in some methods.
+     * a weak reference mechanism. Thus for example the stack top
+     * subfield of ctl stores indices, not references.
      *
-     * Event Queuing. Unlike HPC work-stealing frameworks, we cannot
-     * let workers spin indefinitely scanning for tasks when none can
-     * be found immediately, and we cannot start/resume workers unless
-     * there appear to be tasks available.  On the other hand, we must
-     * quickly prod them into action when new tasks are submitted or
-     * generated. In many usages, ramp-up time to activate workers is
-     * the main limiting factor in overall performance (this is
-     * compounded at program start-up by JIT compilation and
-     * allocation). So we try to streamline this as much as possible.
-     * We park/unpark workers after placing in an event wait queue
-     * when they cannot find work. This "queue" is actually a simple
-     * Treiber stack, headed by the "id" field of ctl, plus a 15bit
-     * counter value (that reflects the number of times a worker has
-     * been inactivated) to avoid ABA effects (we need only as many
-     * version numbers as worker threads). Successors are held in
-     * field WorkQueue.nextWait.  Queuing deals with several intrinsic
-     * races, mainly that a task-producing thread can miss seeing (and
-     * signalling) another thread that gave up looking for work but
-     * has not yet entered the wait queue. We solve this by requiring
-     * a full sweep of all workers (via repeated calls to method
-     * scan()) both before and after a newly waiting worker is added
-     * to the wait queue.  Because enqueued workers may actually be
-     * rescanning rather than waiting, we set and clear the "parker"
+     * Queuing Idle Workers. Unlike HPC work-stealing frameworks, we
+     * cannot let workers spin indefinitely scanning for tasks when
+     * none can be found immediately, and we cannot start/resume
+     * workers unless there appear to be tasks available.  On the
+     * other hand, we must quickly prod them into action when new
+     * tasks are submitted or generated. In many usages, ramp-up time
+     * to activate workers is the main limiting factor in overall
+     * performance, which is compounded at program start-up by JIT
+     * compilation and allocation. So we streamline this as much as
+     * possible.
+     *
+     * The "ctl" field atomically maintains active and total worker
+     * counts as well as a queue to place waiting threads so they can
+     * be located for signalling. Active counts also play the role of
+     * quiescence indicators, so are decremented when workers believe
+     * that there are no more tasks to execute. The "queue" is
+     * actually a form of Treiber stack.  A stack is ideal for
+     * activating threads in most-recently used order. This improves
+     * performance and locality, outweighing the disadvantages of
+     * being prone to contention and inability to release a worker
+     * unless it is topmost on stack.  We park/unpark workers after
+     * pushing on the idle worker stack (represented by the lower
+     * 32bit subfield of ctl) when they cannot find work.  The top
+     * stack state holds the value of the "scanState" field of the
+     * worker: its index and status, plus a version counter that, in
+     * addition to the count subfields (also serving as version
+     * stamps) provide protection against Treiber stack ABA effects.
+     *
+     * Field scanState is used by both workers and the pool to manage
+     * and track whether a worker is INACTIVE (possibly blocked
+     * waiting for a signal), or SCANNING for tasks (when neither hold
+     * it is busy running tasks).  When a worker is inactivated, its
+     * scanState field is set, and is prevented from executing tasks,
+     * even though it must scan once for them to avoid queuing
+     * races. Note that scanState updates lag queue CAS releases so
+     * usage requires care. When queued, the lower 16 bits of
+     * scanState must hold its pool index. So we place the index there
+     * upon initialization (see registerWorker) and otherwise keep it
+     * there or restore it when necessary.
+     *
+     * Memory ordering.  See "Correct and Efficient Work-Stealing for
+     * Weak Memory Models" by Le, Pop, Cohen, and Nardelli, PPoPP 2013
+     * (http://www.di.ens.fr/~zappa/readings/ppopp13.pdf) for an
+     * analysis of memory ordering requirements in work-stealing
+     * algorithms similar to the one used here.  We usually need
+     * stronger than minimal ordering because we must sometimes signal
+     * workers, requiring Dekker-like full-fences to avoid lost
+     * signals.  Arranging for enough ordering without expensive
+     * over-fencing requires tradeoffs among the supported means of
+     * expressing access constraints. The most central operations,
+     * taking from queues and updating ctl state, require full-fence
+     * CAS.  Array slots are read using the emulation of volatiles
+     * provided by Unsafe.  Access from other threads to WorkQueue
+     * base, top, and array requires a volatile load of the first of
+     * any of these read.  We use the convention of declaring the
+     * "base" index volatile, and always read it before other fields.
+     * The owner thread must ensure ordered updates, so writes use
+     * ordered intrinsics unless they can piggyback on those for other
+     * writes.  Similar conventions and rationales hold for other
+     * WorkQueue fields (such as "currentSteal") that are only written
+     * by owners but observed by others.
+     *
+     * Creating workers. To create a worker, we pre-increment total
+     * count (serving as a reservation), and attempt to construct a
+     * ForkJoinWorkerThread via its factory. Upon construction, the
+     * new thread invokes registerWorker, where it constructs a
+     * WorkQueue and is assigned an index in the workQueues array
+     * (expanding the array if necessary). The thread is then
+     * started. Upon any exception across these steps, or null return
+     * from factory, deregisterWorker adjusts counts and records
+     * accordingly.  If a null return, the pool continues running with
+     * fewer than the target number workers. If exceptional, the
+     * exception is propagated, generally to some external caller.
+     * Worker index assignment avoids the bias in scanning that would
+     * occur if entries were sequentially packed starting at the front
+     * of the workQueues array. We treat the array as a simple
+     * power-of-two hash table, expanding as needed. The seedIndex
+     * increment ensures no collisions until a resize is needed or a
+     * worker is deregistered and replaced, and thereafter keeps
+     * probability of collision low. We cannot use
+     * ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe() for similar purposes here because
+     * the thread has not started yet, but do so for creating
+     * submission queues for existing external threads.
+     *
+     * Deactivation and waiting. Queuing encounters several intrinsic
+     * races; most notably that a task-producing thread can miss
+     * seeing (and signalling) another thread that gave up looking for
+     * work but has not yet entered the wait queue.  When a worker
+     * cannot find a task to steal, it deactivates and enqueues. Very
+     * often, the lack of tasks is transient due to GC or OS
+     * scheduling. To reduce false-alarm deactivation, scanners
+     * compute checksums of queue states during sweeps.  (The
+     * stability checks used here and elsewhere are probabilistic
+     * variants of snapshot techniques -- see Herlihy & Shavit.)
+     * Workers give up and try to deactivate only after the sum is
+     * stable across scans. Further, to avoid missed signals, they
+     * repeat this scanning process after successful enqueuing until
+     * again stable.  In this state, the worker cannot take/run a task
+     * it sees until it is released from the queue, so the worker
+     * itself eventually tries to release itself or any successor (see
+     * tryRelease).  Otherwise, upon an empty scan, a deactivated
+     * worker uses an adaptive local spin construction (see awaitWork)
+     * before blocking (via park). Note the unusual conventions about
+     * Thread.interrupts surrounding parking and other blocking:
+     * Because interrupts are used solely to alert threads to check
+     * termination, which is checked anyway upon blocking, we clear
+     * status (using Thread.interrupted) before any call to park, so
+     * that park does not immediately return due to status being set
+     * via some other unrelated call to interrupt in user code.
+     *
+     * Signalling and activation.  Workers are created or activated
+     * only when there appears to be at least one task they might be
+     * able to find and execute.  Upon push (either by a worker or an
+     * external submission) to a previously (possibly) empty queue,
+     * workers are signalled if idle, or created if fewer exist than
+     * the given parallelism level.  These primary signals are
+     * buttressed by others whenever other threads remove a task from
+     * a queue and notice that there are other tasks there as well.
+     * On most platforms, signalling (unpark) overhead time is
+     * noticeably long, and the time between signalling a thread and
+     * it actually making progress can be very noticeably long, so it
+     * is worth offloading these delays from critical paths as much as
+     * possible. Also, because inactive workers are often rescanning
+     * or spinning rather than blocking, we set and clear the "parker"
      * field of WorkQueues to reduce unnecessary calls to unpark.
      * (This requires a secondary recheck to avoid missed signals.)
-     * Note the unusual conventions about Thread.interrupts
-     * surrounding parking and other blocking: Because interrupts are
-     * used solely to alert threads to check termination, which is
-     * checked anyway upon blocking, we clear status (using
-     * Thread.interrupted) before any call to park, so that park does
-     * not immediately return due to status being set via some other
-     * unrelated call to interrupt in user code.
-     *
-     * Signalling.  We create or wake up workers only when there
-     * appears to be at least one task they might be able to find and
-     * execute.  When a submission is added or another worker adds a
-     * task to a queue that has fewer than two tasks, they signal
-     * waiting workers (or trigger creation of new ones if fewer than
-     * the given parallelism level -- signalWork).  These primary
-     * signals are buttressed by others whenever other threads remove
-     * a task from a queue and notice that there are other tasks there
-     * as well.  So in general, pools will be over-signalled. On most
-     * platforms, signalling (unpark) overhead time is noticeably
-     * long, and the time between signalling a thread and it actually
-     * making progress can be very noticeably long, so it is worth
-     * offloading these delays from critical paths as much as
-     * possible. Additionally, workers spin-down gradually, by staying
-     * alive so long as they see the ctl state changing.  Similar
-     * stability-sensing techniques are also used before blocking in
-     * awaitJoin and helpComplete.
      *
      * Trimming workers. To release resources after periods of lack of
      * use, a worker starting to wait when the pool is quiescent will
-     * time out and terminate if the pool has remained quiescent for a
-     * given period -- a short period if there are more threads than
-     * parallelism, longer as the number of threads decreases. This
-     * will slowly propagate, eventually terminating all workers after
-     * periods of non-use.
+     * time out and terminate (see awaitWork) if the pool has remained
+     * quiescent for period IDLE_TIMEOUT, increasing the period as the
+     * number of threads decreases, eventually removing all workers.
+     * Also, when more than two spare threads exist, excess threads
+     * are immediately terminated at the next quiescent point.
+     * (Padding by two avoids hysteresis.)
+     *
+     * Shutdown and Termination. A call to shutdownNow invokes
+     * tryTerminate to atomically set a runState bit. The calling
+     * thread, as well as every other worker thereafter terminating,
+     * helps terminate others by setting their (qlock) status,
+     * cancelling their unprocessed tasks, and waking them up, doing
+     * so repeatedly until stable (but with a loop bounded by the
+     * number of workers).  Calls to non-abrupt shutdown() preface
+     * this by checking whether termination should commence. This
+     * relies primarily on the active count bits of "ctl" maintaining
+     * consensus -- tryTerminate is called from awaitWork whenever
+     * quiescent. However, external submitters do not take part in
+     * this consensus.  So, tryTerminate sweeps through queues (until
+     * stable) to ensure lack of in-flight submissions and workers
+     * about to process them before triggering the "STOP" phase of
+     * termination. (Note: there is an intrinsic conflict if
+     * helpQuiescePool is called when shutdown is enabled. Both wait
+     * for quiescence, but tryTerminate is biased to not trigger until
+     * helpQuiescePool completes.)
      *
-     * Shutdown and Termination. A call to shutdownNow atomically sets
-     * a plock bit and then (non-atomically) sets each worker's
-     * qlock status, cancels all unprocessed tasks, and wakes up
-     * all waiting workers.  Detecting whether termination should
-     * commence after a non-abrupt shutdown() call requires more work
-     * and bookkeeping. We need consensus about quiescence (i.e., that
-     * there is no more work). The active count provides a primary
-     * indication but non-abrupt shutdown still requires a rechecking
-     * scan for any workers that are inactive but not queued.
      *
      * Joining Tasks
      * =============
@@ -403,9 +531,9 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * just let them block (as in Thread.join).  We also cannot just
      * reassign the joiner's run-time stack with another and replace
      * it later, which would be a form of "continuation", that even if
-     * possible is not necessarily a good idea since we sometimes need
-     * both an unblocked task and its continuation to progress.
-     * Instead we combine two tactics:
+     * possible is not necessarily a good idea since we may need both
+     * an unblocked task and its continuation to progress.  Instead we
+     * combine two tactics:
      *
      *   Helping: Arranging for the joiner to execute some task that it
      *      would be running if the steal had not occurred.
@@ -425,16 +553,16 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * The ManagedBlocker extension API can't use helping so relies
      * only on compensation in method awaitBlocker.
      *
-     * The algorithm in tryHelpStealer entails a form of "linear"
-     * helping: Each worker records (in field currentSteal) the most
-     * recent task it stole from some other worker. Plus, it records
-     * (in field currentJoin) the task it is currently actively
-     * joining. Method tryHelpStealer uses these markers to try to
-     * find a worker to help (i.e., steal back a task from and execute
-     * it) that could hasten completion of the actively joined task.
-     * In essence, the joiner executes a task that would be on its own
-     * local deque had the to-be-joined task not been stolen. This may
-     * be seen as a conservative variant of the approach in Wagner &
+     * The algorithm in helpStealer entails a form of "linear
+     * helping".  Each worker records (in field currentSteal) the most
+     * recent task it stole from some other worker (or a submission).
+     * It also records (in field currentJoin) the task it is currently
+     * actively joining. Method helpStealer uses these markers to try
+     * to find a worker to help (i.e., steal back a task from and
+     * execute it) that could hasten completion of the actively joined
+     * task.  Thus, the joiner executes a task that would be on its
+     * own local deque had the to-be-joined task not been stolen. This
+     * is a conservative variant of the approach described in Wagner &
      * Calder "Leapfrogging: a portable technique for implementing
      * efficient futures" SIGPLAN Notices, 1993
      * (http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=155354). It differs in
@@ -452,37 +580,40 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * which means that we miss links in the chain during long-lived
      * tasks, GC stalls etc (which is OK since blocking in such cases
      * is usually a good idea).  (4) We bound the number of attempts
-     * to find work (see MAX_HELP) and fall back to suspending the
+     * to find work using checksums and fall back to suspending the
      * worker and if necessary replacing it with another.
      *
-     * Helping actions for CountedCompleters are much simpler: Method
-     * helpComplete can take and execute any task with the same root
-     * as the task being waited on. However, this still entails some
-     * traversal of completer chains, so is less efficient than using
-     * CountedCompleters without explicit joins.
+     * Helping actions for CountedCompleters do not require tracking
+     * currentJoins: Method helpComplete takes and executes any task
+     * with the same root as the task being waited on (preferring
+     * local pops to non-local polls). However, this still entails
+     * some traversal of completer chains, so is less efficient than
+     * using CountedCompleters without explicit joins.
      *
-     * It is impossible to keep exactly the target parallelism number
-     * of threads running at any given time.  Determining the
-     * existence of conservatively safe helping targets, the
-     * availability of already-created spares, and the apparent need
-     * to create new spares are all racy, so we rely on multiple
-     * retries of each.  Compensation in the apparent absence of
-     * helping opportunities is challenging to control on JVMs, where
-     * GC and other activities can stall progress of tasks that in
-     * turn stall out many other dependent tasks, without us being
-     * able to determine whether they will ever require compensation.
-     * Even though work-stealing otherwise encounters little
-     * degradation in the presence of more threads than cores,
-     * aggressively adding new threads in such cases entails risk of
-     * unwanted positive feedback control loops in which more threads
-     * cause more dependent stalls (as well as delayed progress of
-     * unblocked threads to the point that we know they are available)
-     * leading to more situations requiring more threads, and so
-     * on. This aspect of control can be seen as an (analytically
-     * intractable) game with an opponent that may choose the worst
-     * (for us) active thread to stall at any time.  We take several
-     * precautions to bound losses (and thus bound gains), mainly in
-     * methods tryCompensate and awaitJoin.
+     * Compensation does not aim to keep exactly the target
+     * parallelism number of unblocked threads running at any given
+     * time. Some previous versions of this class employed immediate
+     * compensations for any blocked join. However, in practice, the
+     * vast majority of blockages are transient byproducts of GC and
+     * other JVM or OS activities that are made worse by replacement.
+     * Currently, compensation is attempted only after validating that
+     * all purportedly active threads are processing tasks by checking
+     * field WorkQueue.scanState, which eliminates most false
+     * positives.  Also, compensation is bypassed (tolerating fewer
+     * threads) in the most common case in which it is rarely
+     * beneficial: when a worker with an empty queue (thus no
+     * continuation tasks) blocks on a join and there still remain
+     * enough threads to ensure liveness.
+     *
+     * The compensation mechanism may be bounded.  Bounds for the
+     * commonPool (see commonMaxSpares) better enable JVMs to cope
+     * with programming errors and abuse before running out of
+     * resources to do so. In other cases, users may supply factories
+     * that limit thread construction. The effects of bounding in this
+     * pool (like all others) is imprecise.  Total worker counts are
+     * decremented when threads deregister, not when they exit and
+     * resources are reclaimed by the JVM and OS. So the number of
+     * simultaneously live threads may transiently exceed bounds.
      *
      * Common Pool
      * ===========
@@ -492,34 +623,52 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * never be used, we minimize initial construction overhead and
      * footprint to the setup of about a dozen fields, with no nested
      * allocation. Most bootstrapping occurs within method
-     * fullExternalPush during the first submission to the pool.
+     * externalSubmit during the first submission to the pool.
      *
      * When external threads submit to the common pool, they can
-     * perform subtask processing (see externalHelpJoin and related
-     * methods).  This caller-helps policy makes it sensible to set
-     * common pool parallelism level to one (or more) less than the
-     * total number of available cores, or even zero for pure
-     * caller-runs.  We do not need to record whether external
-     * submissions are to the common pool -- if not, externalHelpJoin
-     * returns quickly (at the most helping to signal some common pool
-     * workers). These submitters would otherwise be blocked waiting
-     * for completion, so the extra effort (with liberally sprinkled
-     * task status checks) in inapplicable cases amounts to an odd
-     * form of limited spin-wait before blocking in ForkJoinTask.join.
+     * perform subtask processing (see externalHelpComplete and
+     * related methods) upon joins.  This caller-helps policy makes it
+     * sensible to set common pool parallelism level to one (or more)
+     * less than the total number of available cores, or even zero for
+     * pure caller-runs.  We do not need to record whether external
+     * submissions are to the common pool -- if not, external help
+     * methods return quickly. These submitters would otherwise be
+     * blocked waiting for completion, so the extra effort (with
+     * liberally sprinkled task status checks) in inapplicable cases
+     * amounts to an odd form of limited spin-wait before blocking in
+     * ForkJoinTask.join.
      *
      * As a more appropriate default in managed environments, unless
      * overridden by system properties, we use workers of subclass
      * InnocuousForkJoinWorkerThread when there is a SecurityManager
      * present. These workers have no permissions set, do not belong
      * to any user-defined ThreadGroup, and erase all ThreadLocals
-     * after executing any top-level task (see WorkQueue.runTask). The
-     * associated mechanics (mainly in ForkJoinWorkerThread) may be
-     * JVM-dependent and must access particular Thread class fields to
-     * achieve this effect.
+     * after executing any top-level task (see WorkQueue.runTask).
+     * The associated mechanics (mainly in ForkJoinWorkerThread) may
+     * be JVM-dependent and must access particular Thread class fields
+     * to achieve this effect.
      *
      * Style notes
      * ===========
      *
+     * Memory ordering relies mainly on Unsafe intrinsics that carry
+     * the further responsibility of explicitly performing null- and
+     * bounds- checks otherwise carried out implicitly by JVMs.  This
+     * can be awkward and ugly, but also reflects the need to control
+     * outcomes across the unusual cases that arise in very racy code
+     * with very few invariants. So these explicit checks would exist
+     * in some form anyway.  All fields are read into locals before
+     * use, and null-checked if they are references.  This is usually
+     * done in a "C"-like style of listing declarations at the heads
+     * of methods or blocks, and using inline assignments on first
+     * encounter.  Array bounds-checks are usually performed by
+     * masking with array.length-1, which relies on the invariant that
+     * these arrays are created with positive lengths, which is itself
+     * paranoically checked. Nearly all explicit checks lead to
+     * bypass/return, not exception throws, because they may
+     * legitimately arise due to cancellation/revocation during
+     * shutdown.
+     *
      * There is a lot of representation-level coupling among classes
      * ForkJoinPool, ForkJoinWorkerThread, and ForkJoinTask.  The
      * fields of WorkQueue maintain data structures managed by
@@ -527,22 +676,13 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * trying to reduce this, since any associated future changes in
      * representations will need to be accompanied by algorithmic
      * changes anyway. Several methods intrinsically sprawl because
-     * they must accumulate sets of consistent reads of volatiles held
-     * in local variables.  Methods signalWork() and scan() are the
-     * main bottlenecks, so are especially heavily
-     * micro-optimized/mangled.  There are lots of inline assignments
-     * (of form "while ((local = field) != 0)") which are usually the
-     * simplest way to ensure the required read orderings (which are
-     * sometimes critical). This leads to a "C"-like style of listing
-     * declarations of these locals at the heads of methods or blocks.
-     * There are several occurrences of the unusual "do {} while
-     * (!cas...)"  which is the simplest way to force an update of a
-     * CAS'ed variable. There are also other coding oddities (including
-     * several unnecessary-looking hoisted null checks) that help
-     * some methods perform reasonably even when interpreted (not
-     * compiled).
+     * they must accumulate sets of consistent reads of fields held in
+     * local variables.  There are also other coding oddities
+     * (including several unnecessary-looking hoisted null checks)
+     * that help some methods perform reasonably even when interpreted
+     * (not compiled).
      *
-     * The order of declarations in this file is:
+     * The order of declarations in this file is (with a few exceptions):
      * (1) Static utility functions
      * (2) Nested (static) classes
      * (3) Static fields
@@ -609,56 +749,37 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
         public final boolean exec() { return true; }
     }
 
+    // Constants shared across ForkJoinPool and WorkQueue
+
+    // Bounds
+    static final int SMASK        = 0xffff;        // short bits == max index
+    static final int MAX_CAP      = 0x7fff;        // max #workers - 1
+    static final int EVENMASK     = 0xfffe;        // even short bits
+    static final int SQMASK       = 0x007e;        // max 64 (even) slots
+
+    // Masks and units for WorkQueue.scanState and ctl sp subfield
+    static final int SCANNING     = 1;             // false when running tasks
+    static final int INACTIVE     = 1 << 31;       // must be negative
+    static final int SS_SEQ       = 1 << 16;       // version count
+
+    // Mode bits for ForkJoinPool.config and WorkQueue.config
+    static final int MODE_MASK    = 0xffff << 16;  // top half of int
+    static final int LIFO_QUEUE   = 0;
+    static final int FIFO_QUEUE   = 1 << 16;
+    static final int SHARED_QUEUE = 1 << 31;       // must be negative
+
     /**
      * Queues supporting work-stealing as well as external task
-     * submission. See above for main rationale and algorithms.
-     * Implementation relies heavily on "Unsafe" intrinsics
-     * and selective use of "volatile":
-     *
-     * Field "base" is the index (mod array.length) of the least valid
-     * queue slot, which is always the next position to steal (poll)
-     * from if nonempty. Reads and writes require volatile orderings
-     * but not CAS, because updates are only performed after slot
-     * CASes.
-     *
-     * Field "top" is the index (mod array.length) of the next queue
-     * slot to push to or pop from. It is written only by owner thread
-     * for push, or under lock for external/shared push, and accessed
-     * by other threads only after reading (volatile) base.  Both top
-     * and base are allowed to wrap around on overflow, but (top -
-     * base) (or more commonly -(base - top) to force volatile read of
-     * base before top) still estimates size. The lock ("qlock") is
-     * forced to -1 on termination, causing all further lock attempts
-     * to fail. (Note: we don't need CAS for termination state because
-     * upon pool shutdown, all shared-queues will stop being used
-     * anyway.)  Nearly all lock bodies are set up so that exceptions
-     * within lock bodies are "impossible" (modulo JVM errors that
-     * would cause failure anyway.)
-     *
-     * The array slots are read and written using the emulation of
-     * volatiles/atomics provided by Unsafe. Insertions must in
-     * general use putOrderedObject as a form of releasing store to
-     * ensure that all writes to the task object are ordered before
-     * its publication in the queue.  All removals entail a CAS to
-     * null.  The array is always a power of two. To ensure safety of
-     * Unsafe array operations, all accesses perform explicit null
-     * checks and implicit bounds checks via power-of-two masking.
-     *
-     * In addition to basic queuing support, this class contains
-     * fields described elsewhere to control execution. It turns out
-     * to work better memory-layout-wise to include them in this class
-     * rather than a separate class.
-     *
+     * submission. See above for descriptions and algorithms.
      * Performance on most platforms is very sensitive to placement of
      * instances of both WorkQueues and their arrays -- we absolutely
      * do not want multiple WorkQueue instances or multiple queue
-     * arrays sharing cache lines. (It would be best for queue objects
-     * and their arrays to share, but there is nothing available to
-     * help arrange that). The @Contended annotation alerts JVMs to
-     * try to keep instances apart.
+     * arrays sharing cache lines. The @Contended annotation alerts
+     * JVMs to try to keep instances apart.
      */
     @sun.misc.Contended
     static final class WorkQueue {
+
         /**
          * Capacity of work-stealing queue array upon initialization.
          * Must be a power of two; at least 4, but should be larger to
@@ -679,13 +800,13 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
          */
         static final int MAXIMUM_QUEUE_CAPACITY = 1 << 26; // 64M
 
-        volatile int eventCount;   // encoded inactivation count; < 0 if inactive
-        int nextWait;              // encoded record of next event waiter
+        // Instance fields
+        volatile int scanState;    // versioned, <0: inactive; odd:scanning
+        int stackPred;             // pool stack (ctl) predecessor
         int nsteals;               // number of steals
-        int hint;                  // steal index hint
-        short poolIndex;           // index of this queue in pool
-        final short mode;          // 0: lifo, > 0: fifo, < 0: shared
-        volatile int qlock;        // 1: locked, -1: terminate; else 0
+        int hint;                  // randomization and stealer index hint
+        int config;                // pool index and mode
+        volatile int qlock;        // 1: locked, < 0: terminate; else 0
         volatile int base;         // index of next slot for poll
         int top;                   // index of next slot for push
         ForkJoinTask[] array;   // the elements (initially unallocated)
@@ -693,18 +814,22 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
         final ForkJoinWorkerThread owner; // owning thread or null if shared
         volatile Thread parker;    // == owner during call to park; else null
         volatile ForkJoinTask currentJoin;  // task being joined in awaitJoin
-        ForkJoinTask currentSteal; // current non-local task being executed
+        volatile ForkJoinTask currentSteal; // mainly used by helpStealer
 
-        WorkQueue(ForkJoinPool pool, ForkJoinWorkerThread owner, int mode,
-                  int seed) {
+        WorkQueue(ForkJoinPool pool, ForkJoinWorkerThread owner) {
             this.pool = pool;
             this.owner = owner;
-            this.mode = (short)mode;
-            this.hint = seed; // store initial seed for runWorker
             // Place indices in the center of array (that is not yet allocated)
             base = top = INITIAL_QUEUE_CAPACITY >>> 1;
         }
 
+        /**
+         * Returns an exportable index (used by ForkJoinWorkerThread).
+         */
+        final int getPoolIndex() {
+            return (config & 0xffff) >>> 1; // ignore odd/even tag bit
+        }
+
         /**
          * Returns the approximate number of tasks in the queue.
          */
@@ -719,12 +844,10 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
          * near-empty queue has at least one unclaimed task.
          */
         final boolean isEmpty() {
-            ForkJoinTask[] a; int m, s;
-            int n = base - (s = top);
-            return (n >= 0 ||
-                    (n == -1 &&
-                     ((a = array) == null ||
-                      (m = a.length - 1) < 0 ||
+            ForkJoinTask[] a; int n, m, s;
+            return ((n = base - (s = top)) >= 0 ||
+                    (n == -1 &&           // possibly one task
+                     ((a = array) == null || (m = a.length - 1) < 0 ||
                       U.getObject
                       (a, (long)((m & (s - 1)) << ASHIFT) + ABASE) == null)));
         }
@@ -738,12 +861,15 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
          */
         final void push(ForkJoinTask task) {
             ForkJoinTask[] a; ForkJoinPool p;
-            int s = top, n;
+            int b = base, s = top, n;
             if ((a = array) != null) {    // ignore if queue removed
-                int m = a.length - 1;
+                int m = a.length - 1;     // fenced write for task visibility
                 U.putOrderedObject(a, ((m & s) << ASHIFT) + ABASE, task);
-                if ((n = (top = s + 1) - base) <= 2)
-                    (p = pool).signalWork(p.workQueues, this);
+                U.putOrderedInt(this, QTOP, s + 1);
+                if ((n = s - b) <= 1) {
+                    if ((p = pool) != null)
+                        p.signalWork(p.workQueues, this);
+                }
                 else if (n >= m)
                     growArray();
             }
@@ -764,7 +890,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
             if (oldA != null && (oldMask = oldA.length - 1) >= 0 &&
                 (t = top) - (b = base) > 0) {
                 int mask = size - 1;
-                do {
+                do { // emulate poll from old array, push to new array
                     ForkJoinTask x;
                     int oldj = ((b & oldMask) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
                     int j    = ((b &    mask) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
@@ -789,7 +915,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
                     if ((t = (ForkJoinTask)U.getObject(a, j)) == null)
                         break;
                     if (U.compareAndSwapObject(a, j, t, null)) {
-                        top = s;
+                        U.putOrderedInt(this, QTOP, s);
                         return t;
                     }
                 }
@@ -800,7 +926,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
         /**
          * Takes a task in FIFO order if b is base of queue and a task
          * can be claimed without contention. Specialized versions
-         * appear in ForkJoinPool methods scan and tryHelpStealer.
+         * appear in ForkJoinPool methods scan and helpStealer.
          */
         final ForkJoinTask pollAt(int b) {
             ForkJoinTask t; ForkJoinTask[] a;
@@ -808,7 +934,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
                 int j = (((a.length - 1) & b) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
                 if ((t = (ForkJoinTask)U.getObjectVolatile(a, j)) != null &&
                     base == b && U.compareAndSwapObject(a, j, t, null)) {
-                    U.putOrderedInt(this, QBASE, b + 1);
+                    base = b + 1;
                     return t;
                 }
             }
@@ -823,16 +949,15 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
             while ((b = base) - top < 0 && (a = array) != null) {
                 int j = (((a.length - 1) & b) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
                 t = (ForkJoinTask)U.getObjectVolatile(a, j);
-                if (t != null) {
-                    if (U.compareAndSwapObject(a, j, t, null)) {
-                        U.putOrderedInt(this, QBASE, b + 1);
-                        return t;
+                if (base == b) {
+                    if (t != null) {
+                        if (U.compareAndSwapObject(a, j, t, null)) {
+                            base = b + 1;
+                            return t;
+                        }
                     }
-                }
-                else if (base == b) {
-                    if (b + 1 == top)
+                    else if (b + 1 == top) // now empty
                         break;
-                    Thread.yield(); // wait for lagging update (very rare)
                 }
             }
             return null;
@@ -842,7 +967,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
          * Takes next task, if one exists, in order specified by mode.
          */
         final ForkJoinTask nextLocalTask() {
-            return mode == 0 ? pop() : poll();
+            return (config & FIFO_QUEUE) == 0 ? pop() : poll();
         }
 
         /**
@@ -852,7 +977,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
             ForkJoinTask[] a = array; int m;
             if (a == null || (m = a.length - 1) < 0)
                 return null;
-            int i = mode == 0 ? top - 1 : base;
+            int i = (config & FIFO_QUEUE) == 0 ? top - 1 : base;
             int j = ((i & m) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
             return (ForkJoinTask)U.getObjectVolatile(a, j);
         }
@@ -860,13 +985,13 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
         /**
          * Pops the given task only if it is at the current top.
          * (A shared version is available only via FJP.tryExternalUnpush)
-         */
+        */
         final boolean tryUnpush(ForkJoinTask t) {
             ForkJoinTask[] a; int s;
             if ((a = array) != null && (s = top) != base &&
                 U.compareAndSwapObject
                 (a, (((a.length - 1) & --s) << ASHIFT) + ABASE, t, null)) {
-                top = s;
+                U.putOrderedInt(this, QTOP, s);
                 return true;
             }
             return false;
@@ -876,9 +1001,16 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
          * Removes and cancels all known tasks, ignoring any exceptions.
          */
         final void cancelAll() {
-            ForkJoinTask.cancelIgnoringExceptions(currentJoin);
-            ForkJoinTask.cancelIgnoringExceptions(currentSteal);
-            for (ForkJoinTask t; (t = poll()) != null; )
+            ForkJoinTask t;
+            if ((t = currentJoin) != null) {
+                currentJoin = null;
+                ForkJoinTask.cancelIgnoringExceptions(t);
+            }
+            if ((t = currentSteal) != null) {
+                currentSteal = null;
+                ForkJoinTask.cancelIgnoringExceptions(t);
+            }
+            while ((t = poll()) != null)
                 ForkJoinTask.cancelIgnoringExceptions(t);
         }
 
@@ -893,167 +1025,186 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
         }
 
         /**
-         * Executes a top-level task and any local tasks remaining
-         * after execution.
+         * Removes and executes all local tasks. If LIFO, invokes
+         * pollAndExecAll. Otherwise implements a specialized pop loop
+         * to exec until empty.
          */
-        final void runTask(ForkJoinTask task) {
-            if ((currentSteal = task) != null) {
-                ForkJoinWorkerThread thread;
-                task.doExec();
-                ForkJoinTask[] a = array;
-                int md = mode;
-                ++nsteals;
-                currentSteal = null;
-                if (md != 0)
-                    pollAndExecAll();
-                else if (a != null) {
-                    int s, m = a.length - 1;
-                    ForkJoinTask t;
-                    while ((s = top - 1) - base >= 0 &&
-                           (t = (ForkJoinTask)U.getAndSetObject
-                            (a, ((m & s) << ASHIFT) + ABASE, null)) != null) {
-                        top = s;
+        final void execLocalTasks() {
+            int b = base, m, s;
+            ForkJoinTask[] a = array;
+            if (b - (s = top - 1) <= 0 && a != null &&
+                (m = a.length - 1) >= 0) {
+                if ((config & FIFO_QUEUE) == 0) {
+                    for (ForkJoinTask t;;) {
+                        if ((t = (ForkJoinTask)U.getAndSetObject
+                             (a, ((m & s) << ASHIFT) + ABASE, null)) == null)
+                            break;
+                        U.putOrderedInt(this, QTOP, s);
                         t.doExec();
+                        if (base - (s = top - 1) > 0)
+                            break;
                     }
                 }
-                if ((thread = owner) != null) // no need to do in finally clause
+                else
+                    pollAndExecAll();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Executes the given task and any remaining local tasks.
+         */
+        final void runTask(ForkJoinTask task) {
+            if (task != null) {
+                scanState &= ~SCANNING; // mark as busy
+                (currentSteal = task).doExec();
+                U.putOrderedObject(this, QCURRENTSTEAL, null); // release for GC
+                execLocalTasks();
+                ForkJoinWorkerThread thread = owner;
+                if (++nsteals < 0)      // collect on overflow
+                    transferStealCount(pool);
+                scanState |= SCANNING;
+                if (thread != null)
                     thread.afterTopLevelExec();
             }
         }
 
+        /**
+         * Adds steal count to pool stealCounter if it exists, and resets.
+         */
+        final void transferStealCount(ForkJoinPool p) {
+            AtomicLong sc;
+            if (p != null && (sc = p.stealCounter) != null) {
+                int s = nsteals;
+                nsteals = 0;            // if negative, correct for overflow
+                sc.getAndAdd((long)(s < 0 ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : s));
+            }
+        }
+
         /**
          * If present, removes from queue and executes the given task,
-         * or any other cancelled task. Returns (true) on any CAS
-         * or consistency check failure so caller can retry.
+         * or any other cancelled task. Used only by awaitJoin.
          *
-         * @return false if no progress can be made, else true
+         * @return true if queue empty and task not known to be done
          */
         final boolean tryRemoveAndExec(ForkJoinTask task) {
-            boolean stat;
             ForkJoinTask[] a; int m, s, b, n;
-            if (task != null && (a = array) != null && (m = a.length - 1) >= 0 &&
-                (n = (s = top) - (b = base)) > 0) {
-                boolean removed = false, empty = true;
-                stat = true;
-                for (ForkJoinTask t;;) {           // traverse from s to b
-                    long j = ((--s & m) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
-                    t = (ForkJoinTask)U.getObject(a, j);
-                    if (t == null)                    // inconsistent length
-                        break;
-                    else if (t == task) {
-                        if (s + 1 == top) {           // pop
-                            if (!U.compareAndSwapObject(a, j, task, null))
-                                break;
-                            top = s;
-                            removed = true;
+            if ((a = array) != null && (m = a.length - 1) >= 0 &&
+                task != null) {
+                while ((n = (s = top) - (b = base)) > 0) {
+                    for (ForkJoinTask t;;) {      // traverse from s to b
+                        long j = ((--s & m) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
+                        if ((t = (ForkJoinTask)U.getObject(a, j)) == null)
+                            return s + 1 == top;     // shorter than expected
+                        else if (t == task) {
+                            boolean removed = false;
+                            if (s + 1 == top) {      // pop
+                                if (U.compareAndSwapObject(a, j, task, null)) {
+                                    U.putOrderedInt(this, QTOP, s);
+                                    removed = true;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else if (base == b)      // replace with proxy
+                                removed = U.compareAndSwapObject(
+                                    a, j, task, new EmptyTask());
+                            if (removed)
+                                task.doExec();
+                            break;
                         }
-                        else if (base == b)           // replace with proxy
-                            removed = U.compareAndSwapObject(a, j, task,
-                                                             new EmptyTask());
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    else if (t.status >= 0)
-                        empty = false;
-                    else if (s + 1 == top) {          // pop and throw away
-                        if (U.compareAndSwapObject(a, j, t, null))
-                            top = s;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    if (--n == 0) {
-                        if (!empty && base == b)
-                            stat = false;
-                        break;
+                        else if (t.status < 0 && s + 1 == top) {
+                            if (U.compareAndSwapObject(a, j, t, null))
+                                U.putOrderedInt(this, QTOP, s);
+                            break;                  // was cancelled
+                        }
+                        if (--n == 0)
+                            return false;
                     }
+                    if (task.status < 0)
+                        return false;
                 }
-                if (removed)
-                    task.doExec();
             }
-            else
-                stat = false;
-            return stat;
+            return true;
         }
 
         /**
-         * Tries to poll for and execute the given task or any other
-         * task in its CountedCompleter computation.
+         * Pops task if in the same CC computation as the given task,
+         * in either shared or owned mode. Used only by helpComplete.
          */
-        final boolean pollAndExecCC(CountedCompleter root) {
-            ForkJoinTask[] a; int b; Object o; CountedCompleter t, r;
-            if ((b = base) - top < 0 && (a = array) != null) {
+        final CountedCompleter popCC(CountedCompleter task, int mode) {
+            int s; ForkJoinTask[] a; Object o;
+            if (base - (s = top) < 0 && (a = array) != null) {
+                long j = (((a.length - 1) & (s - 1)) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
+                if ((o = U.getObjectVolatile(a, j)) != null &&
+                    (o instanceof CountedCompleter)) {
+                    CountedCompleter t = (CountedCompleter)o;
+                    for (CountedCompleter r = t;;) {
+                        if (r == task) {
+                            if (mode < 0) { // must lock
+                                if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, QLOCK, 0, 1)) {
+                                    if (top == s && array == a &&
+                                        U.compareAndSwapObject(a, j, t, null)) {
+                                        U.putOrderedInt(this, QTOP, s - 1);
+                                        U.putOrderedInt(this, QLOCK, 0);
+                                        return t;
+                                    }
+                                    U.compareAndSwapInt(this, QLOCK, 1, 0);
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else if (U.compareAndSwapObject(a, j, t, null)) {
+                                U.putOrderedInt(this, QTOP, s - 1);
+                                return t;
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        else if ((r = r.completer) == null) // try parent
+                            break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Steals and runs a task in the same CC computation as the
+         * given task if one exists and can be taken without
+         * contention. Otherwise returns a checksum/control value for
+         * use by method helpComplete.
+         *
+         * @return 1 if successful, 2 if retryable (lost to another
+         * stealer), -1 if non-empty but no matching task found, else
+         * the base index, forced negative.
+         */
+        final int pollAndExecCC(CountedCompleter task) {
+            int b, h; ForkJoinTask[] a; Object o;
+            if ((b = base) - top >= 0 || (a = array) == null)
+                h = b | Integer.MIN_VALUE;  // to sense movement on re-poll
+            else {
                 long j = (((a.length - 1) & b) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
                 if ((o = U.getObjectVolatile(a, j)) == null)
-                    return true; // retry
-                if (o instanceof CountedCompleter) {
-                    for (t = (CountedCompleter)o, r = t;;) {
-                        if (r == root) {
+                    h = 2;                  // retryable
+                else if (!(o instanceof CountedCompleter))
+                    h = -1;                 // unmatchable
+                else {
+                    CountedCompleter t = (CountedCompleter)o;
+                    for (CountedCompleter r = t;;) {
+                        if (r == task) {
                             if (base == b &&
                                 U.compareAndSwapObject(a, j, t, null)) {
-                                U.putOrderedInt(this, QBASE, b + 1);
+                                base = b + 1;
                                 t.doExec();
+                                h = 1;      // success
                             }
-                            return true;
-                        }
-                        else if ((r = r.completer) == null)
-                            break; // not part of root computation
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Tries to pop and execute the given task or any other task
-         * in its CountedCompleter computation.
-         */
-        final boolean externalPopAndExecCC(CountedCompleter root) {
-            ForkJoinTask[] a; int s; Object o; CountedCompleter t, r;
-            if (base - (s = top) < 0 && (a = array) != null) {
-                long j = (((a.length - 1) & (s - 1)) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
-                if ((o = U.getObject(a, j)) instanceof CountedCompleter) {
-                    for (t = (CountedCompleter)o, r = t;;) {
-                        if (r == root) {
-                            if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, QLOCK, 0, 1)) {
-                                if (top == s && array == a &&
-                                    U.compareAndSwapObject(a, j, t, null)) {
-                                    top = s - 1;
-                                    qlock = 0;
-                                    t.doExec();
-                                }
-                                else
-                                    qlock = 0;
-                            }
-                            return true;
-                        }
-                        else if ((r = r.completer) == null)
+                            else
+                                h = 2;      // lost CAS
                             break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Internal version
-         */
-        final boolean internalPopAndExecCC(CountedCompleter root) {
-            ForkJoinTask[] a; int s; Object o; CountedCompleter t, r;
-            if (base - (s = top) < 0 && (a = array) != null) {
-                long j = (((a.length - 1) & (s - 1)) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
-                if ((o = U.getObject(a, j)) instanceof CountedCompleter) {
-                    for (t = (CountedCompleter)o, r = t;;) {
-                        if (r == root) {
-                            if (U.compareAndSwapObject(a, j, t, null)) {
-                                top = s - 1;
-                                t.doExec();
-                            }
-                            return true;
                         }
-                        else if ((r = r.completer) == null)
+                        else if ((r = r.completer) == null) {
+                            h = -1;         // unmatched
                             break;
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             }
-            return false;
+            return h;
         }
 
         /**
@@ -1061,28 +1212,31 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
          */
         final boolean isApparentlyUnblocked() {
             Thread wt; Thread.State s;
-            return (eventCount >= 0 &&
+            return (scanState >= 0 &&
                     (wt = owner) != null &&
                     (s = wt.getState()) != Thread.State.BLOCKED &&
                     s != Thread.State.WAITING &&
                     s != Thread.State.TIMED_WAITING);
         }
 
-        // Unsafe mechanics
+        // Unsafe mechanics. Note that some are (and must be) the same as in FJP
         private static final sun.misc.Unsafe U;
-        private static final long QBASE;
+        private static final int  ABASE;
+        private static final int  ASHIFT;
+        private static final long QTOP;
         private static final long QLOCK;
-        private static final int ABASE;
-        private static final int ASHIFT;
+        private static final long QCURRENTSTEAL;
         static {
             try {
                 U = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
-                Class k = WorkQueue.class;
+                Class wk = WorkQueue.class;
                 Class ak = ForkJoinTask[].class;
-                QBASE = U.objectFieldOffset
-                    (k.getDeclaredField("base"));
+                QTOP = U.objectFieldOffset
+                    (wk.getDeclaredField("top"));
                 QLOCK = U.objectFieldOffset
-                    (k.getDeclaredField("qlock"));
+                    (wk.getDeclaredField("qlock"));
+                QCURRENTSTEAL = U.objectFieldOffset
+                    (wk.getDeclaredField("currentSteal"));
                 ABASE = U.arrayBaseOffset(ak);
                 int scale = U.arrayIndexScale(ak);
                 if ((scale & (scale - 1)) != 0)
@@ -1125,6 +1279,11 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      */
     static final int commonParallelism;
 
+    /**
+     * Limit on spare thread construction in tryCompensate.
+     */
+    private static int commonMaxSpares;
+
     /**
      * Sequence number for creating workerNamePrefix.
      */
@@ -1138,7 +1297,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
         return ++poolNumberSequence;
     }
 
-    // static constants
+    // static configuration constants
 
     /**
      * Initial timeout value (in nanoseconds) for the thread
@@ -1148,27 +1307,34 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * aggressive shrinkage during most transient stalls (long GCs
      * etc).
      */
-    private static final long IDLE_TIMEOUT      = 2000L * 1000L * 1000L; // 2sec
-
-    /**
-     * Timeout value when there are more threads than parallelism level
-     */
-    private static final long FAST_IDLE_TIMEOUT =  200L * 1000L * 1000L;
+    private static final long IDLE_TIMEOUT = 2000L * 1000L * 1000L; // 2sec
 
     /**
      * Tolerance for idle timeouts, to cope with timer undershoots
      */
-    private static final long TIMEOUT_SLOP = 2000000L;
+    private static final long TIMEOUT_SLOP = 20L * 1000L * 1000L;  // 20ms
 
     /**
-     * The maximum stolen->joining link depth allowed in method
-     * tryHelpStealer.  Must be a power of two.  Depths for legitimate
-     * chains are unbounded, but we use a fixed constant to avoid
-     * (otherwise unchecked) cycles and to bound staleness of
-     * traversal parameters at the expense of sometimes blocking when
-     * we could be helping.
+     * The initial value for commonMaxSpares during static
+     * initialization unless overridden using System property
+     * "java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.common.maximumSpares".  The
+     * default value is far in excess of normal requirements, but also
+     * far short of MAX_CAP and typical OS thread limits, so allows
+     * JVMs to catch misuse/abuse before running out of resources
+     * needed to do so.
      */
-    private static final int MAX_HELP = 64;
+    private static final int DEFAULT_COMMON_MAX_SPARES = 256;
+
+    /**
+     * Number of times to spin-wait before blocking. The spins (in
+     * awaitRunStateLock and awaitWork) currently use randomized
+     * spins. If/when MWAIT-like intrinsics becomes available, they
+     * may allow quieter spinning. The value of SPINS must be a power
+     * of two, at least 4. The current value causes spinning for a
+     * small fraction of typical context-switch times, well worthwhile
+     * given the typical likelihoods that blocking is not necessary.
+     */
+    private static final int SPINS  = 1 << 11;
 
     /**
      * Increment for seed generators. See class ThreadLocal for
@@ -1177,209 +1343,212 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
     private static final int SEED_INCREMENT = 0x9e3779b9;
 
     /*
-     * Bits and masks for control variables
+     * Bits and masks for field ctl, packed with 4 16 bit subfields:
+     * AC: Number of active running workers minus target parallelism
+     * TC: Number of total workers minus target parallelism
+     * SS: version count and status of top waiting thread
+     * ID: poolIndex of top of Treiber stack of waiters
      *
-     * Field ctl is a long packed with:
-     * AC: Number of active running workers minus target parallelism (16 bits)
-     * TC: Number of total workers minus target parallelism (16 bits)
-     * ST: true if pool is terminating (1 bit)
-     * EC: the wait count of top waiting thread (15 bits)
-     * ID: poolIndex of top of Treiber stack of waiters (16 bits)
+     * When convenient, we can extract the lower 32 stack top bits
+     * (including version bits) as sp=(int)ctl.  The offsets of counts
+     * by the target parallelism and the positionings of fields makes
+     * it possible to perform the most common checks via sign tests of
+     * fields: When ac is negative, there are not enough active
+     * workers, when tc is negative, there are not enough total
+     * workers.  When sp is non-zero, there are waiting workers.  To
+     * deal with possibly negative fields, we use casts in and out of
+     * "short" and/or signed shifts to maintain signedness.
      *
-     * When convenient, we can extract the upper 32 bits of counts and
-     * the lower 32 bits of queue state, u = (int)(ctl >>> 32) and e =
-     * (int)ctl.  The ec field is never accessed alone, but always
-     * together with id and st. The offsets of counts by the target
-     * parallelism and the positionings of fields makes it possible to
-     * perform the most common checks via sign tests of fields: When
-     * ac is negative, there are not enough active workers, when tc is
-     * negative, there are not enough total workers, and when e is
-     * negative, the pool is terminating.  To deal with these possibly
-     * negative fields, we use casts in and out of "short" and/or
-     * signed shifts to maintain signedness.
-     *
-     * When a thread is queued (inactivated), its eventCount field is
-     * set negative, which is the only way to tell if a worker is
-     * prevented from executing tasks, even though it must continue to
-     * scan for them to avoid queuing races. Note however that
-     * eventCount updates lag releases so usage requires care.
-     *
-     * Field plock is an int packed with:
-     * SHUTDOWN: true if shutdown is enabled (1 bit)
-     * SEQ:  a sequence lock, with PL_LOCK bit set if locked (30 bits)
-     * SIGNAL: set when threads may be waiting on the lock (1 bit)
-     *
-     * The sequence number enables simple consistency checks:
-     * Staleness of read-only operations on the workQueues array can
-     * be checked by comparing plock before vs after the reads.
+     * Because it occupies uppermost bits, we can add one active count
+     * using getAndAddLong of AC_UNIT, rather than CAS, when returning
+     * from a blocked join.  Other updates entail multiple subfields
+     * and masking, requiring CAS.
      */
 
-    // bit positions/shifts for fields
+    // Lower and upper word masks
+    private static final long SP_MASK    = 0xffffffffL;
+    private static final long UC_MASK    = ~SP_MASK;
+
+    // Active counts
     private static final int  AC_SHIFT   = 48;
+    private static final long AC_UNIT    = 0x0001L << AC_SHIFT;
+    private static final long AC_MASK    = 0xffffL << AC_SHIFT;
+
+    // Total counts
     private static final int  TC_SHIFT   = 32;
-    private static final int  ST_SHIFT   = 31;
-    private static final int  EC_SHIFT   = 16;
+    private static final long TC_UNIT    = 0x0001L << TC_SHIFT;
+    private static final long TC_MASK    = 0xffffL << TC_SHIFT;
+    private static final long ADD_WORKER = 0x0001L << (TC_SHIFT + 15); // sign
 
-    // bounds
-    private static final int  SMASK      = 0xffff;  // short bits
-    private static final int  MAX_CAP    = 0x7fff;  // max #workers - 1
-    private static final int  EVENMASK   = 0xfffe;  // even short bits
-    private static final int  SQMASK     = 0x007e;  // max 64 (even) slots
-    private static final int  SHORT_SIGN = 1 << 15;
-    private static final int  INT_SIGN   = 1 << 31;
-
-    // masks
-    private static final long STOP_BIT   = 0x0001L << ST_SHIFT;
-    private static final long AC_MASK    = ((long)SMASK) << AC_SHIFT;
-    private static final long TC_MASK    = ((long)SMASK) << TC_SHIFT;
-
-    // units for incrementing and decrementing
-    private static final long TC_UNIT    = 1L << TC_SHIFT;
-    private static final long AC_UNIT    = 1L << AC_SHIFT;
-
-    // masks and units for dealing with u = (int)(ctl >>> 32)
-    private static final int  UAC_SHIFT  = AC_SHIFT - 32;
-    private static final int  UTC_SHIFT  = TC_SHIFT - 32;
-    private static final int  UAC_MASK   = SMASK << UAC_SHIFT;
-    private static final int  UTC_MASK   = SMASK << UTC_SHIFT;
-    private static final int  UAC_UNIT   = 1 << UAC_SHIFT;
-    private static final int  UTC_UNIT   = 1 << UTC_SHIFT;
-
-    // masks and units for dealing with e = (int)ctl
-    private static final int E_MASK      = 0x7fffffff; // no STOP_BIT
-    private static final int E_SEQ       = 1 << EC_SHIFT;
-
-    // plock bits
-    private static final int SHUTDOWN    = 1 << 31;
-    private static final int PL_LOCK     = 2;
-    private static final int PL_SIGNAL   = 1;
-    private static final int PL_SPINS    = 1 << 8;
-
-    // access mode for WorkQueue
-    static final int LIFO_QUEUE          =  0;
-    static final int FIFO_QUEUE          =  1;
-    static final int SHARED_QUEUE        = -1;
+    // runState bits: SHUTDOWN must be negative, others arbitrary powers of two
+    private static final int  RSLOCK     = 1;
+    private static final int  RSIGNAL    = 1 << 1;
+    private static final int  STARTED    = 1 << 2;
+    private static final int  STOP       = 1 << 29;
+    private static final int  TERMINATED = 1 << 30;
+    private static final int  SHUTDOWN   = 1 << 31;
 
     // Instance fields
-    volatile long stealCount;                  // collects worker counts
-    volatile long ctl;                         // main pool control
-    volatile int plock;                        // shutdown status and seqLock
-    volatile int indexSeed;                    // worker/submitter index seed
-    final short parallelism;                   // parallelism level
-    final short mode;                          // LIFO/FIFO
-    WorkQueue[] workQueues;                    // main registry
+    volatile long ctl;                   // main pool control
+    volatile int runState;               // lockable status
+    final int config;                    // parallelism, mode
+    int indexSeed;                       // to generate worker index
+    volatile WorkQueue[] workQueues;     // main registry
     final ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory factory;
-    final UncaughtExceptionHandler ueh;        // per-worker UEH
-    final String workerNamePrefix;             // to create worker name string
+    final UncaughtExceptionHandler ueh;  // per-worker UEH
+    final String workerNamePrefix;       // to create worker name string
+    volatile AtomicLong stealCounter;    // also used as sync monitor
 
     /**
-     * Acquires the plock lock to protect worker array and related
-     * updates. This method is called only if an initial CAS on plock
-     * fails. This acts as a spinlock for normal cases, but falls back
-     * to builtin monitor to block when (rarely) needed. This would be
-     * a terrible idea for a highly contended lock, but works fine as
-     * a more conservative alternative to a pure spinlock.
+     * Acquires the runState lock; returns current (locked) runState.
      */
-    private int acquirePlock() {
-        int spins = PL_SPINS, ps, nps;
-        for (;;) {
-            if (((ps = plock) & PL_LOCK) == 0 &&
-                U.compareAndSwapInt(this, PLOCK, ps, nps = ps + PL_LOCK))
-                return nps;
-            else if (spins >= 0) {
-                if (ThreadLocalRandom.nextSecondarySeed() >= 0)
+    private int lockRunState() {
+        int rs;
+        return ((((rs = runState) & RSLOCK) != 0 ||
+                 !U.compareAndSwapInt(this, RUNSTATE, rs, rs |= RSLOCK)) ?
+                awaitRunStateLock() : rs);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Spins and/or blocks until runstate lock is available.  See
+     * above for explanation.
+     */
+    private int awaitRunStateLock() {
+        Object lock;
+        boolean wasInterrupted = false;
+        for (int spins = SPINS, r = 0, rs, ns;;) {
+            if (((rs = runState) & RSLOCK) == 0) {
+                if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, RUNSTATE, rs, ns = rs | RSLOCK)) {
+                    if (wasInterrupted) {
+                        try {
+                            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+                        } catch (SecurityException ignore) {
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return ns;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (r == 0)
+                r = ThreadLocalRandom.nextSecondarySeed();
+            else if (spins > 0) {
+                r ^= r << 6; r ^= r >>> 21; r ^= r << 7; // xorshift
+                if (r >= 0)
                     --spins;
             }
-            else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, PLOCK, ps, ps | PL_SIGNAL)) {
-                synchronized (this) {
-                    if ((plock & PL_SIGNAL) != 0) {
+            else if ((rs & STARTED) == 0 || (lock = stealCounter) == null)
+                Thread.yield();   // initialization race
+            else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, RUNSTATE, rs, rs | RSIGNAL)) {
+                synchronized (lock) {
+                    if ((runState & RSIGNAL) != 0) {
                         try {
-                            wait();
+                            lock.wait();
                         } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
-                            try {
-                                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
-                            } catch (SecurityException ignore) {
-                            }
+                            if (!(Thread.currentThread() instanceof
+                                  ForkJoinWorkerThread))
+                                wasInterrupted = true;
                         }
                     }
                     else
-                        notifyAll();
+                        lock.notifyAll();
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
-     * Unlocks and signals any thread waiting for plock. Called only
-     * when CAS of seq value for unlock fails.
+     * Unlocks and sets runState to newRunState.
+     *
+     * @param oldRunState a value returned from lockRunState
+     * @param newRunState the next value (must have lock bit clear).
      */
-    private void releasePlock(int ps) {
-        plock = ps;
-        synchronized (this) { notifyAll(); }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Tries to create and start one worker if fewer than target
-     * parallelism level exist. Adjusts counts etc on failure.
-     */
-    private void tryAddWorker() {
-        long c; int u, e;
-        while ((u = (int)((c = ctl) >>> 32)) < 0 &&
-               (u & SHORT_SIGN) != 0 && (e = (int)c) >= 0) {
-            long nc = ((long)(((u + UTC_UNIT) & UTC_MASK) |
-                              ((u + UAC_UNIT) & UAC_MASK)) << 32) | (long)e;
-            if (U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, c, nc)) {
-                ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory fac;
-                Throwable ex = null;
-                ForkJoinWorkerThread wt = null;
-                try {
-                    if ((fac = factory) != null &&
-                        (wt = fac.newThread(this)) != null) {
-                        wt.start();
-                        break;
-                    }
-                } catch (Throwable rex) {
-                    ex = rex;
-                }
-                deregisterWorker(wt, ex);
-                break;
-            }
+    private void unlockRunState(int oldRunState, int newRunState) {
+        if (!U.compareAndSwapInt(this, RUNSTATE, oldRunState, newRunState)) {
+            Object lock = stealCounter;
+            runState = newRunState;              // clears RSIGNAL bit
+            if (lock != null)
+                synchronized (lock) { lock.notifyAll(); }
         }
     }
 
-    //  Registering and deregistering workers
+    // Creating, registering and deregistering workers
 
     /**
-     * Callback from ForkJoinWorkerThread to establish and record its
-     * WorkQueue. To avoid scanning bias due to packing entries in
-     * front of the workQueues array, we treat the array as a simple
-     * power-of-two hash table using per-thread seed as hash,
-     * expanding as needed.
+     * Tries to construct and start one worker. Assumes that total
+     * count has already been incremented as a reservation.  Invokes
+     * deregisterWorker on any failure.
+     *
+     * @return true if successful
+     */
+    private boolean createWorker() {
+        ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory fac = factory;
+        Throwable ex = null;
+        ForkJoinWorkerThread wt = null;
+        try {
+            if (fac != null && (wt = fac.newThread(this)) != null) {
+                wt.start();
+                return true;
+            }
+        } catch (Throwable rex) {
+            ex = rex;
+        }
+        deregisterWorker(wt, ex);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tries to add one worker, incrementing ctl counts before doing
+     * so, relying on createWorker to back out on failure.
+     *
+     * @param c incoming ctl value, with total count negative and no
+     * idle workers.  On CAS failure, c is refreshed and retried if
+     * this holds (otherwise, a new worker is not needed).
+     */
+    private void tryAddWorker(long c) {
+        boolean add = false;
+        do {
+            long nc = ((AC_MASK & (c + AC_UNIT)) |
+                       (TC_MASK & (c + TC_UNIT)));
+            if (ctl == c) {
+                int rs, stop;                 // check if terminating
+                if ((stop = (rs = lockRunState()) & STOP) == 0)
+                    add = U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, c, nc);
+                unlockRunState(rs, rs & ~RSLOCK);
+                if (stop != 0)
+                    break;
+                if (add) {
+                    createWorker();
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        } while (((c = ctl) & ADD_WORKER) != 0L && (int)c == 0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Callback from ForkJoinWorkerThread constructor to establish and
+     * record its WorkQueue.
      *
      * @param wt the worker thread
      * @return the worker's queue
      */
     final WorkQueue registerWorker(ForkJoinWorkerThread wt) {
-        UncaughtExceptionHandler handler; WorkQueue[] ws; int s, ps;
-        wt.setDaemon(true);
+        UncaughtExceptionHandler handler;
+        wt.setDaemon(true);                           // configure thread
         if ((handler = ueh) != null)
             wt.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(handler);
-        do {} while (!U.compareAndSwapInt(this, INDEXSEED, s = indexSeed,
-                                          s += SEED_INCREMENT) ||
-                     s == 0); // skip 0
-        WorkQueue w = new WorkQueue(this, wt, mode, s);
-        if (((ps = plock) & PL_LOCK) != 0 ||
-            !U.compareAndSwapInt(this, PLOCK, ps, ps += PL_LOCK))
-            ps = acquirePlock();
-        int nps = (ps & SHUTDOWN) | ((ps + PL_LOCK) & ~SHUTDOWN);
+        WorkQueue w = new WorkQueue(this, wt);
+        int i = 0;                                    // assign a pool index
+        int mode = config & MODE_MASK;
+        int rs = lockRunState();
         try {
-            if ((ws = workQueues) != null) {    // skip if shutting down
-                int n = ws.length, m = n - 1;
-                int r = (s << 1) | 1;           // use odd-numbered indices
-                if (ws[r &= m] != null) {       // collision
-                    int probes = 0;             // step by approx half size
+            WorkQueue[] ws; int n;                    // skip if no array
+            if ((ws = workQueues) != null && (n = ws.length) > 0) {
+                int s = indexSeed += SEED_INCREMENT;  // unlikely to collide
+                int m = n - 1;
+                i = ((s << 1) | 1) & m;               // odd-numbered indices
+                if (ws[i] != null) {                  // collision
+                    int probes = 0;                   // step by approx half n
                     int step = (n <= 4) ? 2 : ((n >>> 1) & EVENMASK) + 2;
-                    while (ws[r = (r + step) & m] != null) {
+                    while (ws[i = (i + step) & m] != null) {
                         if (++probes >= n) {
                             workQueues = ws = Arrays.copyOf(ws, n <<= 1);
                             m = n - 1;
@@ -1387,15 +1556,15 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                w.poolIndex = (short)r;
-                w.eventCount = r; // volatile write orders
-                ws[r] = w;
+                w.hint = s;                           // use as random seed
+                w.config = i | mode;
+                w.scanState = i;                      // publication fence
+                ws[i] = w;
             }
         } finally {
-            if (!U.compareAndSwapInt(this, PLOCK, ps, nps))
-                releasePlock(nps);
+            unlockRunState(rs, rs & ~RSLOCK);
         }
-        wt.setName(workerNamePrefix.concat(Integer.toString(w.poolIndex >>> 1)));
+        wt.setName(workerNamePrefix.concat(Integer.toString(i >>> 1)));
         return w;
     }
 
@@ -1411,384 +1580,322 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
     final void deregisterWorker(ForkJoinWorkerThread wt, Throwable ex) {
         WorkQueue w = null;
         if (wt != null && (w = wt.workQueue) != null) {
-            int ps;
-            w.qlock = -1;                // ensure set
-            U.getAndAddLong(this, STEALCOUNT, w.nsteals); // collect steals
-            if (((ps = plock) & PL_LOCK) != 0 ||
-                !U.compareAndSwapInt(this, PLOCK, ps, ps += PL_LOCK))
-                ps = acquirePlock();
-            int nps = (ps & SHUTDOWN) | ((ps + PL_LOCK) & ~SHUTDOWN);
-            try {
-                int idx = w.poolIndex;
-                WorkQueue[] ws = workQueues;
-                if (ws != null && idx >= 0 && idx < ws.length && ws[idx] == w)
-                    ws[idx] = null;
-            } finally {
-                if (!U.compareAndSwapInt(this, PLOCK, ps, nps))
-                    releasePlock(nps);
-            }
+            WorkQueue[] ws;                           // remove index from array
+            int idx = w.config & SMASK;
+            int rs = lockRunState();
+            if ((ws = workQueues) != null && ws.length > idx && ws[idx] == w)
+                ws[idx] = null;
+            unlockRunState(rs, rs & ~RSLOCK);
         }
-
-        long c;                          // adjust ctl counts
+        long c;                                       // decrement counts
         do {} while (!U.compareAndSwapLong
-                     (this, CTL, c = ctl, (((c - AC_UNIT) & AC_MASK) |
-                                           ((c - TC_UNIT) & TC_MASK) |
-                                           (c & ~(AC_MASK|TC_MASK)))));
-
-        if (!tryTerminate(false, false) && w != null && w.array != null) {
-            w.cancelAll();               // cancel remaining tasks
-            WorkQueue[] ws; WorkQueue v; Thread p; int u, i, e;
-            while ((u = (int)((c = ctl) >>> 32)) < 0 && (e = (int)c) >= 0) {
-                if (e > 0) {             // activate or create replacement
-                    if ((ws = workQueues) == null ||
-                        (i = e & SMASK) >= ws.length ||
-                        (v = ws[i]) == null)
-                        break;
-                    long nc = (((long)(v.nextWait & E_MASK)) |
-                               ((long)(u + UAC_UNIT) << 32));
-                    if (v.eventCount != (e | INT_SIGN))
-                        break;
-                    if (U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, c, nc)) {
-                        v.eventCount = (e + E_SEQ) & E_MASK;
-                        if ((p = v.parker) != null)
-                            U.unpark(p);
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                else {
-                    if ((short)u < 0)
-                        tryAddWorker();
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
+                     (this, CTL, c = ctl, ((AC_MASK & (c - AC_UNIT)) |
+                                           (TC_MASK & (c - TC_UNIT)) |
+                                           (SP_MASK & c))));
+        if (w != null) {
+            w.qlock = -1;                             // ensure set
+            w.transferStealCount(this);
+            w.cancelAll();                            // cancel remaining tasks
         }
-        if (ex == null)                     // help clean refs on way out
+        for (;;) {                                    // possibly replace
+            WorkQueue[] ws; int m, sp;
+            if (tryTerminate(false, false) || w == null || w.array == null ||
+                (runState & STOP) != 0 || (ws = workQueues) == null ||
+                (m = ws.length - 1) < 0)              // already terminating
+                break;
+            if ((sp = (int)(c = ctl)) != 0) {         // wake up replacement
+                if (tryRelease(c, ws[sp & m], AC_UNIT))
+                    break;
+            }
+            else if (ex != null && (c & ADD_WORKER) != 0L) {
+                tryAddWorker(c);                      // create replacement
+                break;
+            }
+            else                                      // don't need replacement
+                break;
+        }
+        if (ex == null)                               // help clean on way out
             ForkJoinTask.helpExpungeStaleExceptions();
-        else                                // rethrow
+        else                                          // rethrow
             ForkJoinTask.rethrow(ex);
     }
 
-    // Submissions
-
-    /**
-     * Unless shutting down, adds the given task to a submission queue
-     * at submitter's current queue index (modulo submission
-     * range). Only the most common path is directly handled in this
-     * method. All others are relayed to fullExternalPush.
-     *
-     * @param task the task. Caller must ensure non-null.
-     */
-    final void externalPush(ForkJoinTask task) {
-        WorkQueue q; int m, s, n, am; ForkJoinTask[] a;
-        int r = ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe();
-        int ps = plock;
-        WorkQueue[] ws = workQueues;
-        if (ps > 0 && ws != null && (m = (ws.length - 1)) >= 0 &&
-            (q = ws[m & r & SQMASK]) != null && r != 0 &&
-            U.compareAndSwapInt(q, QLOCK, 0, 1)) { // lock
-            if ((a = q.array) != null &&
-                (am = a.length - 1) > (n = (s = q.top) - q.base)) {
-                int j = ((am & s) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
-                U.putOrderedObject(a, j, task);
-                q.top = s + 1;                     // push on to deque
-                q.qlock = 0;
-                if (n <= 1)
-                    signalWork(ws, q);
-                return;
-            }
-            q.qlock = 0;
-        }
-        fullExternalPush(task);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Full version of externalPush. This method is called, among
-     * other times, upon the first submission of the first task to the
-     * pool, so must perform secondary initialization.  It also
-     * detects first submission by an external thread by looking up
-     * its ThreadLocal, and creates a new shared queue if the one at
-     * index if empty or contended. The plock lock body must be
-     * exception-free (so no try/finally) so we optimistically
-     * allocate new queues outside the lock and throw them away if
-     * (very rarely) not needed.
-     *
-     * Secondary initialization occurs when plock is zero, to create
-     * workQueue array and set plock to a valid value.  This lock body
-     * must also be exception-free. Because the plock seq value can
-     * eventually wrap around zero, this method harmlessly fails to
-     * reinitialize if workQueues exists, while still advancing plock.
-     */
-    private void fullExternalPush(ForkJoinTask task) {
-        int r;
-        if ((r = ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe()) == 0) {
-            ThreadLocalRandom.localInit();
-            r = ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe();
-        }
-        for (;;) {
-            WorkQueue[] ws; WorkQueue q; int ps, m, k;
-            boolean move = false;
-            if ((ps = plock) < 0)
-                throw new RejectedExecutionException();
-            else if (ps == 0 || (ws = workQueues) == null ||
-                     (m = ws.length - 1) < 0) { // initialize workQueues
-                int p = parallelism;            // find power of two table size
-                int n = (p > 1) ? p - 1 : 1;    // ensure at least 2 slots
-                n |= n >>> 1; n |= n >>> 2;  n |= n >>> 4;
-                n |= n >>> 8; n |= n >>> 16; n = (n + 1) << 1;
-                WorkQueue[] nws = ((ws = workQueues) == null || ws.length == 0 ?
-                                   new WorkQueue[n] : null);
-                if (((ps = plock) & PL_LOCK) != 0 ||
-                    !U.compareAndSwapInt(this, PLOCK, ps, ps += PL_LOCK))
-                    ps = acquirePlock();
-                if (((ws = workQueues) == null || ws.length == 0) && nws != null)
-                    workQueues = nws;
-                int nps = (ps & SHUTDOWN) | ((ps + PL_LOCK) & ~SHUTDOWN);
-                if (!U.compareAndSwapInt(this, PLOCK, ps, nps))
-                    releasePlock(nps);
-            }
-            else if ((q = ws[k = r & m & SQMASK]) != null) {
-                if (q.qlock == 0 && U.compareAndSwapInt(q, QLOCK, 0, 1)) {
-                    ForkJoinTask[] a = q.array;
-                    int s = q.top;
-                    boolean submitted = false;
-                    try {                      // locked version of push
-                        if ((a != null && a.length > s + 1 - q.base) ||
-                            (a = q.growArray()) != null) {   // must presize
-                            int j = (((a.length - 1) & s) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
-                            U.putOrderedObject(a, j, task);
-                            q.top = s + 1;
-                            submitted = true;
-                        }
-                    } finally {
-                        q.qlock = 0;  // unlock
-                    }
-                    if (submitted) {
-                        signalWork(ws, q);
-                        return;
-                    }
-                }
-                move = true; // move on failure
-            }
-            else if (((ps = plock) & PL_LOCK) == 0) { // create new queue
-                q = new WorkQueue(this, null, SHARED_QUEUE, r);
-                q.poolIndex = (short)k;
-                if (((ps = plock) & PL_LOCK) != 0 ||
-                    !U.compareAndSwapInt(this, PLOCK, ps, ps += PL_LOCK))
-                    ps = acquirePlock();
-                if ((ws = workQueues) != null && k < ws.length && ws[k] == null)
-                    ws[k] = q;
-                int nps = (ps & SHUTDOWN) | ((ps + PL_LOCK) & ~SHUTDOWN);
-                if (!U.compareAndSwapInt(this, PLOCK, ps, nps))
-                    releasePlock(nps);
-            }
-            else
-                move = true; // move if busy
-            if (move)
-                r = ThreadLocalRandom.advanceProbe(r);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Maintaining ctl counts
-
-    /**
-     * Increments active count; mainly called upon return from blocking.
-     */
-    final void incrementActiveCount() {
-        long c;
-        do {} while (!U.compareAndSwapLong
-                     (this, CTL, c = ctl, ((c & ~AC_MASK) |
-                                           ((c & AC_MASK) + AC_UNIT))));
-    }
+    // Signalling
 
     /**
      * Tries to create or activate a worker if too few are active.
      *
      * @param ws the worker array to use to find signallees
-     * @param q if non-null, the queue holding tasks to be processed
+     * @param q a WorkQueue --if non-null, don't retry if now empty
      */
     final void signalWork(WorkQueue[] ws, WorkQueue q) {
-        for (;;) {
-            long c; int e, u, i; WorkQueue w; Thread p;
-            if ((u = (int)((c = ctl) >>> 32)) >= 0)
-                break;
-            if ((e = (int)c) <= 0) {
-                if ((short)u < 0)
-                    tryAddWorker();
+        long c; int sp, i; WorkQueue v; Thread p;
+        while ((c = ctl) < 0L) {                       // too few active
+            if ((sp = (int)c) == 0) {                  // no idle workers
+                if ((c & ADD_WORKER) != 0L)            // too few workers
+                    tryAddWorker(c);
                 break;
             }
-            if (ws == null || ws.length <= (i = e & SMASK) ||
-                (w = ws[i]) == null)
+            if (ws == null)                            // unstarted/terminated
                 break;
-            long nc = (((long)(w.nextWait & E_MASK)) |
-                       ((long)(u + UAC_UNIT)) << 32);
-            int ne = (e + E_SEQ) & E_MASK;
-            if (w.eventCount == (e | INT_SIGN) &&
-                U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, c, nc)) {
-                w.eventCount = ne;
-                if ((p = w.parker) != null)
+            if (ws.length <= (i = sp & SMASK))         // terminated
+                break;
+            if ((v = ws[i]) == null)                   // terminating
+                break;
+            int vs = (sp + SS_SEQ) & ~INACTIVE;        // next scanState
+            int d = sp - v.scanState;                  // screen CAS
+            long nc = (UC_MASK & (c + AC_UNIT)) | (SP_MASK & v.stackPred);
+            if (d == 0 && U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, c, nc)) {
+                v.scanState = vs;                      // activate v
+                if ((p = v.parker) != null)
                     U.unpark(p);
                 break;
             }
-            if (q != null && q.base >= q.top)
+            if (q != null && q.base == q.top)          // no more work
                 break;
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Signals and releases worker v if it is top of idle worker
+     * stack.  This performs a one-shot version of signalWork only if
+     * there is (apparently) at least one idle worker.
+     *
+     * @param c incoming ctl value
+     * @param v if non-null, a worker
+     * @param inc the increment to active count (zero when compensating)
+     * @return true if successful
+     */
+    private boolean tryRelease(long c, WorkQueue v, long inc) {
+        int sp = (int)c, vs = (sp + SS_SEQ) & ~INACTIVE; Thread p;
+        if (v != null && v.scanState == sp) {          // v is at top of stack
+            long nc = (UC_MASK & (c + inc)) | (SP_MASK & v.stackPred);
+            if (U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, c, nc)) {
+                v.scanState = vs;
+                if ((p = v.parker) != null)
+                    U.unpark(p);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
     // Scanning for tasks
 
     /**
      * Top-level runloop for workers, called by ForkJoinWorkerThread.run.
      */
     final void runWorker(WorkQueue w) {
-        w.growArray(); // allocate queue
-        for (int r = w.hint; scan(w, r) == 0; ) {
+        w.growArray();                   // allocate queue
+        int seed = w.hint;               // initially holds randomization hint
+        int r = (seed == 0) ? 1 : seed;  // avoid 0 for xorShift
+        for (ForkJoinTask t;;) {
+            if ((t = scan(w, r)) != null)
+                w.runTask(t);
+            else if (!awaitWork(w, r))
+                break;
             r ^= r << 13; r ^= r >>> 17; r ^= r << 5; // xorshift
         }
     }
 
     /**
-     * Scans for and, if found, runs one task, else possibly
-     * inactivates the worker. This method operates on single reads of
-     * volatile state and is designed to be re-invoked continuously,
-     * in part because it returns upon detecting inconsistencies,
-     * contention, or state changes that indicate possible success on
-     * re-invocation.
-     *
-     * The scan searches for tasks across queues starting at a random
-     * index, checking each at least twice.  The scan terminates upon
-     * either finding a non-empty queue, or completing the sweep. If
-     * the worker is not inactivated, it takes and runs a task from
-     * this queue. Otherwise, if not activated, it tries to activate
-     * itself or some other worker by signalling. On failure to find a
-     * task, returns (for retry) if pool state may have changed during
-     * an empty scan, or tries to inactivate if active, else possibly
-     * blocks or terminates via method awaitWork.
+     * Scans for and tries to steal a top-level task. Scans start at a
+     * random location, randomly moving on apparent contention,
+     * otherwise continuing linearly until reaching two consecutive
+     * empty passes over all queues with the same checksum (summing
+     * each base index of each queue, that moves on each steal), at
+     * which point the worker tries to inactivate and then re-scans,
+     * attempting to re-activate (itself or some other worker) if
+     * finding a task; otherwise returning null to await work.  Scans
+     * otherwise touch as little memory as possible, to reduce
+     * disruption on other scanning threads.
      *
      * @param w the worker (via its WorkQueue)
      * @param r a random seed
-     * @return worker qlock status if would have waited, else 0
+     * @return a task, or null if none found
      */
-    private final int scan(WorkQueue w, int r) {
+    private ForkJoinTask scan(WorkQueue w, int r) {
         WorkQueue[] ws; int m;
-        long c = ctl;                            // for consistency check
-        if ((ws = workQueues) != null && (m = ws.length - 1) >= 0 && w != null) {
-            for (int j = m + m + 1, ec = w.eventCount;;) {
-                WorkQueue q; int b, e; ForkJoinTask[] a; ForkJoinTask t;
-                if ((q = ws[(r - j) & m]) != null &&
-                    (b = q.base) - q.top < 0 && (a = q.array) != null) {
-                    long i = (((a.length - 1) & b) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
-                    if ((t = ((ForkJoinTask)
-                              U.getObjectVolatile(a, i))) != null) {
-                        if (ec < 0)
-                            helpRelease(c, ws, w, q, b);
-                        else if (q.base == b &&
-                                 U.compareAndSwapObject(a, i, t, null)) {
-                            U.putOrderedInt(q, QBASE, b + 1);
-                            if ((b + 1) - q.top < 0)
-                                signalWork(ws, q);
-                            w.runTask(t);
+        if ((ws = workQueues) != null && (m = ws.length - 1) > 0 && w != null) {
+            int ss = w.scanState;                     // initially non-negative
+            for (int origin = r & m, k = origin, oldSum = 0, checkSum = 0;;) {
+                WorkQueue q; ForkJoinTask[] a; ForkJoinTask t;
+                int b, n; long c;
+                if ((q = ws[k]) != null) {
+                    if ((n = (b = q.base) - q.top) < 0 &&
+                        (a = q.array) != null) {      // non-empty
+                        long i = (((a.length - 1) & b) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
+                        if ((t = ((ForkJoinTask)
+                                  U.getObjectVolatile(a, i))) != null &&
+                            q.base == b) {
+                            if (ss >= 0) {
+                                if (U.compareAndSwapObject(a, i, t, null)) {
+                                    q.base = b + 1;
+                                    if (n < -1)       // signal others
+                                        signalWork(ws, q);
+                                    return t;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else if (oldSum == 0 &&   // try to activate
+                                     w.scanState < 0)
+                                tryRelease(c = ctl, ws[m & (int)c], AC_UNIT);
                         }
+                        if (ss < 0)                   // refresh
+                            ss = w.scanState;
+                        r ^= r << 1; r ^= r >>> 3; r ^= r << 10;
+                        origin = k = r & m;           // move and rescan
+                        oldSum = checkSum = 0;
+                        continue;
                     }
-                    break;
+                    checkSum += b;
                 }
-                else if (--j < 0) {
-                    if ((ec | (e = (int)c)) < 0) // inactive or terminating
-                        return awaitWork(w, c, ec);
-                    else if (ctl == c) {         // try to inactivate and enqueue
-                        long nc = (long)ec | ((c - AC_UNIT) & (AC_MASK|TC_MASK));
-                        w.nextWait = e;
-                        w.eventCount = ec | INT_SIGN;
-                        if (!U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, c, nc))
-                            w.eventCount = ec;   // back out
+                if ((k = (k + 1) & m) == origin) {    // continue until stable
+                    if ((ss >= 0 || (ss == (ss = w.scanState))) &&
+                        oldSum == (oldSum = checkSum)) {
+                        if (ss < 0 || w.qlock < 0)    // already inactive
+                            break;
+                        int ns = ss | INACTIVE;       // try to inactivate
+                        long nc = ((SP_MASK & ns) |
+                                   (UC_MASK & ((c = ctl) - AC_UNIT)));
+                        w.stackPred = (int)c;         // hold prev stack top
+                        U.putInt(w, QSCANSTATE, ns);
+                        if (U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, c, nc))
+                            ss = ns;
+                        else
+                            w.scanState = ss;         // back out
                     }
-                    break;
+                    checkSum = 0;
                 }
             }
         }
-        return 0;
+        return null;
     }
 
     /**
-     * A continuation of scan(), possibly blocking or terminating
-     * worker w. Returns without blocking if pool state has apparently
-     * changed since last invocation.  Also, if inactivating w has
-     * caused the pool to become quiescent, checks for pool
+     * Possibly blocks worker w waiting for a task to steal, or
+     * returns false if the worker should terminate.  If inactivating
+     * w has caused the pool to become quiescent, checks for pool
      * termination, and, so long as this is not the only worker, waits
-     * for event for up to a given duration.  On timeout, if ctl has
-     * not changed, terminates the worker, which will in turn wake up
+     * for up to a given duration.  On timeout, if ctl has not
+     * changed, terminates the worker, which will in turn wake up
      * another worker to possibly repeat this process.
      *
      * @param w the calling worker
-     * @param c the ctl value on entry to scan
-     * @param ec the worker's eventCount on entry to scan
+     * @param r a random seed (for spins)
+     * @return false if the worker should terminate
      */
-    private final int awaitWork(WorkQueue w, long c, int ec) {
-        int stat, ns; long parkTime, deadline;
-        if ((stat = w.qlock) >= 0 && w.eventCount == ec && ctl == c &&
-            !Thread.interrupted()) {
-            int e = (int)c;
-            int u = (int)(c >>> 32);
-            int d = (u >> UAC_SHIFT) + parallelism; // active count
-
-            if (e < 0 || (d <= 0 && tryTerminate(false, false)))
-                stat = w.qlock = -1;          // pool is terminating
-            else if ((ns = w.nsteals) != 0) { // collect steals and retry
-                w.nsteals = 0;
-                U.getAndAddLong(this, STEALCOUNT, (long)ns);
+    private boolean awaitWork(WorkQueue w, int r) {
+        if (w == null || w.qlock < 0)                 // w is terminating
+            return false;
+        for (int pred = w.stackPred, spins = SPINS, ss;;) {
+            if ((ss = w.scanState) >= 0)
+                break;
+            else if (spins > 0) {
+                r ^= r << 6; r ^= r >>> 21; r ^= r << 7;
+                if (r >= 0 && --spins == 0) {         // randomize spins
+                    WorkQueue v; WorkQueue[] ws; int s, j; AtomicLong sc;
+                    if (pred != 0 && (ws = workQueues) != null &&
+                        (j = pred & SMASK) < ws.length &&
+                        (v = ws[j]) != null &&        // see if pred parking
+                        (v.parker == null || v.scanState >= 0))
+                        spins = SPINS;                // continue spinning
+                }
             }
-            else {
-                long pc = ((d > 0 || ec != (e | INT_SIGN)) ? 0L :
-                           ((long)(w.nextWait & E_MASK)) | // ctl to restore
-                           ((long)(u + UAC_UNIT)) << 32);
-                if (pc != 0L) {               // timed wait if last waiter
-                    int dc = -(short)(c >>> TC_SHIFT);
-                    parkTime = (dc < 0 ? FAST_IDLE_TIMEOUT:
-                                (dc + 1) * IDLE_TIMEOUT);
+            else if (w.qlock < 0)                     // recheck after spins
+                return false;
+            else if (!Thread.interrupted()) {
+                long c, prevctl, parkTime, deadline;
+                int ac = (int)((c = ctl) >> AC_SHIFT) + (config & SMASK);
+                if ((ac <= 0 && tryTerminate(false, false)) ||
+                    (runState & STOP) != 0)           // pool terminating
+                    return false;
+                if (ac <= 0 && ss == (int)c) {        // is last waiter
+                    prevctl = (UC_MASK & (c + AC_UNIT)) | (SP_MASK & pred);
+                    int t = (short)(c >>> TC_SHIFT);  // shrink excess spares
+                    if (t > 2 && U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, c, prevctl))
+                        return false;                 // else use timed wait
+                    parkTime = IDLE_TIMEOUT * ((t >= 0) ? 1 : 1 - t);
                     deadline = System.nanoTime() + parkTime - TIMEOUT_SLOP;
                 }
                 else
-                    parkTime = deadline = 0L;
-                if (w.eventCount == ec && ctl == c) {
-                    Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
-                    U.putObject(wt, PARKBLOCKER, this);
-                    w.parker = wt;            // emulate LockSupport.park
-                    if (w.eventCount == ec && ctl == c)
-                        U.park(false, parkTime);  // must recheck before park
-                    w.parker = null;
-                    U.putObject(wt, PARKBLOCKER, null);
-                    if (parkTime != 0L && ctl == c &&
-                        deadline - System.nanoTime() <= 0L &&
-                        U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, c, pc))
-                        stat = w.qlock = -1;  // shrink pool
+                    prevctl = parkTime = deadline = 0L;
+                Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
+                U.putObject(wt, PARKBLOCKER, this);   // emulate LockSupport
+                w.parker = wt;
+                if (w.scanState < 0 && ctl == c)      // recheck before park
+                    U.park(false, parkTime);
+                U.putOrderedObject(w, QPARKER, null);
+                U.putObject(wt, PARKBLOCKER, null);
+                if (w.scanState >= 0)
+                    break;
+                if (parkTime != 0L && ctl == c &&
+                    deadline - System.nanoTime() <= 0L &&
+                    U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, c, prevctl))
+                    return false;                     // shrink pool
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Joining tasks
+
+    /**
+     * Tries to steal and run tasks within the target's computation.
+     * Uses a variant of the top-level algorithm, restricted to tasks
+     * with the given task as ancestor: It prefers taking and running
+     * eligible tasks popped from the worker's own queue (via
+     * popCC). Otherwise it scans others, randomly moving on
+     * contention or execution, deciding to give up based on a
+     * checksum (via return codes frob pollAndExecCC). The maxTasks
+     * argument supports external usages; internal calls use zero,
+     * allowing unbounded steps (external calls trap non-positive
+     * values).
+     *
+     * @param w caller
+     * @param maxTasks if non-zero, the maximum number of other tasks to run
+     * @return task status on exit
+     */
+    final int helpComplete(WorkQueue w, CountedCompleter task,
+                           int maxTasks) {
+        WorkQueue[] ws; int s = 0, m;
+        if ((ws = workQueues) != null && (m = ws.length - 1) >= 0 &&
+            task != null && w != null) {
+            int mode = w.config;                 // for popCC
+            int r = w.hint ^ w.top;              // arbitrary seed for origin
+            int origin = r & m;                  // first queue to scan
+            int h = 1;                           // 1:ran, >1:contended, <0:hash
+            for (int k = origin, oldSum = 0, checkSum = 0;;) {
+                CountedCompleter p; WorkQueue q;
+                if ((s = task.status) < 0)
+                    break;
+                if (h == 1 && (p = w.popCC(task, mode)) != null) {
+                    p.doExec();                  // run local task
+                    if (maxTasks != 0 && --maxTasks == 0)
+                        break;
+                    origin = k;                  // reset
+                    oldSum = checkSum = 0;
+                }
+                else {                           // poll other queues
+                    if ((q = ws[k]) == null)
+                        h = 0;
+                    else if ((h = q.pollAndExecCC(task)) < 0)
+                        checkSum += h;
+                    if (h > 0) {
+                        if (h == 1 && maxTasks != 0 && --maxTasks == 0)
+                            break;
+                        r ^= r << 13; r ^= r >>> 17; r ^= r << 5; // xorshift
+                        origin = k = r & m;      // move and restart
+                        oldSum = checkSum = 0;
+                    }
+                    else if ((k = (k + 1) & m) == origin) {
+                        if (oldSum == (oldSum = checkSum))
+                            break;
+                        checkSum = 0;
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
-        return stat;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Possibly releases (signals) a worker. Called only from scan()
-     * when a worker with apparently inactive status finds a non-empty
-     * queue. This requires revalidating all of the associated state
-     * from caller.
-     */
-    private final void helpRelease(long c, WorkQueue[] ws, WorkQueue w,
-                                   WorkQueue q, int b) {
-        WorkQueue v; int e, i; Thread p;
-        if (w != null && w.eventCount < 0 && (e = (int)c) > 0 &&
-            ws != null && ws.length > (i = e & SMASK) &&
-            (v = ws[i]) != null && ctl == c) {
-            long nc = (((long)(v.nextWait & E_MASK)) |
-                       ((long)((int)(c >>> 32) + UAC_UNIT)) << 32);
-            int ne = (e + E_SEQ) & E_MASK;
-            if (q != null && q.base == b && w.eventCount < 0 &&
-                v.eventCount == (e | INT_SIGN) &&
-                U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, c, nc)) {
-                v.eventCount = ne;
-                if ((p = v.parker) != null)
-                    U.unpark(p);
-            }
-        }
+        return s;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1799,268 +1906,167 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * execute tasks from. The first call to this method upon a
      * waiting join will often entail scanning/search, (which is OK
      * because the joiner has nothing better to do), but this method
-     * leaves hints in workers to speed up subsequent calls. The
-     * implementation is very branchy to cope with potential
-     * inconsistencies or loops encountering chains that are stale,
-     * unknown, or so long that they are likely cyclic.
+     * leaves hints in workers to speed up subsequent calls.
      *
-     * @param joiner the joining worker
+     * @param w caller
      * @param task the task to join
-     * @return 0 if no progress can be made, negative if task
-     * known complete, else positive
      */
-    private int tryHelpStealer(WorkQueue joiner, ForkJoinTask task) {
-        int stat = 0, steps = 0;                    // bound to avoid cycles
-        if (task != null && joiner != null &&
-            joiner.base - joiner.top >= 0) {        // hoist checks
-            restart: for (;;) {
-                ForkJoinTask subtask = task;     // current target
-                for (WorkQueue j = joiner, v;;) {   // v is stealer of subtask
-                    WorkQueue[] ws; int m, s, h;
-                    if ((s = task.status) < 0) {
-                        stat = s;
-                        break restart;
-                    }
-                    if ((ws = workQueues) == null || (m = ws.length - 1) <= 0)
-                        break restart;              // shutting down
-                    if ((v = ws[h = (j.hint | 1) & m]) == null ||
-                        v.currentSteal != subtask) {
-                        for (int origin = h;;) {    // find stealer
-                            if (((h = (h + 2) & m) & 15) == 1 &&
-                                (subtask.status < 0 || j.currentJoin != subtask))
-                                continue restart;   // occasional staleness check
-                            if ((v = ws[h]) != null &&
-                                v.currentSteal == subtask) {
-                                j.hint = h;        // save hint
+    private void helpStealer(WorkQueue w, ForkJoinTask task) {
+        WorkQueue[] ws = workQueues;
+        int oldSum = 0, checkSum, m;
+        if (ws != null && (m = ws.length - 1) >= 0 && w != null &&
+            task != null) {
+            do {                                       // restart point
+                checkSum = 0;                          // for stability check
+                ForkJoinTask subtask;
+                WorkQueue j = w, v;                    // v is subtask stealer
+                descent: for (subtask = task; subtask.status >= 0; ) {
+                    for (int h = j.hint | 1, k = 0, i; ; k += 2) {
+                        if (k > m)                     // can't find stealer
+                            break descent;
+                        if ((v = ws[i = (h + k) & m]) != null) {
+                            if (v.currentSteal == subtask) {
+                                j.hint = i;
                                 break;
                             }
-                            if (h == origin)
-                                break restart;      // cannot find stealer
+                            checkSum += v.base;
                         }
                     }
-                    for (;;) { // help stealer or descend to its stealer
+                    for (;;) {                         // help v or descend
                         ForkJoinTask[] a; int b;
-                        if (subtask.status < 0)     // surround probes with
-                            continue restart;       //   consistency checks
-                        if ((b = v.base) - v.top < 0 && (a = v.array) != null) {
-                            int i = (((a.length - 1) & b) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
-                            ForkJoinTask t =
-                                (ForkJoinTask)U.getObjectVolatile(a, i);
-                            if (subtask.status < 0 || j.currentJoin != subtask ||
-                                v.currentSteal != subtask)
-                                continue restart;   // stale
-                            stat = 1;               // apparent progress
-                            if (v.base == b) {
-                                if (t == null)
-                                    break restart;
-                                if (U.compareAndSwapObject(a, i, t, null)) {
-                                    U.putOrderedInt(v, QBASE, b + 1);
-                                    ForkJoinTask ps = joiner.currentSteal;
-                                    int jt = joiner.top;
-                                    do {
-                                        joiner.currentSteal = t;
-                                        t.doExec(); // clear local tasks too
-                                    } while (task.status >= 0 &&
-                                             joiner.top != jt &&
-                                             (t = joiner.pop()) != null);
-                                    joiner.currentSteal = ps;
-                                    break restart;
-                                }
-                            }
+                        checkSum += (b = v.base);
+                        ForkJoinTask next = v.currentJoin;
+                        if (subtask.status < 0 || j.currentJoin != subtask ||
+                            v.currentSteal != subtask) // stale
+                            break descent;
+                        if (b - v.top >= 0 || (a = v.array) == null) {
+                            if ((subtask = next) == null)
+                                break descent;
+                            j = v;
+                            break;
                         }
-                        else {                      // empty -- try to descend
-                            ForkJoinTask next = v.currentJoin;
-                            if (subtask.status < 0 || j.currentJoin != subtask ||
-                                v.currentSteal != subtask)
-                                continue restart;   // stale
-                            else if (next == null || ++steps == MAX_HELP)
-                                break restart;      // dead-end or maybe cyclic
-                            else {
-                                subtask = next;
-                                j = v;
-                                break;
+                        int i = (((a.length - 1) & b) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
+                        ForkJoinTask t = ((ForkJoinTask)
+                                             U.getObjectVolatile(a, i));
+                        if (v.base == b) {
+                            if (t == null)             // stale
+                                break descent;
+                            if (U.compareAndSwapObject(a, i, t, null)) {
+                                v.base = b + 1;
+                                ForkJoinTask ps = w.currentSteal;
+                                int top = w.top;
+                                do {
+                                    U.putOrderedObject(w, QCURRENTSTEAL, t);
+                                    t.doExec();        // clear local tasks too
+                                } while (task.status >= 0 &&
+                                         w.top != top &&
+                                         (t = w.pop()) != null);
+                                U.putOrderedObject(w, QCURRENTSTEAL, ps);
+                                if (w.base != w.top)
+                                    return;            // can't further help
                             }
                         }
                     }
                 }
-            }
+            } while (task.status >= 0 && oldSum != (oldSum = checkSum));
         }
-        return stat;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Analog of tryHelpStealer for CountedCompleters. Tries to steal
-     * and run tasks within the target's computation.
-     *
-     * @param task the task to join
-     * @param maxTasks the maximum number of other tasks to run
-     */
-    final int helpComplete(WorkQueue joiner, CountedCompleter task,
-                           int maxTasks) {
-        WorkQueue[] ws; int m;
-        int s = 0;
-        if ((ws = workQueues) != null && (m = ws.length - 1) >= 0 &&
-            joiner != null && task != null) {
-            int j = joiner.poolIndex;
-            int scans = m + m + 1;
-            long c = 0L;              // for stability check
-            for (int k = scans; ; j += 2) {
-                WorkQueue q;
-                if ((s = task.status) < 0)
-                    break;
-                else if (joiner.internalPopAndExecCC(task)) {
-                    if (--maxTasks <= 0) {
-                        s = task.status;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    k = scans;
-                }
-                else if ((s = task.status) < 0)
-                    break;
-                else if ((q = ws[j & m]) != null && q.pollAndExecCC(task)) {
-                    if (--maxTasks <= 0) {
-                        s = task.status;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    k = scans;
-                }
-                else if (--k < 0) {
-                    if (c == (c = ctl))
-                        break;
-                    k = scans;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return s;
     }
 
     /**
      * Tries to decrement active count (sometimes implicitly) and
      * possibly release or create a compensating worker in preparation
-     * for blocking. Fails on contention or termination. Otherwise,
-     * adds a new thread if no idle workers are available and pool
-     * may become starved.
+     * for blocking. Returns false (retryable by caller), on
+     * contention, detected staleness, instability, or termination.
      *
-     * @param c the assumed ctl value
+     * @param w caller
      */
-    final boolean tryCompensate(long c) {
-        WorkQueue[] ws = workQueues;
-        int pc = parallelism, e = (int)c, m, tc;
-        if (ws != null && (m = ws.length - 1) >= 0 && e >= 0 && ctl == c) {
-            WorkQueue w = ws[e & m];
-            if (e != 0 && w != null) {
-                Thread p;
-                long nc = ((long)(w.nextWait & E_MASK) |
-                           (c & (AC_MASK|TC_MASK)));
-                int ne = (e + E_SEQ) & E_MASK;
-                if (w.eventCount == (e | INT_SIGN) &&
-                    U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, c, nc)) {
-                    w.eventCount = ne;
-                    if ((p = w.parker) != null)
-                        U.unpark(p);
-                    return true;   // replace with idle worker
+    private boolean tryCompensate(WorkQueue w) {
+        boolean canBlock;
+        WorkQueue[] ws; long c; int m, pc, sp;
+        if (w == null || w.qlock < 0 ||           // caller terminating
+            (ws = workQueues) == null || (m = ws.length - 1) <= 0 ||
+            (pc = config & SMASK) == 0)           // parallelism disabled
+            canBlock = false;
+        else if ((sp = (int)(c = ctl)) != 0)      // release idle worker
+            canBlock = tryRelease(c, ws[sp & m], 0L);
+        else {
+            int ac = (int)(c >> AC_SHIFT) + pc;
+            int tc = (short)(c >> TC_SHIFT) + pc;
+            int nbusy = 0;                        // validate saturation
+            for (int i = 0; i <= m; ++i) {        // two passes of odd indices
+                WorkQueue v;
+                if ((v = ws[((i << 1) | 1) & m]) != null) {
+                    if ((v.scanState & SCANNING) != 0)
+                        break;
+                    ++nbusy;
                 }
             }
-            else if ((tc = (short)(c >>> TC_SHIFT)) >= 0 &&
-                     (int)(c >> AC_SHIFT) + pc > 1) {
-                long nc = ((c - AC_UNIT) & AC_MASK) | (c & ~AC_MASK);
-                if (U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, c, nc))
-                    return true;   // no compensation
+            if (nbusy != (tc << 1) || ctl != c)
+                canBlock = false;                 // unstable or stale
+            else if (tc >= pc && ac > 1 && w.isEmpty()) {
+                long nc = ((AC_MASK & (c - AC_UNIT)) |
+                           (~AC_MASK & c));       // uncompensated
+                canBlock = U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, c, nc);
             }
-            else if (tc + pc < MAX_CAP) {
-                long nc = ((c + TC_UNIT) & TC_MASK) | (c & ~TC_MASK);
-                if (U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, c, nc)) {
-                    ForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory fac;
-                    Throwable ex = null;
-                    ForkJoinWorkerThread wt = null;
-                    try {
-                        if ((fac = factory) != null &&
-                            (wt = fac.newThread(this)) != null) {
-                            wt.start();
-                            return true;
-                        }
-                    } catch (Throwable rex) {
-                        ex = rex;
-                    }
-                    deregisterWorker(wt, ex); // clean up and return false
-                }
+            else if (tc >= MAX_CAP ||
+                     (this == common && tc >= pc + commonMaxSpares))
+                throw new RejectedExecutionException(
+                    "Thread limit exceeded replacing blocked worker");
+            else {                                // similar to tryAddWorker
+                boolean add = false; int rs;      // CAS within lock
+                long nc = ((AC_MASK & c) |
+                           (TC_MASK & (c + TC_UNIT)));
+                if (((rs = lockRunState()) & STOP) == 0)
+                    add = U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, c, nc);
+                unlockRunState(rs, rs & ~RSLOCK);
+                canBlock = add && createWorker(); // throws on exception
             }
         }
-        return false;
+        return canBlock;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Helps and/or blocks until the given task is done.
+     * Helps and/or blocks until the given task is done or timeout.
      *
-     * @param joiner the joining worker
+     * @param w caller
      * @param task the task
+     * @param deadline for timed waits, if nonzero
      * @return task status on exit
      */
-    final int awaitJoin(WorkQueue joiner, ForkJoinTask task) {
+    final int awaitJoin(WorkQueue w, ForkJoinTask task, long deadline) {
         int s = 0;
-        if (task != null && (s = task.status) >= 0 && joiner != null) {
-            ForkJoinTask prevJoin = joiner.currentJoin;
-            joiner.currentJoin = task;
-            do {} while (joiner.tryRemoveAndExec(task) && // process local tasks
-                         (s = task.status) >= 0);
-            if (s >= 0 && (task instanceof CountedCompleter))
-                s = helpComplete(joiner, (CountedCompleter)task, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
-            long cc = 0;        // for stability checks
-            while (s >= 0 && (s = task.status) >= 0) {
-                if ((s = tryHelpStealer(joiner, task)) == 0 &&
-                    (s = task.status) >= 0) {
-                    if (!tryCompensate(cc))
-                        cc = ctl;
-                    else {
-                        if (task.trySetSignal() && (s = task.status) >= 0) {
-                            synchronized (task) {
-                                if (task.status >= 0) {
-                                    try {                // see ForkJoinTask
-                                        task.wait();     //  for explanation
-                                    } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
-                                    }
-                                }
-                                else
-                                    task.notifyAll();
-                            }
-                        }
-                        long c; // reactivate
-                        do {} while (!U.compareAndSwapLong
-                                     (this, CTL, c = ctl,
-                                      ((c & ~AC_MASK) |
-                                       ((c & AC_MASK) + AC_UNIT))));
-                    }
+        if (task != null && w != null) {
+            ForkJoinTask prevJoin = w.currentJoin;
+            U.putOrderedObject(w, QCURRENTJOIN, task);
+            CountedCompleter cc = (task instanceof CountedCompleter) ?
+                (CountedCompleter)task : null;
+            for (;;) {
+                if ((s = task.status) < 0)
+                    break;
+                if (cc != null)
+                    helpComplete(w, cc, 0);
+                else if (w.base == w.top || w.tryRemoveAndExec(task))
+                    helpStealer(w, task);
+                if ((s = task.status) < 0)
+                    break;
+                long ms, ns;
+                if (deadline == 0L)
+                    ms = 0L;
+                else if ((ns = deadline - System.nanoTime()) <= 0L)
+                    break;
+                else if ((ms = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(ns)) <= 0L)
+                    ms = 1L;
+                if (tryCompensate(w)) {
+                    task.internalWait(ms);
+                    U.getAndAddLong(this, CTL, AC_UNIT);
                 }
             }
-            joiner.currentJoin = prevJoin;
+            U.putOrderedObject(w, QCURRENTJOIN, prevJoin);
         }
         return s;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Stripped-down variant of awaitJoin used by timed joins. Tries
-     * to help join only while there is continuous progress. (Caller
-     * will then enter a timed wait.)
-     *
-     * @param joiner the joining worker
-     * @param task the task
-     */
-    final void helpJoinOnce(WorkQueue joiner, ForkJoinTask task) {
-        int s;
-        if (joiner != null && task != null && (s = task.status) >= 0) {
-            ForkJoinTask prevJoin = joiner.currentJoin;
-            joiner.currentJoin = task;
-            do {} while (joiner.tryRemoveAndExec(task) && // process local tasks
-                         (s = task.status) >= 0);
-            if (s >= 0) {
-                if (task instanceof CountedCompleter)
-                    helpComplete(joiner, (CountedCompleter)task, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
-                do {} while (task.status >= 0 &&
-                             tryHelpStealer(joiner, task) > 0);
-            }
-            joiner.currentJoin = prevJoin;
-        }
-    }
+    // Specialized scanning
 
     /**
      * Returns a (probably) non-empty steal queue, if one is found
@@ -2068,19 +2074,24 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * caller if, by the time it tries to use the queue, it is empty.
      */
     private WorkQueue findNonEmptyStealQueue() {
+        WorkQueue[] ws; int m;  // one-shot version of scan loop
         int r = ThreadLocalRandom.nextSecondarySeed();
-        for (;;) {
-            int ps = plock, m; WorkQueue[] ws; WorkQueue q;
-            if ((ws = workQueues) != null && (m = ws.length - 1) >= 0) {
-                for (int j = (m + 1) << 2; j >= 0; --j) {
-                    if ((q = ws[(((r - j) << 1) | 1) & m]) != null &&
-                        q.base - q.top < 0)
+        if ((ws = workQueues) != null && (m = ws.length - 1) >= 0) {
+            for (int origin = r & m, k = origin, oldSum = 0, checkSum = 0;;) {
+                WorkQueue q; int b;
+                if ((q = ws[k]) != null) {
+                    if ((b = q.base) - q.top < 0)
                         return q;
+                    checkSum += b;
+                }
+                if ((k = (k + 1) & m) == origin) {
+                    if (oldSum == (oldSum = checkSum))
+                        break;
+                    checkSum = 0;
                 }
             }
-            if (plock == ps)
-                return null;
         }
+        return null;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2090,35 +2101,34 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * find tasks either.
      */
     final void helpQuiescePool(WorkQueue w) {
-        ForkJoinTask ps = w.currentSteal;
+        ForkJoinTask ps = w.currentSteal; // save context
         for (boolean active = true;;) {
             long c; WorkQueue q; ForkJoinTask t; int b;
-            while ((t = w.nextLocalTask()) != null)
-                t.doExec();
+            w.execLocalTasks();     // run locals before each scan
             if ((q = findNonEmptyStealQueue()) != null) {
                 if (!active) {      // re-establish active count
                     active = true;
-                    do {} while (!U.compareAndSwapLong
-                                 (this, CTL, c = ctl,
-                                  ((c & ~AC_MASK) |
-                                   ((c & AC_MASK) + AC_UNIT))));
+                    U.getAndAddLong(this, CTL, AC_UNIT);
+                }
+                if ((b = q.base) - q.top < 0 && (t = q.pollAt(b)) != null) {
+                    U.putOrderedObject(w, QCURRENTSTEAL, t);
+                    t.doExec();
+                    if (++w.nsteals < 0)
+                        w.transferStealCount(this);
                 }
-                if ((b = q.base) - q.top < 0 && (t = q.pollAt(b)) != null)
-                    w.runTask(t);
             }
             else if (active) {      // decrement active count without queuing
-                long nc = ((c = ctl) & ~AC_MASK) | ((c & AC_MASK) - AC_UNIT);
-                if ((int)(nc >> AC_SHIFT) + parallelism == 0)
+                long nc = (AC_MASK & ((c = ctl) - AC_UNIT)) | (~AC_MASK & c);
+                if ((int)(nc >> AC_SHIFT) + (config & SMASK) <= 0)
                     break;          // bypass decrement-then-increment
                 if (U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, c, nc))
                     active = false;
             }
-            else if ((int)((c = ctl) >> AC_SHIFT) + parallelism <= 0 &&
-                     U.compareAndSwapLong
-                     (this, CTL, c, ((c & ~AC_MASK) |
-                                     ((c & AC_MASK) + AC_UNIT))))
+            else if ((int)((c = ctl) >> AC_SHIFT) + (config & SMASK) <= 0 &&
+                     U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, c, c + AC_UNIT))
                 break;
         }
+        U.putOrderedObject(w, QCURRENTSTEAL, ps);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2141,7 +2151,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
     /**
      * Returns a cheap heuristic guide for task partitioning when
      * programmers, frameworks, tools, or languages have little or no
-     * idea about task granularity.  In essence by offering this
+     * idea about task granularity.  In essence, by offering this
      * method, we ask users only about tradeoffs in overhead vs
      * expected throughput and its variance, rather than how finely to
      * partition tasks.
@@ -2179,15 +2189,12 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * many of these by further considering the number of "idle"
      * threads, that are known to have zero queued tasks, so
      * compensate by a factor of (#idle/#active) threads.
-     *
-     * Note: The approximation of #busy workers as #active workers is
-     * not very good under current signalling scheme, and should be
-     * improved.
      */
     static int getSurplusQueuedTaskCount() {
         Thread t; ForkJoinWorkerThread wt; ForkJoinPool pool; WorkQueue q;
         if (((t = Thread.currentThread()) instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread)) {
-            int p = (pool = (wt = (ForkJoinWorkerThread)t).pool).parallelism;
+            int p = (pool = (wt = (ForkJoinWorkerThread)t).pool).
+                config & SMASK;
             int n = (q = wt.workQueue).top - q.base;
             int a = (int)(pool.ctl >> AC_SHIFT) + p;
             return n - (a > (p >>>= 1) ? 0 :
@@ -2202,13 +2209,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
     //  Termination
 
     /**
-     * Possibly initiates and/or completes termination.  The caller
-     * triggering termination runs three passes through workQueues:
-     * (0) Setting termination status, followed by wakeups of queued
-     * workers; (1) cancelling all tasks; (2) interrupting lagging
-     * threads (likely in external tasks, but possibly also blocked in
-     * joins).  Each pass repeats previous steps because of potential
-     * lagging thread creation.
+     * Possibly initiates and/or completes termination.
      *
      * @param now if true, unconditionally terminate, else only
      * if no work and no active workers
@@ -2216,166 +2217,256 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * @return true if now terminating or terminated
      */
     private boolean tryTerminate(boolean now, boolean enable) {
-        int ps;
-        if (this == common)                        // cannot shut down
+        int rs;
+        if (this == common)                       // cannot shut down
             return false;
-        if ((ps = plock) >= 0) {                   // enable by setting plock
+        if ((rs = runState) >= 0) {
             if (!enable)
                 return false;
-            if ((ps & PL_LOCK) != 0 ||
-                !U.compareAndSwapInt(this, PLOCK, ps, ps += PL_LOCK))
-                ps = acquirePlock();
-            int nps = ((ps + PL_LOCK) & ~SHUTDOWN) | SHUTDOWN;
-            if (!U.compareAndSwapInt(this, PLOCK, ps, nps))
-                releasePlock(nps);
+            rs = lockRunState();                  // enter SHUTDOWN phase
+            unlockRunState(rs, (rs & ~RSLOCK) | SHUTDOWN);
         }
-        for (long c;;) {
-            if (((c = ctl) & STOP_BIT) != 0) {     // already terminating
-                if ((short)(c >>> TC_SHIFT) + parallelism <= 0) {
-                    synchronized (this) {
-                        notifyAll();               // signal when 0 workers
-                    }
-                }
-                return true;
-            }
-            if (!now) {                            // check if idle & no tasks
-                WorkQueue[] ws; WorkQueue w;
-                if ((int)(c >> AC_SHIFT) + parallelism > 0)
-                    return false;
-                if ((ws = workQueues) != null) {
-                    for (int i = 0; i < ws.length; ++i) {
-                        if ((w = ws[i]) != null &&
-                            (!w.isEmpty() ||
-                             ((i & 1) != 0 && w.eventCount >= 0))) {
-                            signalWork(ws, w);
-                            return false;
+
+        if ((rs & STOP) == 0) {
+            if (!now) {                           // check quiescence
+                for (long oldSum = 0L;;) {        // repeat until stable
+                    WorkQueue[] ws; WorkQueue w; int m, b; long c;
+                    long checkSum = ctl;
+                    if ((int)(checkSum >> AC_SHIFT) + (config & SMASK) > 0)
+                        return false;             // still active workers
+                    if ((ws = workQueues) == null || (m = ws.length - 1) <= 0)
+                        break;                    // check queues
+                    for (int i = 0; i <= m; ++i) {
+                        if ((w = ws[i]) != null) {
+                            if ((b = w.base) != w.top || w.scanState >= 0 ||
+                                w.currentSteal != null) {
+                                tryRelease(c = ctl, ws[m & (int)c], AC_UNIT);
+                                return false;     // arrange for recheck
+                            }
+                            checkSum += b;
+                            if ((i & 1) == 0)
+                                w.qlock = -1;     // try to disable external
                         }
                     }
+                    if (oldSum == (oldSum = checkSum))
+                        break;
                 }
             }
-            if (U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, c, c | STOP_BIT)) {
-                for (int pass = 0; pass < 3; ++pass) {
-                    WorkQueue[] ws; WorkQueue w; Thread wt;
-                    if ((ws = workQueues) != null) {
-                        int n = ws.length;
-                        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-                            if ((w = ws[i]) != null) {
-                                w.qlock = -1;
-                                if (pass > 0) {
-                                    w.cancelAll();
-                                    if (pass > 1 && (wt = w.owner) != null) {
-                                        if (!wt.isInterrupted()) {
-                                            try {
-                                                wt.interrupt();
-                                            } catch (Throwable ignore) {
-                                            }
-                                        }
-                                        U.unpark(wt);
-                                    }
+            if ((runState & STOP) == 0) {
+                rs = lockRunState();              // enter STOP phase
+                unlockRunState(rs, (rs & ~RSLOCK) | STOP);
+            }
+        }
+
+        int pass = 0;                             // 3 passes to help terminate
+        for (long oldSum = 0L;;) {                // or until done or stable
+            WorkQueue[] ws; WorkQueue w; ForkJoinWorkerThread wt; int m;
+            long checkSum = ctl;
+            if ((short)(checkSum >>> TC_SHIFT) + (config & SMASK) <= 0 ||
+                (ws = workQueues) == null || (m = ws.length - 1) <= 0) {
+                if ((runState & TERMINATED) == 0) {
+                    rs = lockRunState();          // done
+                    unlockRunState(rs, (rs & ~RSLOCK) | TERMINATED);
+                    synchronized (this) { notifyAll(); } // for awaitTermination
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i <= m; ++i) {
+                if ((w = ws[i]) != null) {
+                    checkSum += w.base;
+                    w.qlock = -1;                 // try to disable
+                    if (pass > 0) {
+                        w.cancelAll();            // clear queue
+                        if (pass > 1 && (wt = w.owner) != null) {
+                            if (!wt.isInterrupted()) {
+                                try {             // unblock join
+                                    wt.interrupt();
+                                } catch (Throwable ignore) {
                                 }
                             }
-                        }
-                        // Wake up workers parked on event queue
-                        int i, e; long cc; Thread p;
-                        while ((e = (int)(cc = ctl) & E_MASK) != 0 &&
-                               (i = e & SMASK) < n && i >= 0 &&
-                               (w = ws[i]) != null) {
-                            long nc = ((long)(w.nextWait & E_MASK) |
-                                       ((cc + AC_UNIT) & AC_MASK) |
-                                       (cc & (TC_MASK|STOP_BIT)));
-                            if (w.eventCount == (e | INT_SIGN) &&
-                                U.compareAndSwapLong(this, CTL, cc, nc)) {
-                                w.eventCount = (e + E_SEQ) & E_MASK;
-                                w.qlock = -1;
-                                if ((p = w.parker) != null)
-                                    U.unpark(p);
-                            }
+                            if (w.scanState < 0)
+                                U.unpark(wt);     // wake up
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
+            if (checkSum != oldSum) {             // unstable
+                oldSum = checkSum;
+                pass = 0;
+            }
+            else if (pass > 3 && pass > m)        // can't further help
+                break;
+            else if (++pass > 1) {                // try to dequeue
+                long c; int j = 0, sp;            // bound attempts
+                while (j++ <= m && (sp = (int)(c = ctl)) != 0)
+                    tryRelease(c, ws[sp & m], AC_UNIT);
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // External operations
+
+    /**
+     * Full version of externalPush, handling uncommon cases, as well
+     * as performing secondary initialization upon the first
+     * submission of the first task to the pool.  It also detects
+     * first submission by an external thread and creates a new shared
+     * queue if the one at index if empty or contended.
+     *
+     * @param task the task. Caller must ensure non-null.
+     */
+    private void externalSubmit(ForkJoinTask task) {
+        int r;                                    // initialize caller's probe
+        if ((r = ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe()) == 0) {
+            ThreadLocalRandom.localInit();
+            r = ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe();
+        }
+        for (;;) {
+            WorkQueue[] ws; WorkQueue q; int rs, m, k;
+            boolean move = false;
+            if ((rs = runState) < 0) {
+                tryTerminate(false, false);     // help terminate
+                throw new RejectedExecutionException();
+            }
+            else if ((rs & STARTED) == 0 ||     // initialize
+                     ((ws = workQueues) == null || (m = ws.length - 1) < 0)) {
+                int ns = 0;
+                rs = lockRunState();
+                try {
+                    if ((rs & STARTED) == 0) {
+                        U.compareAndSwapObject(this, STEALCOUNTER, null,
+                                               new AtomicLong());
+                        // create workQueues array with size a power of two
+                        int p = config & SMASK; // ensure at least 2 slots
+                        int n = (p > 1) ? p - 1 : 1;
+                        n |= n >>> 1; n |= n >>> 2;  n |= n >>> 4;
+                        n |= n >>> 8; n |= n >>> 16; n = (n + 1) << 1;
+                        workQueues = new WorkQueue[n];
+                        ns = STARTED;
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    unlockRunState(rs, (rs & ~RSLOCK) | ns);
+                }
+            }
+            else if ((q = ws[k = r & m & SQMASK]) != null) {
+                if (q.qlock == 0 && U.compareAndSwapInt(q, QLOCK, 0, 1)) {
+                    ForkJoinTask[] a = q.array;
+                    int s = q.top;
+                    boolean submitted = false; // initial submission or resizing
+                    try {                      // locked version of push
+                        if ((a != null && a.length > s + 1 - q.base) ||
+                            (a = q.growArray()) != null) {
+                            int j = (((a.length - 1) & s) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
+                            U.putOrderedObject(a, j, task);
+                            U.putOrderedInt(q, QTOP, s + 1);
+                            submitted = true;
+                        }
+                    } finally {
+                        U.compareAndSwapInt(q, QLOCK, 1, 0);
+                    }
+                    if (submitted) {
+                        signalWork(ws, q);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+                move = true;                   // move on failure
+            }
+            else if (((rs = runState) & RSLOCK) == 0) { // create new queue
+                q = new WorkQueue(this, null);
+                q.hint = r;
+                q.config = k | SHARED_QUEUE;
+                q.scanState = INACTIVE;
+                rs = lockRunState();           // publish index
+                if (rs > 0 &&  (ws = workQueues) != null &&
+                    k < ws.length && ws[k] == null)
+                    ws[k] = q;                 // else terminated
+                unlockRunState(rs, rs & ~RSLOCK);
+            }
+            else
+                move = true;                   // move if busy
+            if (move)
+                r = ThreadLocalRandom.advanceProbe(r);
         }
     }
 
-    // external operations on common pool
+    /**
+     * Tries to add the given task to a submission queue at
+     * submitter's current queue. Only the (vastly) most common path
+     * is directly handled in this method, while screening for need
+     * for externalSubmit.
+     *
+     * @param task the task. Caller must ensure non-null.
+     */
+    final void externalPush(ForkJoinTask task) {
+        WorkQueue[] ws; WorkQueue q; int m;
+        int r = ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe();
+        int rs = runState;
+        if ((ws = workQueues) != null && (m = (ws.length - 1)) >= 0 &&
+            (q = ws[m & r & SQMASK]) != null && r != 0 && rs > 0 &&
+            U.compareAndSwapInt(q, QLOCK, 0, 1)) {
+            ForkJoinTask[] a; int am, n, s;
+            if ((a = q.array) != null &&
+                (am = a.length - 1) > (n = (s = q.top) - q.base)) {
+                int j = ((am & s) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
+                U.putOrderedObject(a, j, task);
+                U.putOrderedInt(q, QTOP, s + 1);
+                U.putOrderedInt(q, QLOCK, 0);
+                if (n <= 1)
+                    signalWork(ws, q);
+                return;
+            }
+            U.compareAndSwapInt(q, QLOCK, 1, 0);
+        }
+        externalSubmit(task);
+    }
 
     /**
-     * Returns common pool queue for a thread that has submitted at
-     * least one task.
+     * Returns common pool queue for an external thread.
      */
     static WorkQueue commonSubmitterQueue() {
-        ForkJoinPool p; WorkQueue[] ws; int m, z;
-        return ((z = ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe()) != 0 &&
-                (p = common) != null &&
-                (ws = p.workQueues) != null &&
+        ForkJoinPool p = common;
+        int r = ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe();
+        WorkQueue[] ws; int m;
+        return (p != null && (ws = p.workQueues) != null &&
                 (m = ws.length - 1) >= 0) ?
-            ws[m & z & SQMASK] : null;
+            ws[m & r & SQMASK] : null;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Tries to pop the given task from submitter's queue in common pool.
+     * Performs tryUnpush for an external submitter: Finds queue,
+     * locks if apparently non-empty, validates upon locking, and
+     * adjusts top. Each check can fail but rarely does.
      */
     final boolean tryExternalUnpush(ForkJoinTask task) {
-        WorkQueue joiner; ForkJoinTask[] a; int m, s;
-        WorkQueue[] ws = workQueues;
-        int z = ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe();
-        boolean popped = false;
-        if (ws != null && (m = ws.length - 1) >= 0 &&
-            (joiner = ws[z & m & SQMASK]) != null &&
-            joiner.base != (s = joiner.top) &&
-            (a = joiner.array) != null) {
+        WorkQueue[] ws; WorkQueue w; ForkJoinTask[] a; int m, s;
+        int r = ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe();
+        if ((ws = workQueues) != null && (m = ws.length - 1) >= 0 &&
+            (w = ws[m & r & SQMASK]) != null &&
+            (a = w.array) != null && (s = w.top) != w.base) {
             long j = (((a.length - 1) & (s - 1)) << ASHIFT) + ABASE;
-            if (U.getObject(a, j) == task &&
-                U.compareAndSwapInt(joiner, QLOCK, 0, 1)) {
-                if (joiner.top == s && joiner.array == a &&
+            if (U.compareAndSwapInt(w, QLOCK, 0, 1)) {
+                if (w.top == s && w.array == a &&
+                    U.getObject(a, j) == task &&
                     U.compareAndSwapObject(a, j, task, null)) {
-                    joiner.top = s - 1;
-                    popped = true;
+                    U.putOrderedInt(w, QTOP, s - 1);
+                    U.putOrderedInt(w, QLOCK, 0);
+                    return true;
                 }
-                joiner.qlock = 0;
+                U.compareAndSwapInt(w, QLOCK, 1, 0);
             }
         }
-        return popped;
+        return false;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Performs helpComplete for an external submitter.
+     */
     final int externalHelpComplete(CountedCompleter task, int maxTasks) {
-        WorkQueue joiner; int m;
-        WorkQueue[] ws = workQueues;
-        int j = ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe();
-        int s = 0;
-        if (ws != null && (m = ws.length - 1) >= 0 &&
-            (joiner = ws[j & m & SQMASK]) != null && task != null) {
-            int scans = m + m + 1;
-            long c = 0L;             // for stability check
-            j |= 1;                  // poll odd queues
-            for (int k = scans; ; j += 2) {
-                WorkQueue q;
-                if ((s = task.status) < 0)
-                    break;
-                else if (joiner.externalPopAndExecCC(task)) {
-                    if (--maxTasks <= 0) {
-                        s = task.status;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    k = scans;
-                }
-                else if ((s = task.status) < 0)
-                    break;
-                else if ((q = ws[j & m]) != null && q.pollAndExecCC(task)) {
-                    if (--maxTasks <= 0) {
-                        s = task.status;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    k = scans;
-                }
-                else if (--k < 0) {
-                    if (c == (c = ctl))
-                        break;
-                    k = scans;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return s;
+        WorkQueue[] ws; int n;
+        int r = ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe();
+        return ((ws = workQueues) == null || (n = ws.length) == 0) ? 0 :
+            helpComplete(ws[(n - 1) & r & SQMASK], task, maxTasks);
     }
 
     // Exported methods
@@ -2447,7 +2538,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
         this(checkParallelism(parallelism),
              checkFactory(factory),
              handler,
-             (asyncMode ? FIFO_QUEUE : LIFO_QUEUE),
+             asyncMode ? FIFO_QUEUE : LIFO_QUEUE,
              "ForkJoinPool-" + nextPoolId() + "-worker-");
         checkPermission();
     }
@@ -2478,8 +2569,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
         this.workerNamePrefix = workerNamePrefix;
         this.factory = factory;
         this.ueh = handler;
-        this.mode = (short)mode;
-        this.parallelism = (short)parallelism;
+        this.config = (parallelism & SMASK) | mode;
         long np = (long)(-parallelism); // offset ctl counts
         this.ctl = ((np << AC_SHIFT) & AC_MASK) | ((np << TC_SHIFT) & TC_MASK);
     }
@@ -2624,7 +2714,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
         // In previous versions of this class, this method constructed
         // a task to run ForkJoinTask.invokeAll, but now external
         // invocation of multiple tasks is at least as efficient.
-        ArrayList> futures = new ArrayList>(tasks.size());
+        ArrayList> futures = new ArrayList<>(tasks.size());
 
         boolean done = false;
         try {
@@ -2670,7 +2760,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      */
     public int getParallelism() {
         int par;
-        return ((par = parallelism) > 0) ? par : 1;
+        return ((par = config & SMASK) > 0) ? par : 1;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2692,7 +2782,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * @return the number of worker threads
      */
     public int getPoolSize() {
-        return parallelism + (short)(ctl >>> TC_SHIFT);
+        return (config & SMASK) + (short)(ctl >>> TC_SHIFT);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2702,7 +2792,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * @return {@code true} if this pool uses async mode
      */
     public boolean getAsyncMode() {
-        return mode == FIFO_QUEUE;
+        return (config & FIFO_QUEUE) != 0;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2733,7 +2823,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * @return the number of active threads
      */
     public int getActiveThreadCount() {
-        int r = parallelism + (int)(ctl >> AC_SHIFT);
+        int r = (config & SMASK) + (int)(ctl >> AC_SHIFT);
         return (r <= 0) ? 0 : r; // suppress momentarily negative values
     }
 
@@ -2749,7 +2839,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * @return {@code true} if all threads are currently idle
      */
     public boolean isQuiescent() {
-        return parallelism + (int)(ctl >> AC_SHIFT) <= 0;
+        return (config & SMASK) + (int)(ctl >> AC_SHIFT) <= 0;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2764,7 +2854,8 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * @return the number of steals
      */
     public long getStealCount() {
-        long count = stealCount;
+        AtomicLong sc = stealCounter;
+        long count = (sc == null) ? 0L : sc.get();
         WorkQueue[] ws; WorkQueue w;
         if ((ws = workQueues) != null) {
             for (int i = 1; i < ws.length; i += 2) {
@@ -2894,7 +2985,8 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
     public String toString() {
         // Use a single pass through workQueues to collect counts
         long qt = 0L, qs = 0L; int rc = 0;
-        long st = stealCount;
+        AtomicLong sc = stealCounter;
+        long st = (sc == null) ? 0L : sc.get();
         long c = ctl;
         WorkQueue[] ws; WorkQueue w;
         if ((ws = workQueues) != null) {
@@ -2912,16 +3004,16 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
                 }
             }
         }
-        int pc = parallelism;
+        int pc = (config & SMASK);
         int tc = pc + (short)(c >>> TC_SHIFT);
         int ac = pc + (int)(c >> AC_SHIFT);
         if (ac < 0) // ignore transient negative
             ac = 0;
-        String level;
-        if ((c & STOP_BIT) != 0)
-            level = (tc == 0) ? "Terminated" : "Terminating";
-        else
-            level = plock < 0 ? "Shutting down" : "Running";
+        int rs = runState;
+        String level = ((rs & TERMINATED) != 0 ? "Terminated" :
+                        (rs & STOP)       != 0 ? "Terminating" :
+                        (rs & SHUTDOWN)   != 0 ? "Shutting down" :
+                        "Running");
         return super.toString() +
             "[" + level +
             ", parallelism = " + pc +
@@ -2983,9 +3075,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * @return {@code true} if all tasks have completed following shut down
      */
     public boolean isTerminated() {
-        long c = ctl;
-        return ((c & STOP_BIT) != 0L &&
-                (short)(c >>> TC_SHIFT) + parallelism <= 0);
+        return (runState & TERMINATED) != 0;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -3002,9 +3092,8 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * @return {@code true} if terminating but not yet terminated
      */
     public boolean isTerminating() {
-        long c = ctl;
-        return ((c & STOP_BIT) != 0L &&
-                (short)(c >>> TC_SHIFT) + parallelism > 0);
+        int rs = runState;
+        return (rs & STOP) != 0 && (rs & TERMINATED) == 0;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -3013,7 +3102,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * @return {@code true} if this pool has been shut down
      */
     public boolean isShutdown() {
-        return plock < 0;
+        return (runState & SHUTDOWN) != 0;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -3090,8 +3179,9 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
             }
             found = false;
             for (int j = (m + 1) << 2; j >= 0; --j) {
-                ForkJoinTask t; WorkQueue q; int b;
-                if ((q = ws[r++ & m]) != null && (b = q.base) - q.top < 0) {
+                ForkJoinTask t; WorkQueue q; int b, k;
+                if ((k = r++ & m) <= m && k >= 0 && (q = ws[k]) != null &&
+                    (b = q.base) - q.top < 0) {
                     found = true;
                     if ((t = q.pollAt(b)) != null)
                         t.doExec();
@@ -3115,8 +3205,8 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
      * in {@link ForkJoinPool}s.
      *
      * 
    A {@code ManagedBlocker} provides two methods.  Method
-     * {@code isReleasable} must return {@code true} if blocking is
-     * not necessary. Method {@code block} blocks the current thread
+     * {@link #isReleasable} must return {@code true} if blocking is
+     * not necessary. Method {@link #block} blocks the current thread
      * if necessary (perhaps internally invoking {@code isReleasable}
      * before actually blocking). These actions are performed by any
      * thread invoking {@link ForkJoinPool#managedBlock(ManagedBlocker)}.
@@ -3185,37 +3275,46 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Blocks in accord with the given blocker.  If the current thread
-     * is a {@link ForkJoinWorkerThread}, this method possibly
-     * arranges for a spare thread to be activated if necessary to
-     * ensure sufficient parallelism while the current thread is blocked.
+     * Runs the given possibly blocking task.  When {@linkplain
+     * ForkJoinTask#inForkJoinPool() running in a ForkJoinPool}, this
+     * method possibly arranges for a spare thread to be activated if
+     * necessary to ensure sufficient parallelism while the current
+     * thread is blocked in {@link ManagedBlocker#block blocker.block()}.
      *
-     * 
    If the caller is not a {@link ForkJoinTask}, this method is
+     * 
    This method repeatedly calls {@code blocker.isReleasable()} and
+     * {@code blocker.block()} until either method returns {@code true}.
+     * Every call to {@code blocker.block()} is preceded by a call to
+     * {@code blocker.isReleasable()} that returned {@code false}.
+     *
+     * 
    If not running in a ForkJoinPool, this method is
      * behaviorally equivalent to
      *  
     {@code
      * while (!blocker.isReleasable())
      *   if (blocker.block())
-     *     return;
-     * }
    
+     *     break;}
    • 
      *
-     * If the caller is a {@code ForkJoinTask}, then the pool may
-     * first be expanded to ensure parallelism, and later adjusted.
+     * If running in a ForkJoinPool, the pool may first be expanded to
+     * ensure sufficient parallelism available during the call to
+     * {@code blocker.block()}.
      *
-     * @param blocker the blocker
-     * @throws InterruptedException if blocker.block did so
+     * @param blocker the blocker task
+     * @throws InterruptedException if {@code blocker.block()} did so
      */
     public static void managedBlock(ManagedBlocker blocker)
         throws InterruptedException {
+        ForkJoinPool p;
+        ForkJoinWorkerThread wt;
         Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
-        if (t instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread) {
-            ForkJoinPool p = ((ForkJoinWorkerThread)t).pool;
+        if ((t instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread) &&
+            (p = (wt = (ForkJoinWorkerThread)t).pool) != null) {
+            WorkQueue w = wt.workQueue;
             while (!blocker.isReleasable()) {
-                if (p.tryCompensate(p.ctl)) {
+                if (p.tryCompensate(w)) {
                     try {
                         do {} while (!blocker.isReleasable() &&
                                      !blocker.block());
                     } finally {
-                        p.incrementActiveCount();
+                        U.getAndAddLong(p, CTL, AC_UNIT);
                     }
                     break;
                 }
@@ -3241,15 +3340,18 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
 
     // Unsafe mechanics
     private static final sun.misc.Unsafe U;
+    private static final int  ABASE;
+    private static final int  ASHIFT;
     private static final long CTL;
+    private static final long RUNSTATE;
+    private static final long STEALCOUNTER;
     private static final long PARKBLOCKER;
-    private static final int ABASE;
-    private static final int ASHIFT;
-    private static final long STEALCOUNT;
-    private static final long PLOCK;
-    private static final long INDEXSEED;
-    private static final long QBASE;
+    private static final long QTOP;
     private static final long QLOCK;
+    private static final long QSCANSTATE;
+    private static final long QPARKER;
+    private static final long QCURRENTSTEAL;
+    private static final long QCURRENTJOIN;
 
     static {
         // initialize field offsets for CAS etc
@@ -3258,20 +3360,26 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
             Class k = ForkJoinPool.class;
             CTL = U.objectFieldOffset
                 (k.getDeclaredField("ctl"));
-            STEALCOUNT = U.objectFieldOffset
-                (k.getDeclaredField("stealCount"));
-            PLOCK = U.objectFieldOffset
-                (k.getDeclaredField("plock"));
-            INDEXSEED = U.objectFieldOffset
-                (k.getDeclaredField("indexSeed"));
+            RUNSTATE = U.objectFieldOffset
+                (k.getDeclaredField("runState"));
+            STEALCOUNTER = U.objectFieldOffset
+                (k.getDeclaredField("stealCounter"));
             Class tk = Thread.class;
             PARKBLOCKER = U.objectFieldOffset
                 (tk.getDeclaredField("parkBlocker"));
             Class wk = WorkQueue.class;
-            QBASE = U.objectFieldOffset
-                (wk.getDeclaredField("base"));
+            QTOP = U.objectFieldOffset
+                (wk.getDeclaredField("top"));
             QLOCK = U.objectFieldOffset
                 (wk.getDeclaredField("qlock"));
+            QSCANSTATE = U.objectFieldOffset
+                (wk.getDeclaredField("scanState"));
+            QPARKER = U.objectFieldOffset
+                (wk.getDeclaredField("parker"));
+            QCURRENTSTEAL = U.objectFieldOffset
+                (wk.getDeclaredField("currentSteal"));
+            QCURRENTJOIN = U.objectFieldOffset
+                (wk.getDeclaredField("currentJoin"));
             Class ak = ForkJoinTask[].class;
             ABASE = U.arrayBaseOffset(ak);
             int scale = U.arrayIndexScale(ak);
@@ -3282,6 +3390,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
             throw new Error(e);
         }
 
+        commonMaxSpares = DEFAULT_COMMON_MAX_SPARES;
         defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory =
             new DefaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory();
         modifyThreadPermission = new RuntimePermission("modifyThread");
@@ -3289,7 +3398,7 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
         common = java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged
             (new java.security.PrivilegedAction() {
                 public ForkJoinPool run() { return makeCommonPool(); }});
-        int par = common.parallelism; // report 1 even if threads disabled
+        int par = common.config & SMASK; // report 1 even if threads disabled
         commonParallelism = par > 0 ? par : 1;
     }
 
@@ -3308,6 +3417,8 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
                 ("java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.common.threadFactory");
             String hp = System.getProperty
                 ("java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.common.exceptionHandler");
+            String mp = System.getProperty
+                ("java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.common.maximumSpares");
             if (pp != null)
                 parallelism = Integer.parseInt(pp);
             if (fp != null)
@@ -3316,6 +3427,8 @@ public class ForkJoinPool extends AbstractExecutorService {
             if (hp != null)
                 handler = ((UncaughtExceptionHandler)ClassLoader.
                            getSystemClassLoader().loadClass(hp).newInstance());
+            if (mp != null)
+                commonMaxSpares = Integer.parseInt(mp);
         } catch (Exception ignore) {
         }
         if (factory == null) {
diff --git a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/ForkJoinTask.java b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/ForkJoinTask.java
index 936bfc23a33..4439c2407da 100644
--- a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/ForkJoinTask.java
+++ b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/ForkJoinTask.java
@@ -297,15 +297,22 @@ public abstract class ForkJoinTask implements Future, Serializable {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Tries to set SIGNAL status unless already completed. Used by
-     * ForkJoinPool. Other variants are directly incorporated into
-     * externalAwaitDone etc.
+     * If not done, sets SIGNAL status and performs Object.wait(timeout).
+     * This task may or may not be done on exit. Ignores interrupts.
      *
-     * @return true if successful
+     * @param timeout using Object.wait conventions.
      */
-    final boolean trySetSignal() {
-        int s = status;
-        return s >= 0 && U.compareAndSwapInt(this, STATUS, s, s | SIGNAL);
+    final void internalWait(long timeout) {
+        int s;
+        if ((s = status) >= 0 && // force completer to issue notify
+            U.compareAndSwapInt(this, STATUS, s, s | SIGNAL)) {
+            synchronized (this) {
+                if (status >= 0)
+                    try { wait(timeout); } catch (InterruptedException ie) { }
+                else
+                    notifyAll();
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -313,35 +320,29 @@ public abstract class ForkJoinTask implements Future, Serializable {
      * @return status upon completion
      */
     private int externalAwaitDone() {
-        int s;
-        ForkJoinPool cp = ForkJoinPool.common;
-        if ((s = status) >= 0) {
-            if (cp != null) {
-                if (this instanceof CountedCompleter)
-                    s = cp.externalHelpComplete((CountedCompleter)this, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
-                else if (cp.tryExternalUnpush(this))
-                    s = doExec();
-            }
-            if (s >= 0 && (s = status) >= 0) {
-                boolean interrupted = false;
-                do {
-                    if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, STATUS, s, s | SIGNAL)) {
-                        synchronized (this) {
-                            if (status >= 0) {
-                                try {
-                                    wait();
-                                } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
-                                    interrupted = true;
-                                }
+        int s = ((this instanceof CountedCompleter) ? // try helping
+                 ForkJoinPool.common.externalHelpComplete(
+                     (CountedCompleter)this, 0) :
+                 ForkJoinPool.common.tryExternalUnpush(this) ? doExec() : 0);
+        if (s >= 0 && (s = status) >= 0) {
+            boolean interrupted = false;
+            do {
+                if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, STATUS, s, s | SIGNAL)) {
+                    synchronized (this) {
+                        if (status >= 0) {
+                            try {
+                                wait(0L);
+                            } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
+                                interrupted = true;
                             }
-                            else
-                                notifyAll();
                         }
+                        else
+                            notifyAll();
                     }
-                } while ((s = status) >= 0);
-                if (interrupted)
-                    Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
-            }
+                }
+            } while ((s = status) >= 0);
+            if (interrupted)
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
         }
         return s;
     }
@@ -351,22 +352,22 @@ public abstract class ForkJoinTask implements Future, Serializable {
      */
     private int externalInterruptibleAwaitDone() throws InterruptedException {
         int s;
-        ForkJoinPool cp = ForkJoinPool.common;
         if (Thread.interrupted())
             throw new InterruptedException();
-        if ((s = status) >= 0 && cp != null) {
-            if (this instanceof CountedCompleter)
-                cp.externalHelpComplete((CountedCompleter)this, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
-            else if (cp.tryExternalUnpush(this))
-                doExec();
-        }
-        while ((s = status) >= 0) {
-            if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, STATUS, s, s | SIGNAL)) {
-                synchronized (this) {
-                    if (status >= 0)
-                        wait();
-                    else
-                        notifyAll();
+        if ((s = status) >= 0 &&
+            (s = ((this instanceof CountedCompleter) ?
+                  ForkJoinPool.common.externalHelpComplete(
+                      (CountedCompleter)this, 0) :
+                  ForkJoinPool.common.tryExternalUnpush(this) ? doExec() :
+                  0)) >= 0) {
+            while ((s = status) >= 0) {
+                if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, STATUS, s, s | SIGNAL)) {
+                    synchronized (this) {
+                        if (status >= 0)
+                            wait(0L);
+                        else
+                            notifyAll();
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -386,7 +387,7 @@ public abstract class ForkJoinTask implements Future, Serializable {
             ((t = Thread.currentThread()) instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread) ?
             (w = (wt = (ForkJoinWorkerThread)t).workQueue).
             tryUnpush(this) && (s = doExec()) < 0 ? s :
-            wt.pool.awaitJoin(w, this) :
+            wt.pool.awaitJoin(w, this, 0L) :
             externalAwaitDone();
     }
 
@@ -399,7 +400,8 @@ public abstract class ForkJoinTask implements Future, Serializable {
         int s; Thread t; ForkJoinWorkerThread wt;
         return (s = doExec()) < 0 ? s :
             ((t = Thread.currentThread()) instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread) ?
-            (wt = (ForkJoinWorkerThread)t).pool.awaitJoin(wt.workQueue, this) :
+            (wt = (ForkJoinWorkerThread)t).pool.
+            awaitJoin(wt.workQueue, this, 0L) :
             externalAwaitDone();
     }
 
@@ -577,7 +579,7 @@ public abstract class ForkJoinTask implements Future, Serializable {
         Throwable ex;
         if (e == null || (ex = e.ex) == null)
             return null;
-        if (false && e.thrower != Thread.currentThread().getId()) {
+        if (e.thrower != Thread.currentThread().getId()) {
             Class ec = ex.getClass();
             try {
                 Constructor noArgCtor = null;
@@ -587,13 +589,17 @@ public abstract class ForkJoinTask implements Future, Serializable {
                     Class[] ps = c.getParameterTypes();
                     if (ps.length == 0)
                         noArgCtor = c;
-                    else if (ps.length == 1 && ps[0] == Throwable.class)
-                        return (Throwable)(c.newInstance(ex));
+                    else if (ps.length == 1 && ps[0] == Throwable.class) {
+                        Throwable wx = (Throwable)c.newInstance(ex);
+                        return (wx == null) ? ex : wx;
+                    }
                 }
                 if (noArgCtor != null) {
                     Throwable wx = (Throwable)(noArgCtor.newInstance());
-                    wx.initCause(ex);
-                    return wx;
+                    if (wx != null) {
+                        wx.initCause(ex);
+                        return wx;
+                    }
                 }
             } catch (Exception ignore) {
             }
@@ -1017,67 +1023,40 @@ public abstract class ForkJoinTask implements Future, Serializable {
      */
     public final V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
         throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
+        int s;
+        long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
         if (Thread.interrupted())
             throw new InterruptedException();
-        // Messy in part because we measure in nanosecs, but wait in millisecs
-        int s; long ms;
-        long ns = unit.toNanos(timeout);
-        ForkJoinPool cp;
-        if ((s = status) >= 0 && ns > 0L) {
-            long deadline = System.nanoTime() + ns;
-            ForkJoinPool p = null;
-            ForkJoinPool.WorkQueue w = null;
+        if ((s = status) >= 0 && nanos > 0L) {
+            long d = System.nanoTime() + nanos;
+            long deadline = (d == 0L) ? 1L : d; // avoid 0
             Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
             if (t instanceof ForkJoinWorkerThread) {
                 ForkJoinWorkerThread wt = (ForkJoinWorkerThread)t;
-                p = wt.pool;
-                w = wt.workQueue;
-                p.helpJoinOnce(w, this); // no retries on failure
+                s = wt.pool.awaitJoin(wt.workQueue, this, deadline);
             }
-            else if ((cp = ForkJoinPool.common) != null) {
-                if (this instanceof CountedCompleter)
-                    cp.externalHelpComplete((CountedCompleter)this, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
-                else if (cp.tryExternalUnpush(this))
-                    doExec();
-            }
-            boolean canBlock = false;
-            boolean interrupted = false;
-            try {
-                while ((s = status) >= 0) {
-                    if (w != null && w.qlock < 0)
-                        cancelIgnoringExceptions(this);
-                    else if (!canBlock) {
-                        if (p == null || p.tryCompensate(p.ctl))
-                            canBlock = true;
-                    }
-                    else {
-                        if ((ms = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(ns)) > 0L &&
-                            U.compareAndSwapInt(this, STATUS, s, s | SIGNAL)) {
-                            synchronized (this) {
-                                if (status >= 0) {
-                                    try {
-                                        wait(ms);
-                                    } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
-                                        if (p == null)
-                                            interrupted = true;
-                                    }
-                                }
-                                else
-                                    notifyAll();
-                            }
+            else if ((s = ((this instanceof CountedCompleter) ?
+                           ForkJoinPool.common.externalHelpComplete(
+                               (CountedCompleter)this, 0) :
+                           ForkJoinPool.common.tryExternalUnpush(this) ?
+                           doExec() : 0)) >= 0) {
+                long ns, ms; // measure in nanosecs, but wait in millisecs
+                while ((s = status) >= 0 &&
+                       (ns = deadline - System.nanoTime()) > 0L) {
+                    if ((ms = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(ns)) > 0L &&
+                        U.compareAndSwapInt(this, STATUS, s, s | SIGNAL)) {
+                        synchronized (this) {
+                            if (status >= 0)
+                                wait(ms); // OK to throw InterruptedException
+                            else
+                                notifyAll();
                         }
-                        if ((s = status) < 0 || interrupted ||
-                            (ns = deadline - System.nanoTime()) <= 0L)
-                            break;
                     }
                 }
-            } finally {
-                if (p != null && canBlock)
-                    p.incrementActiveCount();
             }
-            if (interrupted)
-                throw new InterruptedException();
         }
+        if (s >= 0)
+            s = status;
         if ((s &= DONE_MASK) != NORMAL) {
             Throwable ex;
             if (s == CANCELLED)
diff --git a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/ForkJoinWorkerThread.java b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/ForkJoinWorkerThread.java
index 404c47cc01a..8723f0aac69 100644
--- a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/ForkJoinWorkerThread.java
+++ b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/ForkJoinWorkerThread.java
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ public class ForkJoinWorkerThread extends Thread {
      * owning thread.
      *
      * Support for (non-public) subclass InnocuousForkJoinWorkerThread
-     * requires that we break quite a lot of encapulation (via Unsafe)
+     * requires that we break quite a lot of encapsulation (via Unsafe)
      * both here and in the subclass to access and set Thread fields.
      */
 
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ public class ForkJoinWorkerThread extends Thread {
      * @return the index number
      */
     public int getPoolIndex() {
-        return workQueue.poolIndex >>> 1; // ignore odd/even tag bit
+        return workQueue.getPoolIndex();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ public class ForkJoinWorkerThread extends Thread {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Erases ThreadLocals by nulling out Thread maps
+     * Erases ThreadLocals by nulling out Thread maps.
      */
     final void eraseThreadLocals() {
         U.putObject(this, THREADLOCALS, null);
@@ -246,8 +246,8 @@ public class ForkJoinWorkerThread extends Thread {
 
         /**
          * Returns a new group with the system ThreadGroup (the
-         * topmost, parentless group) as parent.  Uses Unsafe to
-         * traverse Thread group and ThreadGroup parent fields.
+         * topmost, parent-less group) as parent.  Uses Unsafe to
+         * traverse Thread.group and ThreadGroup.parent fields.
          */
         private static ThreadGroup createThreadGroup() {
             try {
@@ -274,4 +274,3 @@ public class ForkJoinWorkerThread extends Thread {
     }
 
 }
-
diff --git a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/tools/keytool/CertAndKeyGen.java b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/tools/keytool/CertAndKeyGen.java
index a8a748cdb14..e2b4cfbb823 100644
--- a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/tools/keytool/CertAndKeyGen.java
+++ b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/tools/keytool/CertAndKeyGen.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1996, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1996, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -158,8 +158,8 @@ public final class CertAndKeyGen {
         // publicKey's format must be X.509 otherwise
         // the whole CertGen part of this class is broken.
         if (!"X.509".equalsIgnoreCase(publicKey.getFormat())) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("publicKey's is not X.509, but "
-                    + publicKey.getFormat());
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Public key format is "
+                + publicKey.getFormat() + ", must be X.509");
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/calendar/ZoneInfoFile.java b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/calendar/ZoneInfoFile.java
index 4c423b703a7..78d9f3ed6cb 100644
--- a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/calendar/ZoneInfoFile.java
+++ b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/calendar/ZoneInfoFile.java
@@ -615,7 +615,9 @@ public final class ZoneInfoFile {
                 //                 startTime=86400000   <= 24 hours
                 // This:           startDayOfWeek=6
                 //                 startTime=0
-                // Below is the workaround, it probably slows down everyone a little
+                // Similar workaround needs to be applied to Africa/Cairo and
+                // its endDayOfWeek and endTime
+                // Below is the workarounds, it probably slows down everyone a little
                 if (params[2] == 6 && params[3] == 0 &&
                     (zoneId.equals("Asia/Amman") ||
                      zoneId.equals("Asia/Gaza") ||
@@ -623,6 +625,13 @@ public final class ZoneInfoFile {
                     params[2] = 5;
                     params[3] = 86400000;
                 }
+                //endDayOfWeek and endTime workaround
+                if (params[7] == 6 && params[8] == 0 &&
+                    (zoneId.equals("Africa/Cairo"))) {
+                    params[7] = 5;
+                    params[8] = 86400000;
+                }
+
             } else if (nTrans > 0) {  // only do this if there is something in table already
                 if (lastyear < LASTYEAR) {
                     // ZoneInfo has an ending entry for 2037
diff --git a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/cldr/CLDRLocaleProviderAdapter.java b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/cldr/CLDRLocaleProviderAdapter.java
index bda94f63bec..f267212f102 100644
--- a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/cldr/CLDRLocaleProviderAdapter.java
+++ b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/cldr/CLDRLocaleProviderAdapter.java
@@ -25,20 +25,20 @@
 
 package sun.util.cldr;
 
-import java.io.File;
 import java.security.AccessController;
-import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
+import java.security.PrivilegedActionException;
+import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction;
 import java.text.spi.BreakIteratorProvider;
 import java.text.spi.CollatorProvider;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Locale;
-import java.util.ResourceBundle;
+import java.util.ServiceLoader;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.StringTokenizer;
-import java.util.spi.TimeZoneNameProvider;
 import sun.util.locale.provider.JRELocaleProviderAdapter;
 import sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleProviderAdapter;
+import sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleDataMetaInfo;
 
 /**
  * LocaleProviderAdapter implementation for the CLDR locale data.
@@ -47,26 +47,31 @@ import sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleProviderAdapter;
  * @author Naoto Sato
  */
 public class CLDRLocaleProviderAdapter extends JRELocaleProviderAdapter {
-    private static final String LOCALE_DATA_JAR_NAME = "cldrdata.jar";
+
+    private final LocaleDataMetaInfo metaInfo;
 
     public CLDRLocaleProviderAdapter() {
-        final String sep = File.separator;
-        String localeDataJar = java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
-                    new sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction("java.home"))
-                + sep + "lib" + sep + "ext" + sep + LOCALE_DATA_JAR_NAME;
-
-        // Peek at the installed extension directory to see if the jar file for
-        // CLDR resources is installed or not.
-        final File f = new File(localeDataJar);
-        boolean result = AccessController.doPrivileged(
-                new PrivilegedAction() {
+        try {
+            metaInfo = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction() {
                     @Override
-                    public Boolean run() {
-                        return f.exists();
+                public LocaleDataMetaInfo run() {
+                    for (LocaleDataMetaInfo ldmi : ServiceLoader.loadInstalled(LocaleDataMetaInfo.class)) {
+                        if (ldmi.getType() == LocaleProviderAdapter.Type.CLDR) {
+                            return ldmi;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return null;
                     }
                 });
-        if (!result) {
-            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+        }  catch (Exception e) {
+            // Catch any exception, and fail gracefully as if CLDR locales do not exist.
+            // It's ok ignore it if something wrong happens because there always is the
+            // JRE or FALLBACK LocaleProviderAdapter that will do the right thing.
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(e);
+        }
+
+        if (metaInfo == null) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("CLDR locale data could not be found.");
         }
     }
 
@@ -91,7 +96,7 @@ public class CLDRLocaleProviderAdapter extends JRELocaleProviderAdapter {
 
     @Override
     public Locale[] getAvailableLocales() {
-        Set all = createLanguageTagSet("All");
+        Set all = createLanguageTagSet("AvailableLocales");
         Locale[] locs = new Locale[all.size()];
         int index = 0;
         for (String tag : all) {
@@ -102,11 +107,10 @@ public class CLDRLocaleProviderAdapter extends JRELocaleProviderAdapter {
 
     @Override
     protected Set createLanguageTagSet(String category) {
-        ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle("sun.util.cldr.CLDRLocaleDataMetaInfo", Locale.ROOT);
-        if (rb.containsKey(category)) {
+        String supportedLocaleString = metaInfo.availableLanguageTags(category);
+        if (supportedLocaleString == null) {
             return Collections.emptySet();
         }
-        String supportedLocaleString = rb.getString(category);
         Set tagset = new HashSet<>();
         StringTokenizer tokens = new StringTokenizer(supportedLocaleString);
         while (tokens.hasMoreTokens()) {
diff --git a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/provider/AuxLocaleProviderAdapter.java b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/provider/AuxLocaleProviderAdapter.java
index 05ddd6e91d4..7ddcd0e3c61 100644
--- a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/provider/AuxLocaleProviderAdapter.java
+++ b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/provider/AuxLocaleProviderAdapter.java
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public abstract class AuxLocaleProviderAdapter extends LocaleProviderAdapter {
     /**
      * SPI implementations map
      */
-    private ConcurrentMap, LocaleServiceProvider> providersMap =
+    private final ConcurrentMap, LocaleServiceProvider> providersMap =
             new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 
     /**
@@ -167,7 +167,6 @@ public abstract class AuxLocaleProviderAdapter extends LocaleProviderAdapter {
                     avail.addAll(Arrays.asList(lsp.getAvailableLocales()));
                 }
             }
-            availableLocales = avail.toArray(new Locale[0]);
         }
 
         // assuming caller won't mutate the array.
@@ -178,7 +177,7 @@ public abstract class AuxLocaleProviderAdapter extends LocaleProviderAdapter {
      * A dummy locale service provider that indicates there is no
      * provider available
      */
-    private static NullProvider NULL_PROVIDER = new NullProvider();
+    private static final NullProvider NULL_PROVIDER = new NullProvider();
     private static class NullProvider extends LocaleServiceProvider {
         @Override
         public Locale[] getAvailableLocales() {
diff --git a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/provider/JRELocaleProviderAdapter.java b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/provider/JRELocaleProviderAdapter.java
index f07d793a88d..efde2013320 100644
--- a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/provider/JRELocaleProviderAdapter.java
+++ b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/provider/JRELocaleProviderAdapter.java
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@
 
 package sun.util.locale.provider;
 
-import java.io.File;
 import java.security.AccessController;
-import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
+import java.security.PrivilegedActionException;
+import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction;
 import java.text.spi.BreakIteratorProvider;
 import java.text.spi.CollatorProvider;
 import java.text.spi.DateFormatProvider;
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import java.text.spi.NumberFormatProvider;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.ServiceLoader;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.StringTokenizer;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
@@ -58,8 +59,6 @@ import sun.util.spi.CalendarProvider;
  */
 public class JRELocaleProviderAdapter extends LocaleProviderAdapter implements ResourceBundleBasedAdapter {
 
-    private static final String LOCALE_DATA_JAR_NAME = "localedata.jar";
-
     private final ConcurrentMap> langtagSets
         = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 
@@ -356,26 +355,56 @@ public class JRELocaleProviderAdapter extends LocaleProviderAdapter implements R
     }
 
     protected Set createLanguageTagSet(String category) {
-        String supportedLocaleString = LocaleDataMetaInfo.getSupportedLocaleString(category);
+        String supportedLocaleString = createSupportedLocaleString(category);
         if (supportedLocaleString == null) {
             return Collections.emptySet();
         }
         Set tagset = new HashSet<>();
         StringTokenizer tokens = new StringTokenizer(supportedLocaleString);
         while (tokens.hasMoreTokens()) {
-            String token = tokens.nextToken();
-            if (token.equals("|")) {
-                if (isNonENLangSupported()) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                break;
-            }
-            tagset.add(token);
+            tagset.add(tokens.nextToken());
         }
 
         return tagset;
     }
 
+    private static String createSupportedLocaleString(String category) {
+        // Directly call English tags, as we know it's in the base module.
+        String supportedLocaleString = EnLocaleDataMetaInfo.getSupportedLocaleString(category);
+
+        // Use ServiceLoader to dynamically acquire installed locales' tags.
+        try {
+            String nonENTags = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction() {
+                @Override
+                public String run() {
+                    String tags = null;
+                    for (LocaleDataMetaInfo ldmi :
+                         ServiceLoader.loadInstalled(LocaleDataMetaInfo.class)) {
+                        if (ldmi.getType() == LocaleProviderAdapter.Type.JRE) {
+                            String t = ldmi.availableLanguageTags(category);
+                            if (t != null) {
+                                if (tags == null) {
+                                    tags = t;
+                                } else {
+                                    tags += " " + t;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return tags;
+                }
+            });
+
+            if (nonENTags != null) {
+                supportedLocaleString += " " + nonENTags;
+            }
+        }  catch (Exception e) {
+            // catch any exception, and ignore them as if non-EN locales do not exist.
+        }
+
+        return supportedLocaleString;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Lazy load available locales.
      */
@@ -387,27 +416,17 @@ public class JRELocaleProviderAdapter extends LocaleProviderAdapter implements R
 
     private static Locale[] createAvailableLocales() {
         /*
-         * Gets the locale string list from LocaleDataMetaInfo class and then
+         * Gets the locale string list from LocaleDataMetaInfo classes and then
          * contructs the Locale array and a set of language tags based on the
          * locale string returned above.
          */
-        String supportedLocaleString = LocaleDataMetaInfo.getSupportedLocaleString("AvailableLocales");
+        String supportedLocaleString = createSupportedLocaleString("AvailableLocales");
 
         if (supportedLocaleString.length() == 0) {
             throw new InternalError("No available locales for JRE");
         }
 
-        /*
-         * Look for "|" and construct a new locale string list.
-         */
-        int barIndex = supportedLocaleString.indexOf('|');
-        StringTokenizer localeStringTokenizer;
-        if (isNonENLangSupported()) {
-            localeStringTokenizer = new StringTokenizer(supportedLocaleString.substring(0, barIndex)
-                    + supportedLocaleString.substring(barIndex + 1));
-        } else {
-            localeStringTokenizer = new StringTokenizer(supportedLocaleString.substring(0, barIndex));
-        }
+        StringTokenizer localeStringTokenizer = new StringTokenizer(supportedLocaleString);
 
         int length = localeStringTokenizer.countTokens();
         Locale[] locales = new Locale[length + 1];
@@ -430,39 +449,4 @@ public class JRELocaleProviderAdapter extends LocaleProviderAdapter implements R
         }
         return locales;
     }
-
-    private static volatile Boolean isNonENSupported = null;
-
-    /*
-     * Returns true if the non EN resources jar file exists in jre
-     * extension directory. @returns true if the jar file is there. Otherwise,
-     * returns false.
-     */
-    private static boolean isNonENLangSupported() {
-        if (isNonENSupported == null) {
-            synchronized (JRELocaleProviderAdapter.class) {
-                if (isNonENSupported == null) {
-                    final String sep = File.separator;
-                    String localeDataJar =
-                            java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
-                            new sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction("java.home"))
-                            + sep + "lib" + sep + "ext" + sep + LOCALE_DATA_JAR_NAME;
-
-                    /*
-                     * Peek at the installed extension directory to see if
-                     * localedata.jar is installed or not.
-                     */
-                    final File f = new File(localeDataJar);
-                    isNonENSupported =
-                        AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() {
-                            @Override
-                            public Boolean run() {
-                                return f.exists();
                             }
-                        });
-               }
-            }
-        }
-        return isNonENSupported;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/provider/LocaleDataMetaInfo-XLocales.java.template b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/provider/LocaleDataMetaInfo-XLocales.java.template
index 52ac29de777..7509b602b6c 100644
--- a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/provider/LocaleDataMetaInfo-XLocales.java.template
+++ b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/provider/LocaleDataMetaInfo-XLocales.java.template
@@ -30,19 +30,17 @@
  * each resource in sun.util.resources & sun.text.resources.
  * It is used to avoid loading non-existent localized resources so that
  * jar files won't be opened unnecessary to look up them.
- *
- * @since 1.6
  */
-package sun.util.locale.provider;
+package #Package#;
 
 import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleDataMetaInfo;
+import static sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleProviderAdapter.Type;
 
+public class #Lang#LocaleDataMetaInfo implements LocaleDataMetaInfo {
 
-public class LocaleDataMetaInfo {
-
-    private static final HashMap resourceNameToLocales =
-        new HashMap(7);
-
+    private static final Map resourceNameToLocales = new HashMap<>(9);
 
     static {
         /* During JDK build time, #XXX_YYY# will be replaced by a string contain all the locales
@@ -52,38 +50,51 @@ public class LocaleDataMetaInfo {
            look up locale string such as "en" could be based on if it contains " en ".
         */
         resourceNameToLocales.put("FormatData",
-                                  " #FormatData_ENLocales# | #FormatData_NonENLocales# ");
+                                  " #FormatData_Locales# ");
 
         resourceNameToLocales.put("CollationData",
-                                  " #CollationData_ENLocales# | #CollationData_NonENLocales# ");
+                                  " #CollationData_Locales# ");
 
         resourceNameToLocales.put("BreakIteratorInfo",
-                                  " #BreakIteratorInfo_ENLocales# | #BreakIteratorInfo_NonENLocales# ");
+                                  " #BreakIteratorInfo_Locales# ");
 
         resourceNameToLocales.put("BreakIteratorRules",
-                                  " #BreakIteratorRules_ENLocales# | #BreakIteratorRules_NonENLocales# ");
+                                  " #BreakIteratorRules_Locales# ");
 
         resourceNameToLocales.put("TimeZoneNames",
-                                  " #TimeZoneNames_ENLocales# | #TimeZoneNames_NonENLocales# ");
+                                  " #TimeZoneNames_Locales# ");
 
         resourceNameToLocales.put("LocaleNames",
-                                  " #LocaleNames_ENLocales# | #LocaleNames_NonENLocales# ");
+                                  " #LocaleNames_Locales# ");
 
         resourceNameToLocales.put("CurrencyNames",
-                                  " #CurrencyNames_ENLocales# | #CurrencyNames_NonENLocales# ");
+                                  " #CurrencyNames_Locales# ");
 
         resourceNameToLocales.put("CalendarData",
-                                  " #CalendarData_ENLocales# | #CalendarData_NonENLocales# ");
+                                  " #CalendarData_Locales# ");
 
         resourceNameToLocales.put("AvailableLocales",
-                                  " #AvailableLocales_ENLocales# | #AvailableLocales_NonENLocales# ");
+                                  " #AvailableLocales_Locales# ");
     }
 
     /*
+     * Gets the supported locales string based on the availability of
+     * locale data resource bundles for each resource name.
+     *
      * @param resourceName the resource name
      * @return the supported locale string for the passed in resource.
      */
     public static String getSupportedLocaleString(String resourceName) {
-        return resourceNameToLocales.get(resourceName);
+        return resourceNameToLocales.getOrDefault(resourceName, "");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Type getType() {
+        return Type.JRE;
+}
+
+    @Override
+    public String availableLanguageTags(String category) {
+        return getSupportedLocaleString(category);
     }
 }
diff --git a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/provider/LocaleDataMetaInfo.java b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/provider/LocaleDataMetaInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..149348f66d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/locale/provider/LocaleDataMetaInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package sun.util.locale.provider;
+
+/**
+ * LocaleData meta info SPI
+ *
+ * @author Naoto Sato
+ */
+public interface LocaleDataMetaInfo {
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the type of LocaleProviderAdapter for which this LocaleData
+     * provides the data.
+     * @return type The type of the adapter.
+     */
+    public LocaleProviderAdapter.Type getType();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the string concatenation of the supported language tags in
+     * this LocaleData instance
+     * @param category category of the locale data.
+     * @return concatenated language tags, separated by a space.
+     */
+    public String availableLanguageTags(String category);
+}
diff --git a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/resources/LocaleData.java b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/resources/LocaleData.java
index 679baf6ebbb..75ee2f018ba 100644
--- a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/resources/LocaleData.java
+++ b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/resources/LocaleData.java
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ import java.util.MissingResourceException;
 import java.util.ResourceBundle;
 import java.util.Set;
 import sun.util.locale.provider.JRELocaleProviderAdapter;
-import sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleDataMetaInfo;
 import sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleProviderAdapter;
 import static sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleProviderAdapter.Type.CLDR;
 import static sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleProviderAdapter.Type.JRE;
diff --git a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/resources/TimeZoneNames.java b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/resources/TimeZoneNames.java
index 298a233d850..9ab92c93620 100644
--- a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/resources/TimeZoneNames.java
+++ b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/util/resources/TimeZoneNames.java
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ACT[] = new String[] {"Acre Time", "ACT",
                                      "Acre Summer Time", "ACST",
                                      "Acre Time", "ACT"};
-        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"Central Standard Time (South Australia)", "CST",
-                                          "Central Summer Time (South Australia)", "CST",
-                                          "Central Time (South Australia)", "CT"};
+        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"Australian Central Standard Time (South Australia)", "ACST",
+                                          "Australian Central Daylight Time (South Australia)", "ACDT",
+                                          "Australian Central Time (South Australia)", "ACT"};
         String AGT[] = new String[] {"Argentine Time", "ART",
                                      "Argentine Summer Time", "ARST",
                                      "Argentine Time", "ART"};
@@ -71,12 +71,12 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String BDT[] = new String[] {"Bangladesh Time", "BDT",
                                      "Bangladesh Summer Time", "BDST",
                                      "Bangladesh Time", "BDT"};
-        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"Eastern Standard Time (Queensland)", "EST",
-                                          "Eastern Summer Time (Queensland)", "EST",
-                                          "Eastern Time (Queensland)", "ET"};
-        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"Central Standard Time (South Australia/New South Wales)", "CST",
-                                             "Central Summer Time (South Australia/New South Wales)", "CST",
-                                             "Central Time (South Australia/New South Wales)", "CT"};
+        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"Australian Eastern Standard Time (Queensland)", "AEST",
+                                          "Australian Eastern Daylight Time (Queensland)", "AEDT",
+                                          "Australian Eastern Time (Queensland)", "AET"};
+        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"Australian Central Standard Time (South Australia/New South Wales)", "ACST",
+                                             "Australian Central Daylight Time (South Australia/New South Wales)", "ACDT",
+                                             "Australian Central Time (South Australia/New South Wales)", "ACT"};
         String BRT[] = new String[] {"Brasilia Time", "BRT",
                                      "Brasilia Summer Time", "BRST",
                                      "Brasilia Time", "BRT"};
@@ -110,9 +110,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String CUBA[] = new String[] {"Cuba Standard Time", "CST",
                                       "Cuba Daylight Time", "CDT",
                                       "Cuba Time", "CT"};
-        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"Central Standard Time (Northern Territory)", "CST",
-                                        "Central Summer Time (Northern Territory)", "CST",
-                                        "Central Time (Northern Territory)", "CT"};
+        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"Australian Central Standard Time (Northern Territory)", "ACST",
+                                        "Australian Central Daylight Time (Northern Territory)", "ACDT",
+                                        "Australian Central Time (Northern Territory)", "ACT"};
         String DUBLIN[] = new String[] {"Greenwich Mean Time", "GMT",
                                         "Irish Summer Time", "IST",
                                         "Irish Time", "IT"};
@@ -131,9 +131,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String EST[] = new String[] {"Eastern Standard Time", "EST",
                                      "Eastern Daylight Time", "EDT",
                                      "Eastern Time", "ET"};
-        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"Eastern Standard Time (New South Wales)", "EST",
-                                         "Eastern Summer Time (New South Wales)", "EST",
-                                         "Eastern Time (New South Wales)", "ET"};
+        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"Australian Eastern Standard Time (New South Wales)", "AEST",
+                                         "Australian Eastern Daylight Time (New South Wales)", "AEDT",
+                                         "Australian Eastern Time (New South Wales)", "AET"};
         String FET[] = new String[] {"Further-eastern European Time", "FET",
                                      "Further-eastern European Summer Time", "FEST",
                                      "Further-eastern European Time", "FET"};
@@ -167,6 +167,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String IRT[] = new String[] {"Iran Standard Time", "IRST",
                                      "Iran Daylight Time", "IRDT",
                                      "Iran Time", "IRT"};
+        String IRKT[] = new String[] {"Irkutsk Time", "IRKT",
+                                      "Irkutsk Summer Time", "IRKST",
+                                      "Irkutsk Time", "IRKT"};
         String ISRAEL[] = new String[] {"Israel Standard Time", "IST",
                                         "Israel Daylight Time", "IDT",
                                         "Israel Time", "IT"};
@@ -176,11 +179,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String JST[] = new String[] {"Japan Standard Time", "JST",
                                      "Japan Daylight Time", "JDT",
                                      "Japan Time", "JT"};
+        String KRAT[] = new String[] {"Krasnoyarsk Time", "KRAT",
+                                      "Krasnoyarsk Summer Time", "KRAST",
+                                      "Krasnoyarsk Time", "KRAT"};
         String KST[] = new String[] {"Korea Standard Time", "KST",
                                      "Korea Daylight Time", "KDT",
                                      "Korea Time", "KT"};
         String LORD_HOWE[] = new String[] {"Lord Howe Standard Time", "LHST",
-                                           "Lord Howe Summer Time", "LHST",
+                                           "Lord Howe Daylight Time", "LHDT",
                                            "Lord Howe Time", "LHT"};
         String MHT[] = new String[] {"Marshall Islands Time", "MHT",
                                      "Marshall Islands Summer Time", "MHST",
@@ -230,21 +236,15 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String SGT[] = new String[] {"Singapore Time", "SGT",
                                      "Singapore Summer Time", "SGST",
                                      "Singapore Time", "SGT"};
-        String SLST[] = new String[] {"Greenwich Mean Time", "GMT",
-                                      "Sierra Leone Summer Time", "SLST",
-                                      "Sierra Leone Time", "SLT"};
-        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"Eastern Standard Time (Tasmania)", "EST",
-                                          "Eastern Summer Time (Tasmania)", "EST",
-                                          "Eastern Time (Tasmania)", "ET"};
+        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"Australian Eastern Standard Time (Tasmania)", "AEST",
+                                          "Australian Eastern Daylight Time (Tasmania)", "AEDT",
+                                          "Australian Eastern Time (Tasmania)", "AET"};
         String TMT[] = new String[] {"Turkmenistan Time", "TMT",
                                      "Turkmenistan Summer Time", "TMST",
                                      "Turkmenistan Time", "TMT"};
         String ULAT[]= new String[] {"Ulaanbaatar Time", "ULAT",
                                      "Ulaanbaatar Summer Time", "ULAST",
                                      "Ulaanbaatar Time", "ULAT"};
-        String WART[] = new String[] {"Western Argentine Time", "WART",
-                                      "Western Argentine Summer Time", "WARST",
-                                      "Western Argentine Time", "WART"};
         String WAT[] = new String[] {"Western African Time", "WAT",
                                      "Western African Summer Time", "WAST",
                                      "Western African Time", "WAT"};
@@ -254,27 +254,30 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String WIT[] = new String[] {"West Indonesia Time", "WIB",
                                      "West Indonesia Summer Time", "WIST",
                                      "West Indonesia Time", "WIB"};
-        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"Western Standard Time (Australia)", "WST",
-                                         "Western Summer Time (Australia)", "WST",
-                                         "Western Time (Australia)", "WT"};
+        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"Australian Western Standard Time", "AWST",
+                                         "Australian Western Daylight Time", "AWDT",
+                                         "Australian Western Time", "AWT"};
         String SAMOA[] = new String[] {"Samoa Standard Time", "SST",
                                        "Samoa Daylight Time", "SDT",
                                        "Samoa Time", "ST"};
-        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"West Samoa Time", "WST",
+        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"West Samoa Standard Time", "WSST",
                                            "West Samoa Daylight Time", "WSDT",
                                            "West Samoa Time", "WST"};
         String ChST[] = new String[] {"Chamorro Standard Time", "ChST",
                                       "Chamorro Daylight Time", "ChDT",
                                       "Chamorro Time", "ChT"};
-        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"Eastern Standard Time (Victoria)", "EST",
-                                          "Eastern Summer Time (Victoria)", "EST",
-                                          "Eastern Time (Victoria)", "ET"};
+        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"Australian Eastern Standard Time (Victoria)", "AEST",
+                                          "Australian Eastern Daylight Time (Victoria)", "AEDT",
+                                          "Australian Eastern Time (Victoria)", "AET"};
         String UTC[] = new String[] {"Coordinated Universal Time", "UTC",
                                      "Coordinated Universal Time", "UTC",
                                      "Coordinated Universal Time", "UTC"};
         String UZT[] = new String[] {"Uzbekistan Time", "UZT",
                                      "Uzbekistan Summer Time", "UZST",
                                      "Uzbekistan Time", "UZT"};
+        String XJT[] = new String[] {"Xinjiang Standard Time", "XJT",
+                                     "Xinjiang Daylight Time", "XJDT",
+                                     "Xinjiang Time", "XJT"};
 
         return new Object[][] {
             {"America/Los_Angeles", PST},
@@ -336,7 +339,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Africa/Djibouti", EAT},
             {"Africa/Douala", WAT},
             {"Africa/El_Aaiun", WET},
-            {"Africa/Freetown", SLST},
+            {"Africa/Freetown", GMT},
             {"Africa/Gaborone", CAT},
             {"Africa/Harare", CAT},
             {"Africa/Johannesburg", SAST},
@@ -437,7 +440,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                               "Western Greenland Summer Time", "WGST",
                                               "Western Greenland Time", "WGT"}},
             {"America/Goose_Bay", AST},
-            {"America/Grand_Turk", EST},
+            {"America/Grand_Turk", AST},
             {"America/Grenada", AST},
             {"America/Guadeloupe", AST},
             {"America/Guatemala", CST},
@@ -484,9 +487,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"America/Mendoza", AGT},
             {"America/Menominee", CST},
             {"America/Merida", CST},
-            {"America/Metlakatla", new String[] {"Metlakatla Standard Time", "MeST",
-                                                 "Metlakatla Daylight Time", "MeDT",
-                                                 "Metlakatla Time", "MeT"}},
+            {"America/Metlakatla", PST},
             {"America/Mexico_City", CST},
             {"America/Miquelon", new String[] {"Pierre & Miquelon Standard Time", "PMST",
                                                "Pierre & Miquelon Daylight Time", "PMDT",
@@ -555,8 +556,8 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Antarctica/DumontDUrville", new String[] {"Dumont-d'Urville Time", "DDUT",
                                                         "Dumont-d'Urville Summer Time", "DDUST",
                                                         "Dumont-d'Urville Time", "DDUT"}},
-            {"Antarctica/Macquarie", new String[] {"Macquarie Island Time", "MIST",
-                                                   "Macquarie Island Summer Time", "MIST",
+            {"Antarctica/Macquarie", new String[] {"Macquarie Island Standard Time", "MIST",
+                                                   "Macquarie Island Daylight Time", "MIDT",
                                                    "Macquarie Island Time", "MIST"}},
             {"Antarctica/Mawson", new String[] {"Mawson Time", "MAWT",
                                                 "Mawson Summer Time", "MAWST",
@@ -607,6 +608,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "Brunei Summer Time", "BNST",
                                           "Brunei Time", "BNT"}},
             {"Asia/Calcutta", IST},
+            {"Asia/Chita", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Choibalsan", new String[] {"Choibalsan Time", "CHOT",
                                               "Choibalsan Summer Time", "CHOST",
                                               "Choibalsan Time", "CHOT"}},
@@ -631,9 +633,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Hovd", new String[] {"Hovd Time", "HOVT",
                                         "Hovd Summer Time", "HOVST",
                                         "Hovd Time", "HOVT"}},
-            {"Asia/Irkutsk", new String[] {"Irkutsk Time", "IRKT",
-                                           "Irkutsk Summer Time", "IRKST",
-                                           "Irkutsk Time", "IRKT"}},
+            {"Asia/Irkutsk", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Asia/Jakarta", WIT},
             {"Asia/Jayapura", new String[] {"East Indonesia Time", "WIT",
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                              "Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski Summer Time", "PETST",
                                              "Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski Time", "PETT"}},
             {"Asia/Karachi", PKT},
-            {"Asia/Kashgar", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Kashgar", XJT},
             {"Asia/Kathmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Katmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Khandyga", new String[] {"Khandyga Time", "YAKT",
@@ -654,9 +654,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                             "Khandyga Time", "YAKT"}},
 
             {"Asia/Kolkata", IST},
-            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", new String[] {"Krasnoyarsk Time", "KRAT",
-                                               "Krasnoyarsk Summer Time", "KRAST",
-                                               "Krasnoyarsk Time", "KRAT"}},
+            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Kuala_Lumpur", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuching", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuwait", ARAST},
@@ -671,7 +669,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "Philippines Time", "PHT"}},
             {"Asia/Muscat", GST},
             {"Asia/Nicosia", EET},
-            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", NOVT},
+            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Novosibirsk", NOVT},
             {"Asia/Oral", new String[] {"Oral Time", "ORAT",
                                         "Oral Summer Time", "ORAST",
@@ -697,6 +695,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Samarkand", UZT},
             {"Asia/Seoul", KST},
             {"Asia/Singapore", SGT},
+            {"Asia/Srednekolymsk", new String[] {"Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Daylight Time", "SREDT",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET"}},
             {"Asia/Taipei", CTT},
             {"Asia/Tel_Aviv", ISRAEL},
             {"Asia/Tashkent", UZT},
@@ -709,7 +710,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Ujung_Pandang", CIT},
             {"Asia/Ulaanbaatar", ULAT},
             {"Asia/Ulan_Bator", ULAT},
-            {"Asia/Urumqi", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Urumqi", XJT},
             {"Asia/Ust-Nera", new String[] {"Ust-Nera Time", "VLAT",
                                             "Ust-Nera Summer Time", "VLAST",
                                             "Ust-Nera Time", "VLAT"}},
@@ -751,9 +752,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Australia/Canberra", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Currie", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Darwin", DARWIN},
-            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"Central Western Standard Time (Australia)", "CWST",
-                                              "Central Western Summer Time (Australia)", "CWST",
-                                              "Central Western Time (Australia)", "CWT"}},
+            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"Australian Central Western Standard Time", "ACWST",
+                                              "Australian Central Western Daylight Time", "ACWDT",
+                                              "Australian Central Western Time", "ACWT"}},
             {"Australia/Hobart", TASMANIA},
             {"Australia/LHI", LORD_HOWE},
             {"Australia/Lindeman", BRISBANE},
@@ -819,7 +820,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Isle_of_Man", GMTBST},
             {"Europe/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Europe/Jersey", GMTBST},
-            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", FET},
+            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", EET},
             {"Europe/Kiev", EET},
             {"Europe/Lisbon", WET},
             {"Europe/Ljubljana", CET},
@@ -854,9 +855,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Vatican", CET},
             {"Europe/Vienna", CET},
             {"Europe/Vilnius", EET},
-            {"Europe/Volgograd", new String[] {"Volgograd Time", "VOLT",
-                                               "Volgograd Summer Time", "VOLST",
-                                               "Volgograd Time", "VOLT"}},
+            {"Europe/Volgograd", MSK},
             {"Europe/Warsaw", CET},
             {"Europe/Zagreb", CET},
             {"Europe/Zaporozhye", EET},
diff --git a/jdk/src/java.base/windows/classes/sun/nio/fs/WindowsNativeDispatcher.java b/jdk/src/java.base/windows/classes/sun/nio/fs/WindowsNativeDispatcher.java
index d20d12fb053..82a4bc3aecd 100644
--- a/jdk/src/java.base/windows/classes/sun/nio/fs/WindowsNativeDispatcher.java
+++ b/jdk/src/java.base/windows/classes/sun/nio/fs/WindowsNativeDispatcher.java
@@ -36,6 +36,17 @@ import sun.misc.Unsafe;
 class WindowsNativeDispatcher {
     private WindowsNativeDispatcher() { }
 
+    /**
+     * HANDLE CreateEvent(
+     *   LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpEventAttributes,
+     *   BOOL bManualReset,
+     *   BOOL bInitialState,
+     *   PCTSTR lpName
+     * );
+     */
+    static native long CreateEvent(boolean bManualReset, boolean bInitialState)
+        throws WindowsException;
+
     /**
      * HANDLE CreateFile(
      *   LPCTSTR lpFileName,
@@ -1041,6 +1052,25 @@ class WindowsNativeDispatcher {
                                              long pOverlapped)
         throws WindowsException;
 
+
+    /**
+     * CancelIo(
+     *   HANDLE hFile
+     * )
+     */
+    static native void CancelIo(long hFile) throws WindowsException;
+
+    /**
+     * GetOverlappedResult(
+     *   HANDLE hFile,
+     *   LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped,
+     *   LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesTransferred,
+     *   BOOL bWait
+     * );
+     */
+    static native int GetOverlappedResult(long hFile, long lpOverlapped)
+        throws WindowsException;
+
     /**
      * BackupRead(
      *   HANDLE hFile,
diff --git a/jdk/src/java.base/windows/classes/sun/nio/fs/WindowsWatchService.java b/jdk/src/java.base/windows/classes/sun/nio/fs/WindowsWatchService.java
index 6677c874348..737c485698f 100644
--- a/jdk/src/java.base/windows/classes/sun/nio/fs/WindowsWatchService.java
+++ b/jdk/src/java.base/windows/classes/sun/nio/fs/WindowsWatchService.java
@@ -25,9 +25,16 @@
 
 package sun.nio.fs;
 
-import java.nio.file.*;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.*;
+import java.nio.file.NotDirectoryException;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.StandardWatchEventKinds;
+import java.nio.file.WatchEvent;
+import java.nio.file.WatchKey;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
 import com.sun.nio.file.ExtendedWatchEventModifier;
 import sun.misc.Unsafe;
 
@@ -42,7 +49,6 @@ class WindowsWatchService
     extends AbstractWatchService
 {
     private final static int WAKEUP_COMPLETION_KEY = 0;
-    private final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
 
     // background thread to service I/O completion port
     private final Poller poller;
@@ -82,7 +88,7 @@ class WindowsWatchService
     /**
      * Windows implementation of WatchKey.
      */
-    private class WindowsWatchKey extends AbstractWatchKey {
+    private static class WindowsWatchKey extends AbstractWatchKey {
         // file key (used to detect existing registrations)
         private final FileKey fileKey;
 
@@ -169,15 +175,9 @@ class WindowsWatchService
             return completionKey;
         }
 
-        // close directory and release buffer
-        void releaseResources() {
-            CloseHandle(handle);
-            buffer.cleaner().clean();
-        }
-
-        // Invalidate key by closing directory and releasing buffer
+        // Invalidate the key, assumes that resources have been released
         void invalidate() {
-            releaseResources();
+            ((WindowsWatchService)watcher()).poller.releaseResources(this);
             handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
             buffer = null;
             countAddress = 0;
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class WindowsWatchService
         public void cancel() {
             if (isValid()) {
                 // delegate to poller
-                poller.cancel(this);
+                ((WindowsWatchService)watcher()).poller.cancel(this);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -241,18 +241,25 @@ class WindowsWatchService
     /**
      * Background thread to service I/O completion port.
      */
-    private class Poller extends AbstractPoller {
+    private static class Poller extends AbstractPoller {
+        private final static Unsafe UNSAFE = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
+
         /*
          * typedef struct _OVERLAPPED {
-         *     DWORD  Internal;
-         *     DWORD  InternalHigh;
-         *     DWORD  Offset;
-         *     DWORD  OffsetHigh;
-         *     HANDLE hEvent;
+         *     ULONG_PTR  Internal;
+         *     ULONG_PTR  InternalHigh;
+         *     union {
+         *         struct { DWORD Offset; DWORD OffsetHigh; };
+         *         PVOID  Pointer;
+         *     };
+         *     HANDLE    hEvent;
          * } OVERLAPPED;
          */
         private static final short SIZEOF_DWORD         = 4;
         private static final short SIZEOF_OVERLAPPED    = 32; // 20 on 32-bit
+        private static final short OFFSETOF_HEVENT      =
+            (UNSAFE.addressSize() == 4) ? (short) 16 : 24;
+
 
         /*
          * typedef struct _FILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION {
@@ -276,10 +283,10 @@ class WindowsWatchService
         private final long port;
 
         // maps completion key to WatchKey
-        private final Map ck2key;
+        private final Map ck2key;
 
         // maps file key to WatchKey
-        private final Map fk2key;
+        private final Map fk2key;
 
         // unique completion key for each directory
         // native completion key capacity is 64 bits on Win64.
@@ -393,8 +400,13 @@ class WindowsWatchService
                 long overlappedAddress = bufferAddress + size - SIZEOF_OVERLAPPED;
                 long countAddress = overlappedAddress - SIZEOF_DWORD;
 
+                // zero the overlapped structure
+                UNSAFE.setMemory(overlappedAddress, SIZEOF_OVERLAPPED, (byte)0);
+
                 // start async read of changes to directory
                 try {
+                    createAndAttachEvent(overlappedAddress);
+
                     ReadDirectoryChangesW(handle,
                                           bufferAddress,
                                           CHANGES_BUFFER_SIZE,
@@ -403,6 +415,7 @@ class WindowsWatchService
                                           countAddress,
                                           overlappedAddress);
                 } catch (WindowsException x) {
+                    closeAttachedEvent(overlappedAddress);
                     buffer.release();
                     return new IOException(x.getMessage());
                 }
@@ -421,7 +434,7 @@ class WindowsWatchService
                     // 2. release existing key's resources (handle/buffer)
                     // 3. re-initialize key with new handle/buffer
                     ck2key.remove(existing.completionKey());
-                    existing.releaseResources();
+                    releaseResources(existing);
                     watchKey = existing.init(handle, events, watchSubtree, buffer,
                         countAddress, overlappedAddress, completionKey);
                 }
@@ -436,6 +449,42 @@ class WindowsWatchService
             }
         }
 
+        /**
+         * Cancels the outstanding I/O operation on the directory
+         * associated with the given key and releases the associated
+         * resources.
+         */
+        private void releaseResources(WindowsWatchKey key) {
+            try {
+                CancelIo(key.handle());
+                GetOverlappedResult(key.handle(), key.overlappedAddress());
+            } catch (WindowsException expected) {
+                // expected as I/O operation has been cancelled
+            }
+            CloseHandle(key.handle());
+            closeAttachedEvent(key.overlappedAddress());
+            key.buffer().cleaner().clean();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates an unnamed event and set it as the hEvent field
+         * in the given OVERLAPPED structure
+         */
+        private void createAndAttachEvent(long ov) throws WindowsException {
+            long hEvent = CreateEvent(false, false);
+            UNSAFE.putAddress(ov + OFFSETOF_HEVENT, hEvent);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Closes the event attached to the given OVERLAPPED structure. A
+         * no-op if there isn't an event attached.
+         */
+        private void closeAttachedEvent(long ov) {
+            long hEvent = UNSAFE.getAddress(ov + OFFSETOF_HEVENT);
+            if (hEvent != 0 && hEvent != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+               CloseHandle(hEvent);
+        }
+
         // cancel single key
         @Override
         void implCancelKey(WatchKey obj) {
@@ -451,9 +500,8 @@ class WindowsWatchService
         @Override
         void implCloseAll() {
             // cancel all keys
-            for (Map.Entry entry: ck2key.entrySet()) {
-                entry.getValue().invalidate();
-            }
+            ck2key.values().forEach(WindowsWatchKey::invalidate);
+
             fk2key.clear();
             ck2key.clear();
 
@@ -462,8 +510,7 @@ class WindowsWatchService
         }
 
         // Translate file change action into watch event
-        private WatchEvent.Kind translateActionToEvent(int action)
-        {
+        private WatchEvent.Kind translateActionToEvent(int action) {
             switch (action) {
                 case FILE_ACTION_MODIFIED :
                     return StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_MODIFY;
@@ -487,18 +534,18 @@ class WindowsWatchService
 
             int nextOffset;
             do {
-                int action = unsafe.getInt(address + OFFSETOF_ACTION);
+                int action = UNSAFE.getInt(address + OFFSETOF_ACTION);
 
                 // map action to event
                 WatchEvent.Kind kind = translateActionToEvent(action);
                 if (key.events().contains(kind)) {
                     // copy the name
-                    int nameLengthInBytes = unsafe.getInt(address + OFFSETOF_FILENAMELENGTH);
+                    int nameLengthInBytes = UNSAFE.getInt(address + OFFSETOF_FILENAMELENGTH);
                     if ((nameLengthInBytes % 2) != 0) {
-                        throw new AssertionError("FileNameLength.FileNameLength is not a multiple of 2");
+                        throw new AssertionError("FileNameLength is not a multiple of 2");
                     }
                     char[] nameAsArray = new char[nameLengthInBytes/2];
-                    unsafe.copyMemory(null, address + OFFSETOF_FILENAME, nameAsArray,
+                    UNSAFE.copyMemory(null, address + OFFSETOF_FILENAME, nameAsArray,
                         Unsafe.ARRAY_CHAR_BASE_OFFSET, nameLengthInBytes);
 
                     // create FileName and queue event
@@ -508,7 +555,7 @@ class WindowsWatchService
                 }
 
                 // next event
-                nextOffset = unsafe.getInt(address + OFFSETOF_NEXTENTRYOFFSET);
+                nextOffset = UNSAFE.getInt(address + OFFSETOF_NEXTENTRYOFFSET);
                 address += (long)nextOffset;
             } while (nextOffset != 0);
         }
diff --git a/jdk/src/java.base/windows/native/libnio/fs/WindowsNativeDispatcher.c b/jdk/src/java.base/windows/native/libnio/fs/WindowsNativeDispatcher.c
index 94e060fa193..8075d046763 100644
--- a/jdk/src/java.base/windows/native/libnio/fs/WindowsNativeDispatcher.c
+++ b/jdk/src/java.base/windows/native/libnio/fs/WindowsNativeDispatcher.c
@@ -195,6 +195,17 @@ Java_sun_nio_fs_WindowsNativeDispatcher_initIDs(JNIEnv* env, jclass this)
     }
 }
 
+JNIEXPORT jlong JNICALL
+Java_sun_nio_fs_WindowsNativeDispatcher_CreateEvent(JNIEnv* env, jclass this,
+    jboolean bManualReset, jboolean bInitialState)
+{
+    HANDLE hEvent = CreateEventW(NULL, bManualReset, bInitialState, NULL);
+    if (hEvent == NULL) {
+        throwWindowsException(env, GetLastError());
+    }
+    return ptr_to_jlong(hEvent);
+}
+
 JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL
 Java_sun_nio_fs_WindowsNativeDispatcher_FormatMessage(JNIEnv* env, jclass this, jint errorCode) {
     WCHAR message[255];
@@ -1229,6 +1240,31 @@ Java_sun_nio_fs_WindowsNativeDispatcher_PostQueuedCompletionStatus(JNIEnv* env,
     }
 }
 
+JNIEXPORT void JNICALL
+Java_sun_nio_fs_WindowsNativeDispatcher_CancelIo(JNIEnv* env, jclass this, jlong hFile) {
+    if (CancelIo((HANDLE)jlong_to_ptr(hFile)) == 0) {
+        throwWindowsException(env, GetLastError());
+    }
+}
+
+JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
+Java_sun_nio_fs_WindowsNativeDispatcher_GetOverlappedResult(JNIEnv *env, jclass this,
+    jlong hFile, jlong lpOverlapped)
+{
+    BOOL res;
+    DWORD bytesTransferred = -1;
+
+    res = GetOverlappedResult((HANDLE)jlong_to_ptr(hFile),
+                              (LPOVERLAPPED)jlong_to_ptr(lpOverlapped),
+                              &bytesTransferred,
+                              TRUE);
+    if (res == 0) {
+        throwWindowsException(env, GetLastError());
+    }
+
+    return (jint)bytesTransferred;
+}
+
 JNIEXPORT void JNICALL
 Java_sun_nio_fs_WindowsNativeDispatcher_ReadDirectoryChangesW(JNIEnv* env, jclass this,
     jlong hDirectory, jlong bufferAddress, jint bufferLength, jboolean watchSubTree, jint filter,
@@ -1236,17 +1272,7 @@ Java_sun_nio_fs_WindowsNativeDispatcher_ReadDirectoryChangesW(JNIEnv* env, jclas
 {
     BOOL res;
     BOOL subtree = (watchSubTree == JNI_TRUE) ? TRUE : FALSE;
-
-    /* Any unused members of [OVERLAPPED] structure should always be initialized to zero
-       before the structure is used in a function call.
-       Otherwise, the function may fail and return ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER.
-       http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms684342%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
-
-       The [Offset] and [OffsetHigh] members of this structure are not used.
-       http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365465%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
-
-       [hEvent] should be zero, other fields are the return values. */
-    ZeroMemory((LPOVERLAPPED)jlong_to_ptr(pOverlapped), sizeof(OVERLAPPED));
+    LPOVERLAPPED ov = (LPOVERLAPPED)jlong_to_ptr(pOverlapped);
 
     res = ReadDirectoryChangesW((HANDLE)jlong_to_ptr(hDirectory),
                                 (LPVOID)jlong_to_ptr(bufferAddress),
diff --git a/jdk/src/jdk.attach/linux/classes/sun/tools/attach/AttachProviderImpl.java b/jdk/src/jdk.attach/linux/classes/sun/tools/attach/AttachProviderImpl.java
index adf8b01e6b4..fd89af02511 100644
--- a/jdk/src/jdk.attach/linux/classes/sun/tools/attach/AttachProviderImpl.java
+++ b/jdk/src/jdk.attach/linux/classes/sun/tools/attach/AttachProviderImpl.java
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ package sun.tools.attach;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.VirtualMachine;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.VirtualMachineDescriptor;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.AttachNotSupportedException;
-import com.sun.tools.attach.spi.AttachProvider;
-
 import java.io.IOException;
 
 /*
@@ -37,9 +35,6 @@ import java.io.IOException;
  */
 public class AttachProviderImpl extends HotSpotAttachProvider {
 
-    // perf counter for the JVM version
-    private static final String JVM_VERSION = "java.property.java.vm.version";
-
     public AttachProviderImpl() {
     }
 
diff --git a/jdk/src/jdk.attach/macosx/classes/sun/tools/attach/AttachProviderImpl.java b/jdk/src/jdk.attach/macosx/classes/sun/tools/attach/AttachProviderImpl.java
index 0f129769c0e..d44684f81af 100644
--- a/jdk/src/jdk.attach/macosx/classes/sun/tools/attach/AttachProviderImpl.java
+++ b/jdk/src/jdk.attach/macosx/classes/sun/tools/attach/AttachProviderImpl.java
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ package sun.tools.attach;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.VirtualMachine;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.VirtualMachineDescriptor;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.AttachNotSupportedException;
-import com.sun.tools.attach.spi.AttachProvider;
-
 import java.io.IOException;
 
 /*
@@ -37,9 +35,6 @@ import java.io.IOException;
  */
 public class AttachProviderImpl extends HotSpotAttachProvider {
 
-    // perf counter for the JVM version
-    private static final String JVM_VERSION = "java.property.java.vm.version";
-
     public AttachProviderImpl() {
     }
 
diff --git a/jdk/src/jdk.attach/share/classes/com/sun/tools/attach/VirtualMachine.java b/jdk/src/jdk.attach/share/classes/com/sun/tools/attach/VirtualMachine.java
index e735c2c775f..d5e934a6e2d 100644
--- a/jdk/src/jdk.attach/share/classes/com/sun/tools/attach/VirtualMachine.java
+++ b/jdk/src/jdk.attach/share/classes/com/sun/tools/attach/VirtualMachine.java
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ public abstract class VirtualMachine {
      * @throws  NullPointerException
      *          If agentProperties is null.
      *
-     * @since   1.9
+     * @since   1.8
      */
     public abstract void startManagementAgent(Properties agentProperties) throws IOException;
 
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ public abstract class VirtualMachine {
      *          that cannot be identified as an error to indicate that the
      *          operation failed in the target VM.
      *
-     * @since   1.9
+     * @since   1.8
      */
     public abstract String startLocalManagementAgent() throws IOException;
 
diff --git a/jdk/src/jdk.attach/share/classes/sun/tools/attach/HotSpotAttachProvider.java b/jdk/src/jdk.attach/share/classes/sun/tools/attach/HotSpotAttachProvider.java
index c28dddad9d7..95faea9429e 100644
--- a/jdk/src/jdk.attach/share/classes/sun/tools/attach/HotSpotAttachProvider.java
+++ b/jdk/src/jdk.attach/share/classes/sun/tools/attach/HotSpotAttachProvider.java
@@ -25,34 +25,25 @@
 package sun.tools.attach;
 
 import com.sun.tools.attach.VirtualMachineDescriptor;
-import com.sun.tools.attach.VirtualMachine;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.AttachPermission;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.AttachNotSupportedException;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.spi.AttachProvider;
 
-import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Set;
-import java.net.URISyntaxException;
 
 import sun.jvmstat.monitor.HostIdentifier;
-import sun.jvmstat.monitor.Monitor;
 import sun.jvmstat.monitor.MonitoredHost;
 import sun.jvmstat.monitor.MonitoredVm;
 import sun.jvmstat.monitor.MonitoredVmUtil;
 import sun.jvmstat.monitor.VmIdentifier;
-import sun.jvmstat.monitor.MonitorException;
 
 /*
  * Platform specific provider implementations extend this
  */
 public abstract class HotSpotAttachProvider extends AttachProvider {
 
-    // perf count name for the JVM version
-    private static final String JVM_VERSION = "java.property.java.vm.version";
-
     public HotSpotAttachProvider() {
     }
 
diff --git a/jdk/src/jdk.attach/solaris/classes/sun/tools/attach/AttachProviderImpl.java b/jdk/src/jdk.attach/solaris/classes/sun/tools/attach/AttachProviderImpl.java
index b044bb6965f..df0d8dc248e 100644
--- a/jdk/src/jdk.attach/solaris/classes/sun/tools/attach/AttachProviderImpl.java
+++ b/jdk/src/jdk.attach/solaris/classes/sun/tools/attach/AttachProviderImpl.java
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ package sun.tools.attach;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.VirtualMachine;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.VirtualMachineDescriptor;
 import com.sun.tools.attach.AttachNotSupportedException;
-import com.sun.tools.attach.spi.AttachProvider;
 import java.io.IOException;
 
 /*
diff --git a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/META-INF/cldrdata-services/sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleDataMetaInfo b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/META-INF/cldrdata-services/sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleDataMetaInfo
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..799dfdcc49a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/META-INF/cldrdata-services/sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleDataMetaInfo
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+sun.util.cldr.CLDRLocaleDataMetaInfo
diff --git a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/META-INF/localedata-services/sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleDataMetaInfo b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/META-INF/localedata-services/sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleDataMetaInfo
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ea327d5c468
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/META-INF/localedata-services/sun.util.locale.provider.LocaleDataMetaInfo
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+sun.util.resources.provider.NonEnLocaleDataMetaInfo
diff --git a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/de/TimeZoneNames_de.java b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/de/TimeZoneNames_de.java
index ea7ab573a71..9b4e6503d84 100644
--- a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/de/TimeZoneNames_de.java
+++ b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/de/TimeZoneNames_de.java
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_de extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ACT[] = new String[] {"Acre Normalzeit", "ACT",
                                      "Acre Sommerzeit", "ACST",
                                      "Acre Normalzeit", "ACT"};
-        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"Zentrale Normalzeit (S\u00FCdaustralien)", "CST",
-                                          "Zentrale Sommerzeit (S\u00FCdaustralien)", "CST",
-                                          "Zentrale Zeitzone (S\u00FCdaustralien)", "CT"};
+        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"Zentrale Normalzeit (S\u00FCdaustralien)", "ACST",
+                                          "Zentrale Sommerzeit (S\u00FCdaustralien)", "ACDT",
+                                          "Zentrale Zeitzone (S\u00FCdaustralien)", "ACT"};
         String AGT[] = new String[] {"Argentinische Zeit", "ART",
                                      "Argentinische Sommerzeit", "ARST",
                                      "Argentinische Zeit", "ART"};
@@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_de extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String BDT[] = new String[] {"Bangladesch Zeit", "BDT",
                                      "Bangladesch Sommerzeit", "BDST",
                                      "Bangladesch Zeit", "BDT"};
-        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"\u00D6stliche Normalzeit (Queensland)", "EST",
-                                          "\u00D6stliche Sommerzeit (Queensland)", "EST",
-                                          "\u00D6stliche Zeitzone (Queensland)", "ET"};
-        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"Zentrale Normalzeit (S\u00FCdaustralien/New South Wales)", "CST",
-                                             "Zentrale Sommerzeit (S\u00FCdaustralien/New South Wales)", "CST",
-                                             "Zentrale Zeitzone (S\u00FCdaustralien/New South Wales)", "CT"};
+        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"\u00D6stliche Normalzeit (Queensland)", "AEST",
+                                          "\u00D6stliche Sommerzeit (Queensland)", "AEDT",
+                                          "\u00D6stliche Zeitzone (Queensland)", "AET"};
+        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"Zentrale Normalzeit (S\u00FCdaustralien/New South Wales)", "ACST",
+                                             "Zentrale Sommerzeit (S\u00FCdaustralien/New South Wales)", "ACDT",
+                                             "Zentrale Zeitzone (S\u00FCdaustralien/New South Wales)", "ACT"};
         String BRT[] = new String[] {"Brasilianische Zeit", "BRT",
                                      "Brasilianische Sommerzeit", "BRST",
                                      "Brasilianische Zeit", "BRT"};
@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_de extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String CUBA[] = new String[] {"Kubanische Normalzeit", "CST",
                                       "Kubanische Sommerzeit", "CDT",
                                       "Kubanische Normalzeit", "CT"};
-        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"Zentrale Normalzeit (Northern Territory)", "CST",
-                                        "Zentrale Sommerzeit (Northern Territory)", "CST",
-                                        "Zentrale Zeitzone (Northern Territory)", "CT"};
+        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"Zentrale Normalzeit (Northern Territory)", "ACST",
+                                        "Zentrale Sommerzeit (Northern Territory)", "ACDT",
+                                        "Zentrale Zeitzone (Northern Territory)", "ACT"};
         String DUBLIN[] = new String[] {"Greenwich Zeit", "GMT",
                                         "Irische Sommerzeit", "IST",
                                         "Irische Zeit", "IT"};
@@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_de extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String EST[] = new String[] {"\u00d6stliche Normalzeit", "EST",
                                      "\u00d6stliche Sommerzeit", "EDT",
                                      "\u00D6stliche Zeitzone", "ET"};
-        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"\u00D6stliche Normalzeit (New South Wales)", "EST",
-                                         "\u00D6stliche Sommerzeit (New South Wales)", "EST",
-                                         "\u00D6stliche Zeitzone (New South Wales)", "ET"};
+        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"\u00D6stliche Normalzeit (New South Wales)", "AEST",
+                                         "\u00D6stliche Sommerzeit (New South Wales)", "AEDT",
+                                         "\u00D6stliche Zeitzone (New South Wales)", "AET"};
         String FET[] = new String[] {"Kaliningrader Zeit", "FET",
                                      "Kaliningrader Sommerzeit", "FEST",
                                      "Kaliningrader Zeit", "FET"};
@@ -165,6 +165,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_de extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ICT[] = new String[] {"Indochina Zeit", "ICT",
                                      "Indochina Sommerzeit", "ICST",
                                      "Indochina Zeit", "ICT"};
+        String IRKT[] = new String[] {"Irkutsk Zeit", "IRKT",
+                                      "Irkutsk Sommerzeit", "IRKST",
+                                      "Irkutsk Zeit", "IRKT"};
         String IRT[] = new String[] {"Iranische Normalzeit", "IRST",
                                      "Iranische Sommerzeit", "IRDT",
                                      "Iranische Zeit", "IRT"};
@@ -177,11 +180,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_de extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String JST[] = new String[] {"Japanische Normalzeit", "JST",
                                      "Japanische Sommerzeit", "JDT",
                                      "Zeitzone f\u00FCr Japan", "JT"};
+        String KRAT[] = new String[] {"Krasnojarsker Zeit", "KRAT",
+                                      "Krasnojarsker Sommerzeit", "KRAST",
+                                      "Krasnojarsker Zeit", "KRAT"};
         String KST[] = new String[] {"Koreanische Normalzeit", "KST",
                                      "Koreanische Sommerzeit", "KDT",
                                      "Zeitzone f\u00FCr Korea", "KT"};
         String LORD_HOWE[] = new String[] {"Lord Howe Normalzeit", "LHST",
-                                           "Lord Howe Sommerzeit", "LHST",
+                                           "Lord Howe Sommerzeit", "LHDT",
                                            "Lord-Howe Normalzeit", "LHT"};
         String MHT[] = new String[] {"Marshallinseln Zeit", "MHT",
                                      "Marshallinseln Sommerzeit", "MHST",
@@ -231,20 +237,15 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_de extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String SGT[] = new String[] {"Singapur Zeit", "SGT",
                                      "Singapur Sommerzeit", "SGST",
                                      "Singapur Zeit", "SGT"};
-        String SLST[] = new String[] {"Greenwich Normalzeit", "GMT",
-                                      "Sierra Leone Sommerzeit", "SLST",
-                                      "Sierra Leone Zeit", "SLT"};
-        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"\u00D6stliche Normalzeit (Tasmanien)", "EST",
-                                          "\u00D6stliche Sommerzeit (Tasmanien)", "EST",
-                                          "\u00D6stliche Zeitzone (Tasmanien)", "ET"};
+        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"\u00D6stliche Normalzeit (Tasmanien)", "AEST",
+                                          "\u00D6stliche Sommerzeit (Tasmanien)", "AEDT",
+                                          "\u00D6stliche Zeitzone (Tasmanien)", "AET"};
         String TMT[] = new String[] {"Turkmenische Zeit", "TMT",
                                      "Turkmenische Sommerzeit", "TMST",
                                      "Turkmenische Zeit", "TMT"};
         String ULAT[]= new String[] {"Ulaanbaatar Zeit", "ULAT",
                                      "Ulaanbaatar Sommerzeit", "ULAST",
                                      "Ulaanbaatar Zeit", "ULAT"};
-        String WART[] = new String[] {"Westargentinische Zeit", "WART",
-                                      "Westargentinische Sommerzeit", "WARST"};
         String WAT[] = new String[] {"Westafrikanische Zeit", "WAT",
                                      "Westafrikanische Sommerzeit", "WAST",
                                      "Westafrikanische Zeit", "WAT"};
@@ -254,27 +255,30 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_de extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String WIT[] = new String[] {"Westindonesische Zeit", "WIB",
                                      "Westindonesische Sommerzeit", "WIST",
                                      "Westindonesische Zeit", "WIB"};
-        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"Westliche Normalzeit (Australien)", "WST",
-                                         "Westliche Sommerzeit (Australien)", "WST",
-                                         "Westliche Zeitzone (Australien)", "WT"};
+        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"Westliche Normalzeit (Australien)", "AWST",
+                                         "Westliche Sommerzeit (Australien)", "AWDT",
+                                         "Westliche Zeitzone (Australien)", "AWT"};
         String SAMOA[] = new String[] {"Samoa Normalzeit", "SST",
                                        "Samoa Sommerzeit", "SDT",
                                        "Zeitzone f\u00FCr Samoa", "ST"};
-        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"West Samoa Zeit", "WST",
+        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"West Samoa Zeit", "WSST",
                                            "West Samoa Sommerzeit", "WSDT",
                                            "West Samoa Zeit", "WST"};
         String ChST[] = new String[] {"Chamorro Normalzeit", "ChST",
                       "Chamorro Sommerzeit", "ChDT",
                       "Zeitzone f\u00FCr die Marianen", "ChT"};
-        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"\u00D6stliche Normalzeit (Victoria)", "EST",
-                                          "\u00D6stliche Sommerzeit (Victoria)", "EST",
-                                          "\u00D6stliche Zeitzone (Victoria)", "ET"};
+        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"\u00D6stliche Normalzeit (Victoria)", "AEST",
+                                          "\u00D6stliche Sommerzeit (Victoria)", "AEDT",
+                                          "\u00D6stliche Zeitzone (Victoria)", "AET"};
         String UTC[] = new String[] {"Koordinierte Universalzeit", "UTC",
                                      "Koordinierte Universalzeit", "UTC",
                                      "Koordinierte Universalzeit", "UTC"};
         String UZT[] = new String[] {"Usbekistan Zeit", "UZT",
                                      "Usbekistan Sommerzeit", "UZST",
                                      "Usbekistan Zeit", "UZT"};
+        String XJT[] = new String[] {"Chinesische Normalzeit", "XJT",
+                                     "Chinesische Sommerzeit", "XJDT",
+                                     "Zeitzone f\u00FCr China", "XJT"};
 
         return new Object[][] {
             {"America/Los_Angeles", PST},
@@ -336,7 +340,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_de extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Africa/Djibouti", EAT},
             {"Africa/Douala", WAT},
             {"Africa/El_Aaiun", WET},
-            {"Africa/Freetown", SLST},
+            {"Africa/Freetown", GMT},
             {"Africa/Gaborone", CAT},
             {"Africa/Harare", CAT},
             {"Africa/Johannesburg", SAST},
@@ -437,7 +441,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_de extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                               "Westgr\u00f6nl\u00e4ndische Sommerzeit", "WGST",
                                               "Westgr\u00F6nl\u00E4ndische Zeit", "WGT"}},
             {"America/Goose_Bay", AST},
-            {"America/Grand_Turk", EST},
+            {"America/Grand_Turk", AST},
             {"America/Grenada", AST},
             {"America/Guadeloupe", AST},
             {"America/Guatemala", CST},
@@ -484,9 +488,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_de extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"America/Mendoza", AGT},
             {"America/Menominee", CST},
             {"America/Merida", CST},
-            {"America/Metlakatla", new String[] {"Metlakatla Normalzeit", "MeST",
-                                                 "Metlakatla Sommerzeit", "MeDT",
-                                                 "Metlakatla Normalzeit", "MeT"}},
+            {"America/Metlakatla", PST},
             {"America/Mexico_City", CST},
             {"America/Miquelon", new String[] {"Pierre & Miquelon Normalzeit", "PMST",
                                                "Pierre & Miquelon Sommerzeit", "PMDT",
@@ -607,6 +609,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_de extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "Brunei Sommerzeit", "BNST",
                                           "Brunei Zeit", "BNT"}},
             {"Asia/Calcutta", IST},
+            {"Asia/Chita", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Choibalsan", new String[] {"Choibalsan Zeit", "CHOT",
                                               "Choibalsan Sommerzeit", "CHOST",
                                               "Choibalsan Zeit", "CHOT"}},
@@ -631,9 +634,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_de extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Hovd", new String[] {"Hovd Zeit", "HOVT",
                                         "Hovd Sommerzeit", "HOVST",
                                         "Hovd Zeit", "HOVT"}},
-            {"Asia/Irkutsk", new String[] {"Irkutsk Zeit", "IRKT",
-                                           "Irkutsk Sommerzeit", "IRKST",
-                                           "Irkutsk Zeit", "IRKT"}},
+            {"Asia/Irkutsk", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Asia/Jakarta", WIT},
             {"Asia/Jayapura", new String[] {"Ostindonesische Zeit", "WIT",
@@ -646,16 +647,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_de extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                              "Petropawlowsk-Kamtschatkische Sommerzeit", "PETST",
                                              "Petropawlowsk-Kamtschatkische Zeit", "PETT"}},
             {"Asia/Karachi", PKT},
-            {"Asia/Kashgar", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Kashgar", XJT},
             {"Asia/Kathmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Katmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Khandyga", new String[] {"Chandyga Zeit", "YAKT",
                                             "Chandyga Sommerzeit", "YAKST",
                                             "Chandyga Zeit", "YAKT"}},
             {"Asia/Kolkata", IST},
-            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", new String[] {"Krasnojarsker Zeit", "KRAT",
-                                               "Krasnojarsker Sommerzeit", "KRAST",
-                                               "Krasnojarsker Zeit", "KRAT"}},
+            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Kuala_Lumpur", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuching", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuwait", ARAST},
@@ -670,7 +669,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_de extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "Philippinische Zeit", "PHT"}},
             {"Asia/Muscat", GST},
             {"Asia/Nicosia", EET},
-            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", NOVT},
+            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Novosibirsk", NOVT},
             {"Asia/Oral", new String[] {"Oral Zeit", "ORAT",
                                         "Oral Sommerzeit", "ORAST",
@@ -696,6 +695,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_de extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Samarkand", UZT},
             {"Asia/Seoul", KST},
             {"Asia/Singapore", SGT},
+            {"Asia/Srednekolymsk", new String[] {"Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Daylight Time", "SREDT",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET"}},
             {"Asia/Taipei", CTT},
             {"Asia/Tel_Aviv", ISRAEL},
             {"Asia/Tashkent", UZT},
@@ -708,7 +710,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_de extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Ujung_Pandang", CIT},
             {"Asia/Ulaanbaatar", ULAT},
             {"Asia/Ulan_Bator", ULAT},
-            {"Asia/Urumqi", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Urumqi", XJT},
             {"Asia/Ust-Nera", new String[] {"Ust-Nera Zeit", "VLAT",
                                             "Ust-Nera Sommerzeit", "VLAST",
                                             "Ust-Nera Zeit", "VLAT"}},
@@ -750,9 +752,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_de extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Australia/Canberra", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Currie", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Darwin", DARWIN},
-            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"Zentral-Westliche Normalzeit (Australien)", "CWST",
-                                              "Zentral-Westliche Sommerzeit (Australien)", "CWST",
-                                              "Zentral-Westliche Normalzeit (Australien)", "CWT"}},
+            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"Zentral-Westliche Normalzeit (Australien)", "ACWST",
+                                              "Zentral-Westliche Sommerzeit (Australien)", "ACWDT",
+                                              "Zentral-Westliche Normalzeit (Australien)", "ACWT"}},
             {"Australia/Hobart", TASMANIA},
             {"Australia/LHI", LORD_HOWE},
             {"Australia/Lindeman", BRISBANE},
@@ -818,7 +820,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_de extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Isle_of_Man", GMTBST},
             {"Europe/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Europe/Jersey", GMTBST},
-            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", FET},
+            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", EET},
             {"Europe/Kiev", EET},
             {"Europe/Lisbon", WET},
             {"Europe/Ljubljana", CET},
@@ -853,9 +855,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_de extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Vatican", CET},
             {"Europe/Vienna", CET},
             {"Europe/Vilnius", EET},
-            {"Europe/Volgograd", new String[] {"Wolgograder Zeit", "VOLT",
-                                               "Wolgograder Sommerzeit", "VOLST",
-                                               "Wolgograder Zeit", "VOLT"}},
+            {"Europe/Volgograd", MSK},
             {"Europe/Warsaw", CET},
             {"Europe/Zagreb", CET},
             {"Europe/Zaporozhye", EET},
diff --git a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/es/TimeZoneNames_es.java b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/es/TimeZoneNames_es.java
index c35c80963be..0235158296c 100644
--- a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/es/TimeZoneNames_es.java
+++ b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/es/TimeZoneNames_es.java
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_es extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ACT[] = new String[] {"Hora de Acre", "ACT",
                                      "Hora de verano de Acre", "ACST",
                                      "Hora de Acre", "ACT"};
-        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00E1ndar Central (Sur de Australia)", "CST",
-                                          "Hora de verano Central (Sur de Australia)", "CST",
-                                          "Hora Central (Australia del Sur)", "CT"};
+        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00E1ndar Central (Sur de Australia)", "ACST",
+                                          "Hora de verano Central (Sur de Australia)", "ACDT",
+                                          "Hora Central (Australia del Sur)", "ACT"};
         String AGT[] = new String[] {"Hora de Argentina", "ART",
                                      "Hora de verano de Argentina", "ARST",
                                      "Hora de Argentina", "ART"};
@@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_es extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String BDT[] = new String[] {"Hora de Bangladesh", "BDT",
                                      "Hora de verano de Bangladesh", "BDST",
                                      "Hora de Bangladesh", "BDT"};
-        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00E1ndar del Este (Queensland)", "EST",
-                                          "Hora est\u00E1ndar de verano del Este (Queensland)", "EST",
-                                          "Hora Oriental (Queensland)", "ET"};
-        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00E1ndar Central (Sur de Australia/Nueva Gales del Sur)", "CST",
-                                             "Hora de verano Central (Sur de Australia/Nueva Gales del Sur)", "CST",
-                                             "Hora Central (Australia del Sur/Nueva Gales del Sur)", "CT"};
+        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00E1ndar del Este (Queensland)", "AEST",
+                                          "Hora est\u00E1ndar de verano del Este (Queensland)", "AEDT",
+                                          "Hora Oriental (Queensland)", "AET"};
+        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00E1ndar Central (Sur de Australia/Nueva Gales del Sur)", "ACST",
+                                             "Hora de verano Central (Sur de Australia/Nueva Gales del Sur)", "ACDT",
+                                             "Hora Central (Australia del Sur/Nueva Gales del Sur)", "ACT"};
         String BRT[] = new String[] {"Hora de Brasil", "BRT",
                                      "Hora de verano de Brasil", "BRST",
                                      "Hora de Brasil", "BRT"};
@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_es extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String CUBA[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00e1ndar de Cuba", "CST",
                                       "Hora de verano de Cuba", "CDT",
                                       "Hora de Cuba", "CT"};
-        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00E1ndar Central (territorio del Norte)", "CST",
-                                        "Hora de verano Central (territorio del Norte)", "CST",
-                                        "Hora Central (Territorio Septentrional)", "CT"};
+        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00E1ndar Central (territorio del Norte)", "ACST",
+                                        "Hora de verano Central (territorio del Norte)", "ACDT",
+                                        "Hora Central (Territorio Septentrional)", "ACT"};
         String DUBLIN[] = new String[] {"Hora del Meridiano de Greenwich", "GMT",
                                         "Hora de verano de Irlanda", "IST",
                                         "Hora de Irlanda", "IT"};
@@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_es extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String EST[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00e1ndar Oriental", "EST",
                                      "Hora de verano Oriental", "EDT",
                                      "Hora Oriental", "ET"};
-        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00E1ndar Oriental (Nueva Gales del Sur)", "EST",
-                                         "Hora de verano Oriental (Nueva Gales del Sur)", "EST",
-                                         "Hora Oriental (Nueva Gales del Sur)", "ET"};
+        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00E1ndar Oriental (Nueva Gales del Sur)", "AEST",
+                                         "Hora de verano Oriental (Nueva Gales del Sur)", "AEDT",
+                                         "Hora Oriental (Nueva Gales del Sur)", "AET"};
         String FET[] = new String[] {"Hora de Europa m\u00E1s Oriental", "FET",
                                      "Hora de verano de Europa m\u00E1s Oriental", "FEST",
                                      "Hora de Europa m\u00E1s Oriental", "FET"};
@@ -165,6 +165,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_es extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ICT[] = new String[] {"Hora de Indochina", "ICT",
                                      "Hora de verano de Indochina", "ICST",
                                      "Hora de Indochina", "ICT"};
+        String IRKT[] = new String[] {"Hora de Irkutsk", "IRKT",
+                                      "Hora de verano de Irkutsk", "IRKST",
+                                      "Hora de Irkutsk", "IRKT"};
         String IRT[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00e1ndar de Ir\u00e1n", "IRST",
                                      "Hora de verano de Ir\u00e1n", "IRDT",
                                      "Hora de Ir\u00E1n", "IRT"};
@@ -177,11 +180,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_es extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String JST[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00e1ndar de Jap\u00f3n", "JST",
                                      "Hora de verano de Jap\u00f3n", "JDT",
                                      "Hora de Jap\u00F3n", "JT"};
+        String KRAT[] = new String[] {"Hora de Krasnoyarsk", "KRAT",
+                                      "Hora de verano de Krasnoyarsk", "KRAST",
+                                      "Hora de Krasnoyarsk", "KRAT"};
         String KST[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00e1ndar de Corea", "KST",
                                      "Hora de verano de Corea", "KDT",
                                      "Hora de Corea", "KT"};
         String LORD_HOWE[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00e1ndar de Lord Howe", "LHST",
-                                           "Hora de verano de Lord Howe", "LHST",
+                                           "Hora de verano de Lord Howe", "LHDT",
                                            "Hora de Lord Howe", "LHT"};
         String MHT[] = new String[] {"Hora de las Islas Marshall", "MHT",
                                      "Hora de verano de las Islas Marshall", "MHST",
@@ -231,20 +237,15 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_es extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String SGT[] = new String[] {"Hora de Singapur", "SGT",
                                      "Hora de verano de  Singapur", "SGST",
                                      "Hora de Singapur", "SGT"};
-        String SLST[] = new String[] {"Hora del Meridiano de Greenwich", "GMT",
-                                      "Hora de verano de Sierra Leona", "SLST",
-                                      "Horario de Sierra Leona", "SLT"};
-        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00E1ndar del Este (Tasmania)", "EST",
-                                          "Hora de verano del Este (Tasmania)", "EST",
-                                          "Hora Oriental (Tasmania)", "ET"};
+        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00E1ndar del Este (Tasmania)", "AEST",
+                                          "Hora de verano del Este (Tasmania)", "AEDT",
+                                          "Hora Oriental (Tasmania)", "AET"};
         String TMT[] = new String[] {"Hora de Turkmenist\u00e1n", "TMT",
                                      "Hora de verano de Turkmenist\u00e1n", "TMST",
                                      "Hora de Turkmenist\u00E1n", "TMT"};
         String ULAT[]= new String[] {"Hora de Ulan Bator", "ULAT",
                                      "Hora de verano de Ulan Bator", "ULAST",
                                      "Hora de Ulan Bator", "ULAT"};
-        String WART[] = new String[] {"Hora de Argentina Occidental", "WART",
-                                      "Hora de verano de Argentina Occidental", "WARST"};
         String WAT[] = new String[] {"Hora de \u00c1frica Occidental", "WAT",
                                      "Hora de verano de \u00c1frica Occidental", "WAST",
                                      "Hora de \u00C1frica Occidental", "WAT"};
@@ -254,27 +255,30 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_es extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String WIT[] = new String[] {"Hora de Indonesia Occidental", "WIB",
                                      "Indonesia Hora de verano de Indonesia Occidental", "WIST",
                                      "Hora de Indonesia Occidental", "WIB"};
-        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00E1ndar Occidental (Australia)", "WST",
-                                         "Hora de verano Occidental (Australia)", "WST",
-                                         "Hora Occidental (Australia)", "WT"};
+        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00E1ndar Occidental (Australia)", "AWST",
+                                         "Hora de verano Occidental (Australia)", "AWDT",
+                                         "Hora Occidental (Australia)", "AWT"};
         String SAMOA[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00e1ndar de Samoa", "SST",
                                        "Hora de verano de Samoa", "SDT",
                                        "Hora de Samoa", "ST"};
-        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"Hora de Samoa Occidental", "WST",
+        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"Hora de Samoa Occidental", "WSST",
                                            "Hora de verano de Samoa Occidental", "WSDT",
                                            "Hora de Samoa Occidental", "WST"};
         String ChST[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00e1ndar de Chamorro", "ChST",
                                       "Hora de verano de Chamorro", "ChDT",
                                       "Hora de Chamorro", "ChT"};
-        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00E1ndar del Este (Victoria)", "EST",
-                                          "Hora de verano del Este (Victoria)", "EST",
-                                          "Hora Oriental (Victoria)", "ET"};
+        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00E1ndar del Este (Victoria)", "AEST",
+                                          "Hora de verano del Este (Victoria)", "AEDT",
+                                          "Hora Oriental (Victoria)", "AET"};
         String UTC[] = new String[] {"Hora Universal Coordinada", "UTC",
                                      "Hora Universal Coordinada", "UTC",
                                      "Hora Universal Coordinada", "UTC"};
         String UZT[] = new String[] {"Hora de Uzbekist\u00e1n", "UZT",
                                      "Hora de verano de Uzbekist\u00e1n", "UZST",
                                      "Hora de Uzbekist\u00E1n", "UZT"};
+        String XJT[] = new String[] {"Hora est\u00e1ndar de China", "XJT",
+                                     "Hora de verano de China", "XJDT",
+                                     "Hora de China", "XJT"};
 
         return new Object[][] {
             {"America/Los_Angeles", PST},
@@ -336,7 +340,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_es extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Africa/Djibouti", EAT},
             {"Africa/Douala", WAT},
             {"Africa/El_Aaiun", WET},
-            {"Africa/Freetown", SLST},
+            {"Africa/Freetown", GMT},
             {"Africa/Gaborone", CAT},
             {"Africa/Harare", CAT},
             {"Africa/Johannesburg", SAST},
@@ -437,7 +441,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_es extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                               "Hora de verano de Groenlandia Occidental", "WGST",
                                               "Hora de Groenlandia Occidental", "WGT"}},
             {"America/Goose_Bay", AST},
-            {"America/Grand_Turk", EST},
+            {"America/Grand_Turk", AST},
             {"America/Grenada", AST},
             {"America/Guadeloupe", AST},
             {"America/Guatemala", CST},
@@ -484,9 +488,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_es extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"America/Mendoza", AGT},
             {"America/Menominee", CST},
             {"America/Merida", CST},
-            {"America/Metlakatla", new String[] {"Hora de Metlakatla", "MeST",
-                                                 "Hora de verano de Metlakatla", "MeDT",
-                                                 "Metlakatla Time", "MeT"}},
+            {"America/Metlakatla", PST},
             {"America/Mexico_City", CST},
             {"America/Miquelon", new String[] {"Hora est\u00e1ndar de Pierre & Miquelon", "PMST",
                                                "Hora de verano de Pierre & Miquelon", "PMDT",
@@ -607,6 +609,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_es extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "Hora de verano de Brunei", "BNST",
                                           "Hora de Brunei", "BNT"}},
             {"Asia/Calcutta", IST},
+            {"Asia/Chita", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Choibalsan", new String[] {"Hora de Choibalsan", "CHOT",
                                               "Hora de verano de Choibalsan", "CHOST",
                                               "Hora de Choibalsan", "CHOT"}},
@@ -631,9 +634,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_es extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Hovd", new String[] {"Hora de Hovd", "HOVT",
                                         "Hora de verano de Hovd", "HOVST",
                                         "Hora de Hovd", "HOVT"}},
-            {"Asia/Irkutsk", new String[] {"Hora de Irkutsk", "IRKT",
-                                           "Hora de verano de Irkutsk", "IRKST",
-                                           "Hora de Irkutsk", "IRKT"}},
+            {"Asia/Irkutsk", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Asia/Jakarta", WIT},
             {"Asia/Jayapura", new String[] {"Hora de Indonesia Oriental", "WIT",
@@ -646,16 +647,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_es extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                              "Hora de verano de Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski", "PETST",
                                              "Hora de Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski", "PETT"}},
             {"Asia/Karachi", PKT},
-            {"Asia/Kashgar", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Kashgar", XJT},
             {"Asia/Kathmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Katmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Khandyga", new String[] {"Hora de Khandyga", "YAKT",
                                             "Hora de verano de Khandyga", "YAKST",
                                             "Hora de Khandyga", "YAKT"}},
             {"Asia/Kolkata", IST},
-            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", new String[] {"Hora de Krasnoyarsk", "KRAT",
-                                               "Hora de verano de Krasnoyarsk", "KRAST",
-                                               "Hora de Krasnoyarsk", "KRAT"}},
+            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Kuala_Lumpur", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuching", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuwait", ARAST},
@@ -670,7 +669,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_es extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "Hora de Filipinas", "PHT"}},
             {"Asia/Muscat", GST},
             {"Asia/Nicosia", EET},
-            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", NOVT},
+            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Novosibirsk", NOVT},
             {"Asia/Oral", new String[] {"Hora de Uralsk", "ORAT",
                                         "Hora de verano de Uralsk", "ORAST",
@@ -696,6 +695,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_es extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Samarkand", UZT},
             {"Asia/Seoul", KST},
             {"Asia/Singapore", SGT},
+            {"Asia/Srednekolymsk", new String[] {"Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Daylight Time", "SREDT",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET"}},
             {"Asia/Taipei", CTT},
             {"Asia/Tel_Aviv", ISRAEL},
             {"Asia/Tashkent", UZT},
@@ -708,7 +710,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_es extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Ujung_Pandang", CIT},
             {"Asia/Ulaanbaatar", ULAT},
             {"Asia/Ulan_Bator", ULAT},
-            {"Asia/Urumqi", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Urumqi", XJT},
             {"Asia/Ust-Nera", new String[] {"Hora de Ust-Nera", "VLAT",
                                             "Hora de verano de Ust-Nera", "VLAST",
                                             "Hora de Ust-Nera", "VLAT"}},
@@ -750,9 +752,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_es extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Australia/Canberra", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Currie", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Darwin", DARWIN},
-            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"Hora est\u00E1ndar de Australia Central y Occidental", "CWST",
-                                              "Hora est\u00E1ndar de verano de Australia Central y Occidental", "CWST",
-                                              "Hora de Australia Central y Occidental", "CWT"}},
+            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"Hora est\u00E1ndar de Australia Central y Occidental", "ACWST",
+                                              "Hora est\u00E1ndar de verano de Australia Central y Occidental", "ACWDT",
+                                              "Hora de Australia Central y Occidental", "ACWT"}},
             {"Australia/Hobart", TASMANIA},
             {"Australia/LHI", LORD_HOWE},
             {"Australia/Lindeman", BRISBANE},
@@ -818,7 +820,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_es extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Isle_of_Man", GMTBST},
             {"Europe/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Europe/Jersey", GMTBST},
-            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", FET},
+            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", EET},
             {"Europe/Kiev", EET},
             {"Europe/Lisbon", WET},
             {"Europe/Ljubljana", CET},
@@ -853,9 +855,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_es extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Vatican", CET},
             {"Europe/Vienna", CET},
             {"Europe/Vilnius", EET},
-            {"Europe/Volgograd", new String[] {"Hora de Volgogrado", "VOLT",
-                                               "Hora de verano de Volgogrado", "VOLST",
-                                               "Hora de Volgogrado", "VOLT"}},
+            {"Europe/Volgograd", MSK},
             {"Europe/Warsaw", CET},
             {"Europe/Zagreb", CET},
             {"Europe/Zaporozhye", EET},
diff --git a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/fr/TimeZoneNames_fr.java b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/fr/TimeZoneNames_fr.java
index 393e45d4549..1d8b8561299 100644
--- a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/fr/TimeZoneNames_fr.java
+++ b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/fr/TimeZoneNames_fr.java
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_fr extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ACT[] = new String[] {"Heure de l'Acre", "ACT",
                                      "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 de l'Acre", "ACST",
                                      "Heure de l'Acre", "ACT"};
-        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"Heure standard d'Australie centrale (Australie du sud)", "CST",
-                                          "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 d'Australie centrale (Australie du sud)", "CST",
-                                          "Centre (Australie-M\u00E9ridionale)", "CT"};
+        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"Heure standard d'Australie centrale (Australie du sud)", "ACST",
+                                          "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 d'Australie centrale (Australie du sud)", "ACDT",
+                                          "Centre (Australie-M\u00E9ridionale)", "ACT"};
         String AGT[] = new String[] {"Heure D'Argentine", "ART",
                                      "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 D'Argentine", "ARST",
                                      "Heure d'Argentine", "ART"} ;
@@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_fr extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String BDT[] = new String[] {"Heure du Bangladesh", "BDT",
                                      "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 du Bangladesh", "BDST",
                                      "Heure du Bangladesh", "BDT"} ;
-        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"Heure standard d'Australie orientale (Queensland)", "EST",
-                                          "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 d'Australie orientale (Queensland)", "EST",
-                                          "C\u00F4te Est (Queensland)", "ET"};
-        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"Heure standard d'Australie centrale (Australie du sud/Nouvelle-Galles du sud)", "CST",
-                                             "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 d'Australie centrale (Australie du sud/Nouvelle-Galles du sud)", "CST",
-                                             "Centre (Australie-M\u00E9ridionale/Nouvelle-Galles du Sud)", "CT"};
+        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"Heure standard d'Australie orientale (Queensland)", "AEST",
+                                          "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 d'Australie orientale (Queensland)", "AEDT",
+                                          "C\u00F4te Est (Queensland)", "AET"};
+        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"Heure standard d'Australie centrale (Australie du sud/Nouvelle-Galles du sud)", "ACST",
+                                             "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 d'Australie centrale (Australie du sud/Nouvelle-Galles du sud)", "ACDT",
+                                             "Centre (Australie-M\u00E9ridionale/Nouvelle-Galles du Sud)", "ACT"};
         String BRT[] = new String[] {"Heure du Br\u00e9sil", "BRT",
                                      "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 du Br\u00e9sil", "BRST",
                                      "Heure du Br\u00E9sil", "BRT"} ;
@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_fr extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String CUBA[] = new String[] {"Heure standard de Cuba", "CST",
                                       "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 de Cuba", "CDT",
                                       "Heure de Cuba", "CT"};
-        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"Heure standard d'Australie centrale (Territoire du Nord)", "CST",
-                                        "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 d'Australie centrale (Territoire du Nord)", "CST",
-                                        "Centre (Territoire du Nord)", "CT"};
+        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"Heure standard d'Australie centrale (Territoire du Nord)", "ACST",
+                                        "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 d'Australie centrale (Territoire du Nord)", "ACDT",
+                                        "Centre (Territoire du Nord)", "ACT"};
         String DUBLIN[] = new String[] {"Heure du m\u00e9ridien de Greenwich", "GMT",
                                         "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 irlandaise", "IST",
                                         "Heure irlandaise", "IT"};
@@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_fr extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String EST[] = new String[] {"Heure normale de l'Est", "EST",
                                      "Heure avanc\u00e9e de l'Est", "EDT",
                                      "C\u00F4te Est", "ET"} ;
-        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"Heure normale de l'Est (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud)", "EST",
-                                         "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 de l'Est (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud)", "EST",
-                                         "C\u00F4te Est (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud)", "ET"} ;
+        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"Heure normale de l'Est (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud)", "AEST",
+                                         "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 de l'Est (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud)", "AEDT",
+                                         "C\u00F4te Est (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud)", "AET"} ;
         String FET[] = new String[] {"Heure d'Europe de l'Est UTC+3", "FET",
                                      "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 d'Europe de l'Est UTC+3", "FEST",
                                      "Heure d'Europe de l'Est UTC+3", "FET"};
@@ -165,6 +165,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_fr extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ICT[] = new String[] {"Heure d'Indochine", "ICT",
                                      "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 d'Indochine", "ICST",
                                      "Heure d'Indochine", "ICT"} ;
+        String IRKT[] = new String[] {"Heure d'Irkutsk", "IRKT",
+                                      "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 d'Irkutsk", "IRKST",
+                                      "Heure d'Irkutsk", "IRKT"};
         String IRT[] = new String[] {"Heure normale d'Iran", "IRST",
                                      "Heure avanc\u00e9e d'Iran", "IRDT",
                                      "Heure d'Iran", "IRT"} ;
@@ -177,11 +180,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_fr extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String JST[] = new String[] {"Heure normale du Japon", "JST",
                                      "Heure avanc\u00e9e du Japon", "JDT",
                                      "Japon", "JT"} ;
+        String KRAT[] = new String[] {"Heure de Krasno\u00efarsk", "KRAT",
+                                      "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 de Krasno\u00efarsk", "KRAST",
+                                      "Heure de Krasno\u00EFarsk", "KRAT"};
         String KST[] = new String[] {"Heure normale de Cor\u00e9e", "KST",
                                      "Heure avanc\u00e9e de Cor\u00e9e", "KDT",
                                      "Cor\u00E9e", "KT"} ;
         String LORD_HOWE[] = new String[] {"Heure standard de Lord Howe", "LHST",
-                                           "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 de Lord Howe", "LHST",
+                                           "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 de Lord Howe", "LHDT",
                                            "Heure de Lord Howe", "LHT"};
         String MHT[] = new String[] {"Heure des Iles Marshall", "MHT",
                                      "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 des Iles Marshall", "MHST",
@@ -231,20 +237,15 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_fr extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String SGT[] = new String[] {"Heure de Singapour", "SGT",
                                      "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 de Singapour", "SGST",
                                      "Heure de Singapour", "SGT"};
-        String SLST[] = new String[] {"Heure du m\u00e9ridien de Greenwich", "GMT",
-                                      "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 de Sierra Leone", "SLST",
-                                      "Heure de Sierra Leone", "SLT"};
-        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"Heure standard d'Australie orientale (Tasmanie)", "EST",
-                                          "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 d'Australie orientale (Tasmanie)", "EST",
-                                          "C\u00F4te Est (Tasmanie)", "ET"};
+        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"Heure standard d'Australie orientale (Tasmanie)", "AEST",
+                                          "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 d'Australie orientale (Tasmanie)", "AEDT",
+                                          "C\u00F4te Est (Tasmanie)", "AET"};
         String TMT[] = new String[] {"Heure du Turkm\u00e9nistan", "TMT",
                                      "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 du Turkm\u00e9nistan", "TMST",
                                      "Heure du Turkm\u00E9nistan", "TMT"} ;
         String ULAT[]= new String[] {"Heure de l'Ulaanbaatar", "ULAT",
                                      "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 de l'Ulaanbaatar", "ULAST",
                                      "Heure de l'Ulaanbaatar", "ULAT"} ;
-        String WART[] = new String[] {"Heure D'Argentine de l'Ouest", "WART",
-                                      "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 D'Argentine de l'Ouest", "WARST"} ;
         String WAT[] = new String[] {"Heure d'Afrique de l'Ouest", "WAT",
                                      "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 d'Afrique de l'Ouest", "WAST",
                                      "Heure d'Afrique de l'Ouest", "WAT"} ;
@@ -254,27 +255,30 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_fr extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String WIT[] = new String[] {"Heure de l'Indon\u00e9sie occidentale", "WIB",
                                      "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 de l'Indon\u00e9sie occidentale", "WIST",
                                      "Heure de l'Indon\u00E9sie occidentale", "WIB"};
-        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"Heure normale de l'Ouest (Australie)", "WST",
-                                         "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 de l'Ouest (Australie)", "WST",
-                                         "Ouest (Australie)", "WT"} ;
+        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"Heure normale de l'Ouest (Australie)", "AWST",
+                                         "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 de l'Ouest (Australie)", "AWDT",
+                                         "Ouest (Australie)", "AWT"} ;
         String SAMOA[] = new String[] {"Heure standard de Samoa", "SST",
                                        "Heure avanc\u00e9e de Samoa", "SDT",
                                        "Samoa", "ST"};
-        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"Heure des Samoas occidentales", "WST",
+        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"Heure des Samoas occidentales", "WSST",
                                            "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 des Samoas occidentales", "WSDT",
                                            "Heure des Samoas occidentales", "WST"} ;
         String ChST[] = new String[] {"Heure normale des \u00eeles Mariannes", "ChST",
                       "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 des \u00eeles Mariannes", "ChDT",
                       "Chamorro", "ChT"};
-        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"Heure standard d'Australie orientale (Victoria)", "EST",
-                                          "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 d'Australie orientale (Victoria)", "EST",
-                                          "C\u00F4te Est (Victoria)", "ET"};
+        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"Heure standard d'Australie orientale (Victoria)", "AEST",
+                                          "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 d'Australie orientale (Victoria)", "AEDT",
+                                          "C\u00F4te Est (Victoria)", "AET"};
         String UTC[] = new String[] {"Temps universel coordonn\u00e9", "UTC",
                                      "Temps universel coordonn\u00e9", "UTC",
                                      "Temps universel coordonn\u00E9", "UTC"};
         String UZT[] = new String[] {"Heure de l'Ouzb\u00e9kistan", "UZT",
                                      "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 de l'Ouzb\u00e9kistan", "UZST",
                                      "Heure de l'Ouzb\u00E9kistan", "UZT"};
+        String XJT[] = new String[] {"Heure normale de Chine", "XJT",
+                                     "Heure avanc\u00e9e de Chine", "XJDT",
+                                     "Chine", "XJT"};
 
         return new Object[][] {
             {"America/Los_Angeles", PST},
@@ -336,7 +340,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_fr extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Africa/Djibouti", EAT},
             {"Africa/Douala", WAT},
             {"Africa/El_Aaiun", WET},
-            {"Africa/Freetown", SLST},
+            {"Africa/Freetown", GMT},
             {"Africa/Gaborone", CAT},
             {"Africa/Harare", CAT},
             {"Africa/Johannesburg", SAST},
@@ -437,7 +441,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_fr extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                               "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 du Groenland de l'Ouest", "WGST",
                                               "Heure du Groenland de l'Ouest", "WGT"}},
             {"America/Goose_Bay", AST},
-            {"America/Grand_Turk", EST},
+            {"America/Grand_Turk", AST},
             {"America/Grenada", AST},
             {"America/Guadeloupe", AST},
             {"America/Guatemala", CST},
@@ -484,9 +488,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_fr extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"America/Mendoza", AGT},
             {"America/Menominee", CST},
             {"America/Merida", CST},
-            {"America/Metlakatla", new String[] {"Heure normale de Metlakatla", "MeST",
-                                                 "Heure avanc\u00E9e de Metlakatla", "MeDT",
-                                                 "Heure de Metlakatla", "MeT"}},
+            {"America/Metlakatla", PST},
             {"America/Mexico_City", CST},
             {"America/Miquelon", new String[] {"Heure normale de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon", "PMST",
                                                "Heure avanc\u00e9e de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon", "PMDT",
@@ -607,6 +609,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_fr extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 du Brunei", "BNST",
                                           "Heure du Brunei", "BNT"}},
             {"Asia/Calcutta", IST},
+            {"Asia/Chita", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Choibalsan", new String[] {"Heure de Choibalsan", "CHOT",
                                               "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 de Choibalsan", "CHOST",
                                               "Heure de Choibalsan", "CHOT"}},
@@ -631,9 +634,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_fr extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Hovd", new String[] {"Heure de Hovd", "HOVT",
                                         "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 de Hovd", "HOVST",
                                         "Heure de Hovd", "HOVT"}},
-            {"Asia/Irkutsk", new String[] {"Heure d'Irkutsk", "IRKT",
-                                           "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 d'Irkutsk", "IRKST",
-                                           "Heure d'Irkutsk", "IRKT"}},
+            {"Asia/Irkutsk", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Asia/Jakarta", WIT},
             {"Asia/Jayapura", new String[] {"Heure d'Indon\u00e9sie orientale", "WIT",
@@ -646,16 +647,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_fr extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                              "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 de Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski", "PETST",
                                              "Heure de Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski", "PETT"}},
             {"Asia/Karachi", PKT},
-            {"Asia/Kashgar", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Kashgar", XJT},
             {"Asia/Kathmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Katmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Khandyga", new String[] {"Heure de Khandyga", "YAKT",
                                             "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 de Khandyga", "YAKST",
                                             "Heure de Khandyga", "YAKT"}},
             {"Asia/Kolkata", IST},
-            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", new String[] {"Heure de Krasno\u00efarsk", "KRAT",
-                                               "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 de Krasno\u00efarsk", "KRAST",
-                                               "Heure de Krasno\u00EFarsk", "KRAT"}},
+            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Kuala_Lumpur", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuching", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuwait", ARAST},
@@ -670,7 +669,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_fr extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "Heure des Philippines", "PHT"}},
             {"Asia/Muscat", GST},
             {"Asia/Nicosia", EET},
-            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", NOVT},
+            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Novosibirsk", NOVT},
             {"Asia/Oral", new String[] {"Heure d'Oral", "ORAT",
                                         "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 d'Oral", "ORAST",
@@ -696,6 +695,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_fr extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Samarkand", UZT},
             {"Asia/Seoul", KST},
             {"Asia/Singapore", SGT},
+            {"Asia/Srednekolymsk", new String[] {"Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Daylight Time", "SREDT",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET"}},
             {"Asia/Taipei", CTT},
             {"Asia/Tel_Aviv", ISRAEL},
             {"Asia/Tashkent", UZT},
@@ -708,7 +710,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_fr extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Ujung_Pandang", CIT},
             {"Asia/Ulaanbaatar", ULAT},
             {"Asia/Ulan_Bator", ULAT},
-            {"Asia/Urumqi", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Urumqi", XJT},
             {"Asia/Ust-Nera", new String[] {"Heure d'Ust-Nera", "VLAT",
                                             "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 d'Ust-Nera", "VLAST",
                                             "Heure d'Ust-Nera", "VLAT"}},
@@ -750,9 +752,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_fr extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Australia/Canberra", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Currie", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Darwin", DARWIN},
-            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"Heure standard de l'Australie occidentale (centre)", "CWST",
-                                              "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 de l'Australie occidentale (centre)", "CWST",
-                                              "Heure de l'Australie occidentale (centre)", "CWT"}},
+            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"Heure standard de l'Australie occidentale (centre)", "ACWST",
+                                              "Heure d'\u00E9t\u00E9 de l'Australie occidentale (centre)", "ACWDT",
+                                              "Heure de l'Australie occidentale (centre)", "ACWT"}},
             {"Australia/Hobart", TASMANIA},
             {"Australia/LHI", LORD_HOWE},
             {"Australia/Lindeman", BRISBANE},
@@ -818,7 +820,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_fr extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Isle_of_Man", GMTBST},
             {"Europe/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Europe/Jersey", GMTBST},
-            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", FET},
+            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", EET},
             {"Europe/Kiev", EET},
             {"Europe/Lisbon", WET},
             {"Europe/Ljubljana", CET},
@@ -853,9 +855,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_fr extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Vatican", CET},
             {"Europe/Vienna", CET},
             {"Europe/Vilnius", EET},
-            {"Europe/Volgograd", new String[] {"Heure de Volgograd", "VOLT",
-                                               "Heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 de Volgograd", "VOLST",
-                                               "Heure de Volgograd", "VOLT"}},
+            {"Europe/Volgograd", MSK},
             {"Europe/Warsaw", CET},
             {"Europe/Zagreb", CET},
             {"Europe/Zaporozhye", EET},
diff --git a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/it/TimeZoneNames_it.java b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/it/TimeZoneNames_it.java
index 309a7715c7d..43035b66ea4 100644
--- a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/it/TimeZoneNames_it.java
+++ b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/it/TimeZoneNames_it.java
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_it extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ACT[] = new String[] {"Ora di Acre", "ACT",
                                      "Ora estiva di Acre", "ACST",
                                      "Ora di Acre", "ACT"};
-        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"Ora standard centrale (Australia del Sud)", "CST",
-                                          "Ora estiva centrale (Australia del Sud)", "CST",
-                                          "Ora fuso centrale (Australia del Sud)", "CT"};
+        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"Ora standard centrale (Australia del Sud)", "ACST",
+                                          "Ora estiva centrale (Australia del Sud)", "ACDT",
+                                          "Ora fuso centrale (Australia del Sud)", "ACT"};
         String AGT[] = new String[] {"Ora dell'Argentina", "ART",
                                      "Ora estiva dell'Argentina", "ARST",
                                      "Ora dell'Argentina", "ART"};
@@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_it extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String BDT[] = new String[] {"Ora del Bangladesh", "BDT",
                                      "Ora estiva del Bangladesh", "BDST",
                                      "Ora del Bangladesh", "BDT"};
-        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"Ora standard orientale (Queensland)", "EST",
-                                          "Ora estiva orientale (Queensland)", "EST",
-                                          "Ora fuso orientale (Queensland)", "ET"};
-        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"Ora standard centrale (Australia del Sud/Nuovo Galles del Sud)", "CST",
-                                             "Ora estiva centrale (Australia del Sud/Nuovo Galles del Sud)", "CST",
-                                             "Ora fuso centrale (Australia del Sud/Nuovo Galles del Sud)", "CT"};
+        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"Ora standard orientale (Queensland)", "AEST",
+                                          "Ora estiva orientale (Queensland)", "AEDT",
+                                          "Ora fuso orientale (Queensland)", "AET"};
+        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"Ora standard centrale (Australia del Sud/Nuovo Galles del Sud)", "ACST",
+                                             "Ora estiva centrale (Australia del Sud/Nuovo Galles del Sud)", "ACDT",
+                                             "Ora fuso centrale (Australia del Sud/Nuovo Galles del Sud)", "ACT"};
         String BRT[] = new String[] {"Ora del Brasile", "BRT",
                                      "Ora estiva del Brasile", "BRST",
                                      "Ora di Brasilia", "BRT"};
@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_it extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String CUBA[] = new String[] {"Ora solare Cuba", "CST",
                                       "Ora legale Cuba", "CDT",
                                       "Ora di Cuba", "CT"};
-        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"Ora standard centrale (Territori del Nord)", "CST",
-                                        "Ora estiva centrale (Territori del Nord)", "CST",
-                                        "Ora fuso centrale (Territori del Nord)", "CT"};
+        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"Ora standard centrale (Territori del Nord)", "ACST",
+                                        "Ora estiva centrale (Territori del Nord)", "ACDT",
+                                        "Ora fuso centrale (Territori del Nord)", "ACT"};
         String DUBLIN[] = new String[] {"Ora media di Greenwich", "GMT",
                                         "Ora estiva irlandese", "IST",
                                         "Ora irlandese", "IT"};
@@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_it extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String EST[] = new String[] {"Ora solare USA orientale", "EST",
                                      "Ora legale USA orientale", "EDT",
                                      "Fuso orientale", "ET"};
-        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"Ora standard dell'Australia orientale (Nuovo Galles del Sud)", "EST",
-                                         "Ora estiva dell'Australia orientale (Nuovo Galles del Sud)", "EST",
-                                         "Ora fuso orientale (Nuovo Galles del Sud)", "ET"};
+        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"Ora standard dell'Australia orientale (Nuovo Galles del Sud)", "AEST",
+                                         "Ora estiva dell'Australia orientale (Nuovo Galles del Sud)", "AEDT",
+                                         "Ora fuso orientale (Nuovo Galles del Sud)", "AET"};
         String FET[] = new String[] {"Ora dei paesi europei pi\u00F9 orientali", "FET",
                                      "Ora estiva dei paesi europei pi\u00F9 orientali", "FEST",
                                      "Ora dei paesi europei pi\u00F9 orientali", "FET"};
@@ -165,6 +165,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_it extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ICT[] = new String[] {"Ora dell'Indocina", "ICT",
                                      "Ora estiva dell'Indocina", "ICST",
                                      "Ora dell'Indocina", "ICT"};
+        String IRKT[] = new String[] {"Ora di Irkutsk", "IRKT",
+                                      "Ora estiva di Irkutsk", "IRKST",
+                                      "Ora di Irkutsk", "IRKT"};
         String IRT[] = new String[] {"Ora solare Iran", "IRST",
                                      "Ora legale Iran", "IRDT",
                                      "Ora Iran", "IRT"};
@@ -177,11 +180,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_it extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String JST[] = new String[] {"Ora solare del Giappone", "JST",
                                      "Ora legale del Giappone", "JDT",
                                      "Ora Giappone", "JT"};
+        String KRAT[] = new String[] {"Ora di Krasnojarsk", "KRAT",
+                                      "Ora estiva di Krasnojarsk", "KRAST",
+                                      "Ora di Krasnojarsk", "KRAT"};
         String KST[] = new String[] {"Ora solare della Corea", "KST",
                                      "Ora legale della Corea", "KDT",
                                      "Ora Corea", "KT"};
         String LORD_HOWE[] = new String[] {"Ora standard di Lord Howe", "LHST",
-                                           "Ora estiva di Lord Howe", "LHST",
+                                           "Ora estiva di Lord Howe", "LHDT",
                                            "Ora di Lord Howe", "LHT"};
         String MHT[] = new String[] {"Ora delle Isole Marshall", "MHT",
                                      "Ora estiva delle Isole Marshall", "MHST",
@@ -231,20 +237,15 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_it extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String SGT[] = new String[] {"Ora di Singapore", "SGT",
                                      "Ora estiva di Singapore", "SGST",
                                      "Ora di Singapore", "SGT"};
-        String SLST[] = new String[] {"Ora media di Greenwich", "GMT",
-                                      "Ora legale della Sierra Leone", "SLST",
-                                      "Ora della Sierra Leone", "SLT"};
-        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"Ora standard orientale (Tasmania)", "EST",
-                                          "Ora estiva orientale (Tasmania)", "EST",
-                                          "Ora fuso orientale (Tasmania)", "ET"};
+        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"Ora standard orientale (Tasmania)", "AEST",
+                                          "Ora estiva orientale (Tasmania)", "AEDT",
+                                          "Ora fuso orientale (Tasmania)", "AET"};
         String TMT[] = new String[] {"Ora del Turkmenistan", "TMT",
                                      "Ora estiva del Turkmenistan", "TMST",
                                      "Ora del Turkmenistan", "TMT"};
         String ULAT[]= new String[] {"Ora di Ulaanbaatar", "ULAT",
                                      "Ora estiva di Ulaanbaatar", "ULAST",
                                      "Ora di Ulaanbaatar", "ULAT"};
-        String WART[] = new String[] {"Ora dell'Argentina occidentale", "WART",
-                                      "Ora estiva dell'Argentina occidentale", "WARST"};
         String WAT[] = new String[] {"Ora dell'Africa occidentale", "WAT",
                                      "Ora estiva dell'Africa occidentale", "WAST",
                                      "Ora dell'Africa occidentale", "WAT"};
@@ -254,27 +255,30 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_it extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String WIT[] = new String[] {"Ora dell'Indonesia occidentale", "WIB",
                                      "Ora estiva dell'Indonesia occidentale", "WIST",
                                      "Ora dell'Indonesia occidentale", "WIB"};
-        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"Ora standard dell'Australia occidentale", "WST",
-                                         "Ora estiva dell'Australia occidentale", "WST",
-                                         "Ora Australia occidentale", "WT"};
+        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"Ora standard dell'Australia occidentale", "AWST",
+                                         "Ora estiva dell'Australia occidentale", "AWDT",
+                                         "Ora Australia occidentale", "AWT"};
         String SAMOA[] = new String[] {"Ora standard di Samoa", "SST",
                                        "Ora legale di Samoa", "SDT",
                                        "Ora Samoa", "ST"};
-        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"Ora di Samoa", "WST",
+        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"Ora di Samoa", "WSST",
                                            "Ora estiva di Samoa", "WSDT",
                                            "Ora di Samoa occidentale", "WST"};
         String ChST[] = new String[] {"Ora standard di Chamorro", "ChST",
                               "Ora legale di Chamorro", "ChDT",
                               "Ora Chamorro", "ChT"};
-        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"Ora standard orientale (Victoria)", "EST",
-                                          "Ora estiva orientale (Victoria)", "EST",
-                                          "Ora fuso orientale (Victoria)", "ET"};
+        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"Ora standard orientale (Victoria)", "AEST",
+                                          "Ora estiva orientale (Victoria)", "AEDT",
+                                          "Ora fuso orientale (Victoria)", "AET"};
         String UTC[] = new String[] {"Tempo universale coordinato", "UTC",
                                      "Tempo universale coordinato", "UTC",
                                      "Tempo universale coordinato", "UTC"};
         String UZT[] = new String[] {"Ora dell'Uzbekistan", "UZT",
                                      "Ora estiva dell'Uzbekistan", "UZST",
                                      "Ora dell'Uzbekistan", "UZT"};
+        String XJT[] = new String[] {"Ora solare della Cina", "XJT",
+                                     "Ora legale della Cina", "XJDT",
+                                     "Ora Cina", "XJT"};
 
         return new Object[][] {
             {"America/Los_Angeles", PST},
@@ -336,7 +340,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_it extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Africa/Djibouti", EAT},
             {"Africa/Douala", WAT},
             {"Africa/El_Aaiun", WET},
-            {"Africa/Freetown", SLST},
+            {"Africa/Freetown", GMT},
             {"Africa/Gaborone", CAT},
             {"Africa/Harare", CAT},
             {"Africa/Johannesburg", SAST},
@@ -437,7 +441,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_it extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                               "Ora estiva della Groenlandia occidentale", "WGST",
                                               "Ora della Groenlandia occidentale", "WGT"}},
             {"America/Goose_Bay", AST},
-            {"America/Grand_Turk", EST},
+            {"America/Grand_Turk", AST},
             {"America/Grenada", AST},
             {"America/Guadeloupe", AST},
             {"America/Guatemala", CST},
@@ -484,9 +488,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_it extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"America/Mendoza", AGT},
             {"America/Menominee", CST},
             {"America/Merida", CST},
-            {"America/Metlakatla", new String[] {"Ora standard di Metlakatla", "MeST",
-                                                 "Ora legale di Metlakatla", "MeDT",
-                                                 "Ora di Metlakatla", "MeT"}},
+            {"America/Metlakatla", PST},
             {"America/Mexico_City", CST},
             {"America/Miquelon", new String[] {"Ora solare di Saint-Pierre e Miquelon", "PMST",
                                                "Ora legale di Saint-Pierre e Miquelon", "PMDT",
@@ -607,6 +609,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_it extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "Ora estiva del Brunei", "BNST",
                                           "Ora del Brunei", "BNT"}},
             {"Asia/Calcutta", IST},
+            {"Asia/Chita", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Choibalsan", new String[] {"Ora di Choibalsan", "CHOT",
                                               "Ora estiva di Choibalsan", "CHOST",
                                               "Ora di Choibalsan", "CHOT"}},
@@ -631,9 +634,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_it extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Hovd", new String[] {"Ora di Hovd", "HOVT",
                                         "Ora estiva di Hovd", "HOVST",
                                         "Ora di Hovd", "HOVT"}},
-            {"Asia/Irkutsk", new String[] {"Ora di Irkutsk", "IRKT",
-                                           "Ora estiva di Irkutsk", "IRKST",
-                                           "Ora di Irkutsk", "IRKT"}},
+            {"Asia/Irkutsk", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Asia/Jakarta", WIT},
             {"Asia/Jayapura", new String[] {"Ora dell'Indonesia orientale", "WIT",
@@ -646,16 +647,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_it extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                              "Ora estiva di Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski", "PETST",
                                              "Ora di Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski", "PETT"}},
             {"Asia/Karachi", PKT},
-            {"Asia/Kashgar", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Kashgar", XJT},
             {"Asia/Kathmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Katmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Kolkata", IST},
             {"Asia/Khandyga", new String[] {"Ora di Khandyga", "YAKT",
                                             "Ora estiva di Khandyga", "YAKST",
                                             "Ora di Khandyga", "YAKT"}},
-            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", new String[] {"Ora di Krasnojarsk", "KRAT",
-                                               "Ora estiva di Krasnojarsk", "KRAST",
-                                               "Ora di Krasnojarsk", "KRAT"}},
+            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Kuala_Lumpur", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuching", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuwait", ARAST},
@@ -670,7 +669,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_it extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "Ora delle Filippine", "PHT"}},
             {"Asia/Muscat", GST},
             {"Asia/Nicosia", EET},
-            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", NOVT},
+            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Novosibirsk", NOVT},
             {"Asia/Oral", new String[] {"Ora di Oral", "ORAT",
                                         "Ora estiva di Oral", "ORAST",
@@ -696,6 +695,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_it extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Samarkand", UZT},
             {"Asia/Seoul", KST},
             {"Asia/Singapore", SGT},
+            {"Asia/Srednekolymsk", new String[] {"Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Daylight Time", "SREDT",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET"}},
             {"Asia/Taipei", CTT},
             {"Asia/Tel_Aviv", ISRAEL},
             {"Asia/Tashkent", UZT},
@@ -708,7 +710,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_it extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Ujung_Pandang", CIT},
             {"Asia/Ulaanbaatar", ULAT},
             {"Asia/Ulan_Bator", ULAT},
-            {"Asia/Urumqi", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Urumqi", XJT},
             {"Asia/Ust-Nera", new String[] {"Ora di Ust-Nera", "VLAT",
                                             "Ora estiva di Ust-Nera", "VLAST",
                                             "Ora di Ust-Nera", "VLAT"}},
@@ -750,9 +752,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_it extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Australia/Canberra", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Currie", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Darwin", DARWIN},
-            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"Ora standard Australia centro-occidentale", "CWST",
-                                              "Ora estiva Australia centro-occidentale", "CWST",
-                                              "Ora Australia centro-occidentale", "CWT"}},
+            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"Ora standard Australia centro-occidentale", "ACWST",
+                                              "Ora estiva Australia centro-occidentale", "ACWDT",
+                                              "Ora Australia centro-occidentale", "ACWT"}},
             {"Australia/Hobart", TASMANIA},
             {"Australia/LHI", LORD_HOWE},
             {"Australia/Lindeman", BRISBANE},
@@ -818,7 +820,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_it extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Isle_of_Man", GMTBST},
             {"Europe/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Europe/Jersey", GMTBST},
-            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", FET},
+            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", EET},
             {"Europe/Kiev", EET},
             {"Europe/Lisbon", WET},
             {"Europe/Ljubljana", CET},
@@ -853,9 +855,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_it extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Vatican", CET},
             {"Europe/Vienna", CET},
             {"Europe/Vilnius", EET},
-            {"Europe/Volgograd", new String[] {"Ora di Volgograd", "VOLT",
-                                               "Ora estiva di Volgograd", "VOLST",
-                                               "Ora di Volgograd", "VOLT"}},
+            {"Europe/Volgograd", MSK},
             {"Europe/Warsaw", CET},
             {"Europe/Zagreb", CET},
             {"Europe/Zaporozhye", EET},
diff --git a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/ja/TimeZoneNames_ja.java b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/ja/TimeZoneNames_ja.java
index 23bbcd6c8e0..68bd6c30871 100644
--- a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/ja/TimeZoneNames_ja.java
+++ b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/ja/TimeZoneNames_ja.java
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ja extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ACT[] = new String[] {"\u30a2\u30af\u30ec\u6642\u9593", "ACT",
                                      "\u30a2\u30af\u30ec\u590f\u6642\u9593", "ACST",
                                      "\u30a2\u30af\u30ec\u6642\u9593", "ACT"};
-        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"\u4E2D\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u5357\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2)", "CST",
-                                          "\u4E2D\u90E8\u590F\u6642\u9593(\u5357\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2)", "CST",
-                                          "\u4E2D\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u5357\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2)", "CT"};
+        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"\u4E2D\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u5357\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2)", "ACST",
+                                          "\u4E2D\u90E8\u590F\u6642\u9593(\u5357\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2)", "ACDT",
+                                          "\u4E2D\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u5357\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2)", "ACT"};
         String AGT[] = new String[] {"\u30a2\u30eb\u30bc\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u6642\u9593", "ART",
                                      "\u30a2\u30eb\u30bc\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u590f\u6642\u9593", "ARST",
                                      "\u30A2\u30EB\u30BC\u30F3\u30C1\u30F3\u6642\u9593", "ART"};
@@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ja extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String BDT[] = new String[] {"\u30d0\u30f3\u30b0\u30e9\u30c7\u30b7\u30e5\u6642\u9593", "BDT",
                                      "\u30d0\u30f3\u30b0\u30e9\u30c7\u30b7\u30e5\u590f\u6642\u9593", "BDST",
                                      "\u30D0\u30F3\u30B0\u30E9\u30C7\u30B7\u30E5\u6642\u9593", "BDT"};
-        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30AF\u30A4\u30FC\u30F3\u30BA\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9)", "EST",
-                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u590F\u6642\u9593(\u30AF\u30A4\u30FC\u30F3\u30BA\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9)", "EST",
-                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30AF\u30A4\u30FC\u30F3\u30BA\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9)", "ET"};
-        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"\u4E2D\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u5357\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2/\u30CB\u30E5\u30FC\u30B5\u30A6\u30B9\u30A6\u30A7\u30FC\u30EB\u30BA)", "CST",
-                                             "\u4E2D\u90E8\u590F\u6642\u9593(\u5357\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2/\u30CB\u30E5\u30FC\u30B5\u30A6\u30B9\u30A6\u30A7\u30FC\u30EB\u30BA)", "CST",
-                                             "\u4E2D\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u5357\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2/\u30CB\u30E5\u30FC\u30B5\u30A6\u30B9\u30A6\u30A7\u30FC\u30EB\u30BA)", "CT"};
+        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30AF\u30A4\u30FC\u30F3\u30BA\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9)", "AEST",
+                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u590F\u6642\u9593(\u30AF\u30A4\u30FC\u30F3\u30BA\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9)", "AEDT",
+                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30AF\u30A4\u30FC\u30F3\u30BA\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9)", "AET"};
+        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"\u4E2D\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u5357\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2/\u30CB\u30E5\u30FC\u30B5\u30A6\u30B9\u30A6\u30A7\u30FC\u30EB\u30BA)", "ACST",
+                                             "\u4E2D\u90E8\u590F\u6642\u9593(\u5357\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2/\u30CB\u30E5\u30FC\u30B5\u30A6\u30B9\u30A6\u30A7\u30FC\u30EB\u30BA)", "ACDT",
+                                             "\u4E2D\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u5357\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2/\u30CB\u30E5\u30FC\u30B5\u30A6\u30B9\u30A6\u30A7\u30FC\u30EB\u30BA)", "ACT"};
         String BRT[] = new String[] {"\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u6642\u9593", "BRT",
                                      "\u30d6\u30e9\u30b8\u30eb\u590f\u6642\u9593", "BRST",
                                      "\u30D6\u30E9\u30B8\u30EA\u30A2\u6642\u9593", "BRT"};
@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ja extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String CUBA[] = new String[] {"\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30d0\u6a19\u6e96\u6642", "CST",
                                       "\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30d0\u590f\u6642\u9593", "CDT",
                                       "\u30AD\u30E5\u30FC\u30D0\u6642\u9593", "CT"};
-        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"\u4E2D\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30CE\u30FC\u30B6\u30F3\u30C6\u30EA\u30C8\u30EA\u30FC)", "CST",
-                                        "\u4E2D\u90E8\u590F\u6642\u9593(\u30CE\u30FC\u30B6\u30F3\u30C6\u30EA\u30C8\u30EA\u30FC)", "CST",
-                                        "\u4E2D\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30CE\u30FC\u30B6\u30F3\u30C6\u30EA\u30C8\u30EA\u30FC)", "CT"};
+        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"\u4E2D\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30CE\u30FC\u30B6\u30F3\u30C6\u30EA\u30C8\u30EA\u30FC)", "ACST",
+                                        "\u4E2D\u90E8\u590F\u6642\u9593(\u30CE\u30FC\u30B6\u30F3\u30C6\u30EA\u30C8\u30EA\u30FC)", "ACDT",
+                                        "\u4E2D\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30CE\u30FC\u30B6\u30F3\u30C6\u30EA\u30C8\u30EA\u30FC)", "ACT"};
         String DUBLIN[] = new String[] {"\u30b0\u30ea\u30cb\u30c3\u30b8\u6a19\u6e96\u6642", "GMT",
                                         "\u30a2\u30a4\u30eb\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u590f\u6642\u9593", "IST",
                                         "\u30A2\u30A4\u30EB\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u6642\u9593", "IT"};
@@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ja extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String EST[] = new String[] {"\u6771\u90e8\u6a19\u6e96\u6642", "EST",
                                      "\u6771\u90e8\u590f\u6642\u9593", "EDT",
                                      "\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642", "ET"};
-        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30CB\u30E5\u30FC\u30B5\u30A6\u30B9\u30A6\u30A7\u30FC\u30EB\u30BA)", "EST",
-                                         "\u6771\u90E8\u590F\u6642\u9593(\u30CB\u30E5\u30FC\u30B5\u30A6\u30B9\u30A6\u30A7\u30FC\u30EB\u30BA)", "EST",
-                                         "\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30CB\u30E5\u30FC\u30B5\u30A6\u30B9\u30A6\u30A7\u30FC\u30EB\u30BA)", "ET"};
+        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30CB\u30E5\u30FC\u30B5\u30A6\u30B9\u30A6\u30A7\u30FC\u30EB\u30BA)", "AEST",
+                                         "\u6771\u90E8\u590F\u6642\u9593(\u30CB\u30E5\u30FC\u30B5\u30A6\u30B9\u30A6\u30A7\u30FC\u30EB\u30BA)", "AEDT",
+                                         "\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30CB\u30E5\u30FC\u30B5\u30A6\u30B9\u30A6\u30A7\u30FC\u30EB\u30BA)", "AET"};
         String FET[] = new String[] {"\u6975\u6771\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u6642\u9593", "FET",
                                      "\u6975\u6771\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u590F\u6642\u9593", "FEST",
                                      "\u6975\u6771\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u6642\u9593", "FET"};
@@ -165,6 +165,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ja extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ICT[] = new String[] {"\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u30b7\u30ca\u6642\u9593", "ICT",
                                      "\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u30b7\u30ca\u590f\u6642\u9593", "ICST",
                                      "\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u30B7\u30CA\u6642\u9593", "ICT"};
+        String IRKT[] = new String[] {"\u30a4\u30eb\u30af\u30fc\u30c4\u30af\u6642\u9593", "IRKT",
+                                      "\u30a4\u30eb\u30af\u30fc\u30c4\u30af\u590f\u6642\u9593", "IRKST",
+                                      "\u30A4\u30EB\u30AF\u30FC\u30C4\u30AF\u6642\u9593", "IRKT"};
         String IRT[] = new String[] {"\u30a4\u30e9\u30f3\u6a19\u6e96\u6642", "IRST",
                                      "\u30a4\u30e9\u30f3\u590f\u6642\u9593", "IRDT",
                                      "\u30A4\u30E9\u30F3\u6642\u9593", "IRT"};
@@ -177,11 +180,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ja extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String JST[] = new String[] {"\u65e5\u672c\u6a19\u6e96\u6642", "JST",
                                      "\u65e5\u672c\u590f\u6642\u9593", "JDT",
                                      "\u65E5\u672C\u6642\u9593", "JT"};
+        String KRAT[] = new String[] {"\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30ce\u30e4\u30eb\u30b9\u30af\u6642\u9593", "KRAT",
+                                      "\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30ce\u30e4\u30eb\u30b9\u30af\u590f\u6642\u9593", "KRAST",
+                                      "\u30AF\u30E9\u30B9\u30CE\u30E4\u30EB\u30B9\u30AF\u6642\u9593", "KRAT"};
         String KST[] = new String[] {"\u97d3\u56fd\u6a19\u6e96\u6642", "KST",
                                      "\u97d3\u56fd\u590f\u6642\u9593", "KDT",
                                      "\u97D3\u56FD\u6642\u9593", "KT"};
         String LORD_HOWE[] = new String[] {"\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u30cf\u30a6\u5cf6\u6a19\u6e96\u6642", "LHST",
-                                           "\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u30cf\u30a6\u5cf6\u590f\u6642\u9593", "LHST",
+                                           "\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u30cf\u30a6\u5cf6\u590f\u6642\u9593", "LHDT",
                                            "\u30ED\u30FC\u30C9\u30CF\u30A6\u6642\u9593", "LHT"};
         String MHT[] = new String[] {"\u30de\u30fc\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u5cf6\u6642\u9593", "MHT",
                                      "\u30de\u30fc\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u5cf6\u590f\u6642\u9593", "MHST",
@@ -231,20 +237,15 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ja extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String SGT[] = new String[] {"\u30b7\u30f3\u30ac\u30dd\u30fc\u30eb\u6642\u9593", "SGT",
                                      "\u30b7\u30f3\u30ac\u30dd\u30fc\u30eb\u590f\u6642\u9593", "SGST",
                                      "\u30B7\u30F3\u30AC\u30DD\u30FC\u30EB\u6642\u9593", "SGT"};
-        String SLST[] = new String[] {"\u30b0\u30ea\u30cb\u30c3\u30b8\u6a19\u6e96\u6642", "GMT",
-                                      "\u30b7\u30a8\u30e9\u30ec\u30aa\u30cd\u590f\u6642\u9593", "SLST",
-                                      "\u30B7\u30A8\u30E9\u30EC\u30AA\u30CD\u6642\u9593", "SLT"};
-        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30BF\u30B9\u30DE\u30CB\u30A2)", "EST",
-                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u590F\u6642\u9593(\u30BF\u30B9\u30DE\u30CB\u30A2)", "EST",
-                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30BF\u30B9\u30DE\u30CB\u30A2)", "ET"};
+        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30BF\u30B9\u30DE\u30CB\u30A2)", "AEST",
+                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u590F\u6642\u9593(\u30BF\u30B9\u30DE\u30CB\u30A2)", "AEDT",
+                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30BF\u30B9\u30DE\u30CB\u30A2)", "AET"};
         String TMT[] = new String[] {"\u30c8\u30eb\u30af\u30e1\u30cb\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u6642\u9593", "TMT",
                                      "\u30c8\u30eb\u30af\u30e1\u30cb\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u590f\u6642\u9593", "TMST",
                                      "\u30C8\u30EB\u30AF\u30E1\u30CB\u30B9\u30BF\u30F3\u6642\u9593", "TMT"};
         String ULAT[]= new String[] {"\u30a6\u30e9\u30fc\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u6642\u9593", "ULAT",
                                      "\u30a6\u30e9\u30fc\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u30c8\u30eb\u590f\u6642\u9593", "ULAST",
                                      "\u30A6\u30E9\u30F3\u30D0\u30FC\u30C8\u30EB\u6642\u9593", "ULAT"};
-        String WART[] = new String[] {"\u897f\u30a2\u30eb\u30bc\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u6642\u9593", "WART",
-                                      "\u897f\u30a2\u30eb\u30bc\u30f3\u30c1\u30f3\u590f\u6642\u9593", "WARST"};
         String WAT[] = new String[] {"\u897f\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u6642\u9593", "WAT",
                                      "\u897f\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u590f\u6642\u9593", "WAST",
                                      "\u897F\u90E8\u30A2\u30D5\u30EA\u30AB\u6642\u9593", "WAT"};
@@ -254,27 +255,30 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ja extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String WIT[] = new String[] {"\u897f\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u30cd\u30b7\u30a2\u6642\u9593", "WIB",
                                      "\u897f\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u30cd\u30b7\u30a2\u590f\u6642\u9593", "WIST",
                                      "\u897F\u90E8\u30A4\u30F3\u30C9\u30CD\u30B7\u30A2\u6642\u9593", "WIB"};
-        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"\u897F\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2)", "WST",
-                                         "\u897F\u90E8\u590F\u6642\u9593(\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2)", "WST",
-                                         "\u897F\u90E8\u6642\u9593(\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2)", "WT"};
+        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"\u897F\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2)", "AWST",
+                                         "\u897F\u90E8\u590F\u6642\u9593(\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2)", "AWDT",
+                                         "\u897F\u90E8\u6642\u9593(\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2)", "AWT"};
         String SAMOA[] = new String[] {"\u30b5\u30e2\u30a2\u6a19\u6e96\u6642", "SST",
                                        "\u30b5\u30e2\u30a2\u590f\u6642\u9593", "SDT",
                                        "\u30B5\u30E2\u30A2\u6642\u9593", "ST"};
-        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"\u897f\u30b5\u30e2\u30a2\u6642\u9593", "WST",
+        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"\u897f\u30b5\u30e2\u30a2\u6642\u9593", "WSST",
                                            "\u897f\u30b5\u30e2\u30a2\u590f\u6642\u9593", "WSDT",
                                            "\u897F\u30B5\u30E2\u30A2\u6642\u9593", "WST"};
         String ChST[] = new String[] {"\u30b0\u30a2\u30e0\u6a19\u6e96\u6642", "ChST",
                                       "\u30b0\u30a2\u30e0\u590f\u6642\u9593", "ChDT",
                                       "\u30C1\u30E3\u30E2\u30ED\u6642\u9593", "ChT"};
-        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30D3\u30AF\u30C8\u30EA\u30A2)", "EST",
-                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u590F\u6642\u9593(\u30D3\u30AF\u30C8\u30EA\u30A2)", "EST",
-                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30D3\u30AF\u30C8\u30EA\u30A2)", "ET"};
+        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30D3\u30AF\u30C8\u30EA\u30A2)", "AEST",
+                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u590F\u6642\u9593(\u30D3\u30AF\u30C8\u30EA\u30A2)", "AEDT",
+                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30D3\u30AF\u30C8\u30EA\u30A2)", "AET"};
         String UTC[] = new String[] {"\u5354\u5b9a\u4e16\u754c\u6642", "UTC",
                                      "\u5354\u5b9a\u4e16\u754c\u6642", "UTC",
                                      "\u5354\u5B9A\u4E16\u754C\u6642", "UTC"};
         String UZT[] = new String[] {"\u30a6\u30ba\u30d9\u30ad\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u6642\u9593", "UZT",
                                      "\u30a6\u30ba\u30d9\u30ad\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u590f\u6642\u9593", "UZST",
                                      "\u30A6\u30BA\u30D9\u30AD\u30B9\u30BF\u30F3\u6642\u9593", "UZT"};
+        String XJT[] = new String[] {"\u4e2d\u56fd\u6a19\u6e96\u6642", "XJT",
+                                     "\u4e2d\u56fd\u590f\u6642\u9593", "XJDT",
+                                     "\u4E2D\u56FD\u6642\u9593", "XJT"};
 
         return new Object[][] {
             {"America/Los_Angeles", PST},
@@ -336,7 +340,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ja extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Africa/Djibouti", EAT},
             {"Africa/Douala", WAT},
             {"Africa/El_Aaiun", WET},
-            {"Africa/Freetown", SLST},
+            {"Africa/Freetown", GMT},
             {"Africa/Gaborone", CAT},
             {"Africa/Harare", CAT},
             {"Africa/Johannesburg", SAST},
@@ -437,7 +441,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ja extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                               "\u897f\u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u590f\u6642\u9593", "WGST",
                                               "\u897F\u90E8\u30B0\u30EA\u30FC\u30F3\u30E9\u30F3\u30C9\u6642\u9593", "WGT"}},
             {"America/Goose_Bay", AST},
-            {"America/Grand_Turk", EST},
+            {"America/Grand_Turk", AST},
             {"America/Grenada", AST},
             {"America/Guadeloupe", AST},
             {"America/Guatemala", CST},
@@ -484,9 +488,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ja extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"America/Mendoza", AGT},
             {"America/Menominee", CST},
             {"America/Merida", CST},
-            {"America/Metlakatla", new String[] {"\u30E1\u30C8\u30E9\u30AB\u30C8\u30E9\u6A19\u6E96\u6642\u9593", "MeST",
-                                                 "\u30E1\u30C8\u30E9\u30AB\u30C8\u30E9\u590F\u6642\u9593", "MeDT",
-                                                 "\u30E1\u30C8\u30E9\u30AB\u30C8\u30E9\u6642\u9593", "MeT"}},
+            {"America/Metlakatla", PST},
             {"America/Mexico_City", CST},
             {"America/Miquelon", new String[] {"\u30b5\u30f3\u30d4\u30a8\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30df\u30af\u30ed\u30f3\u8af8\u5cf6\u6a19\u6e96\u6642", "PMST",
                                                "\u30b5\u30f3\u30d4\u30a8\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30df\u30af\u30ed\u30f3\u8af8\u5cf6\u590f\u6642\u9593", "PMDT",
@@ -607,6 +609,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ja extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "\u30d6\u30eb\u30cd\u30a4\u590f\u6642\u9593", "BNST",
                                           "\u30D6\u30EB\u30CD\u30A4\u6642\u9593", "BNT"}},
             {"Asia/Calcutta", IST},
+            {"Asia/Chita", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Choibalsan", new String[] {"\u30c1\u30e7\u30a4\u30d0\u30eb\u30b5\u30f3\u6642\u9593", "CHOT",
                                               "\u30c1\u30e7\u30a4\u30d0\u30eb\u30b5\u30f3\u590f\u6642\u9593", "CHOST",
                                               "\u30C1\u30E7\u30A4\u30D0\u30EB\u30B5\u30F3\u6642\u9593", "CHOT"}},
@@ -631,9 +634,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ja extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Hovd", new String[] {"\u30db\u30d6\u30c9\u6642\u9593", "HOVT",
                                         "\u30db\u30d6\u30c9\u590f\u6642\u9593", "HOVST",
                                         "\u30DB\u30D6\u30C9\u6642\u9593", "HOVT"}},
-            {"Asia/Irkutsk", new String[] {"\u30a4\u30eb\u30af\u30fc\u30c4\u30af\u6642\u9593", "IRKT",
-                                           "\u30a4\u30eb\u30af\u30fc\u30c4\u30af\u590f\u6642\u9593", "IRKST",
-                                           "\u30A4\u30EB\u30AF\u30FC\u30C4\u30AF\u6642\u9593", "IRKT"}},
+            {"Asia/Irkutsk", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Asia/Jakarta", WIT},
             {"Asia/Jayapura", new String[] {"\u6771\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u30cd\u30b7\u30a2\u6642\u9593", "WIT",
@@ -646,16 +647,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ja extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                              "\u30da\u30c8\u30ed\u30d1\u30d6\u30ed\u30d5\u30b9\u30af\u30ab\u30e0\u30c1\u30e3\u30c4\u30ad\u30fc\u590f\u6642\u9593", "PETST",
                                              "\u30DA\u30C8\u30ED\u30D1\u30D6\u30ED\u30D5\u30B9\u30AF\u30FB\u30AB\u30E0\u30C1\u30E3\u30C4\u30AD\u30FC\u6642\u9593", "PETT"}},
             {"Asia/Karachi", PKT},
-            {"Asia/Kashgar", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Kashgar", XJT},
             {"Asia/Kathmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Katmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Khandyga", new String[] {"\u30CF\u30F3\u30C9\u30A5\u30A4\u30AC\u6642\u9593", "YAKT",
                                             "\u30CF\u30F3\u30C9\u30A5\u30A4\u30AC\u590F\u6642\u9593", "YAKST",
                                             "\u30CF\u30F3\u30C9\u30A5\u30A4\u30AC\u6642\u9593", "YAKT"}},
             {"Asia/Kolkata", IST},
-            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", new String[] {"\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30ce\u30e4\u30eb\u30b9\u30af\u6642\u9593", "KRAT",
-                                               "\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30ce\u30e4\u30eb\u30b9\u30af\u590f\u6642\u9593", "KRAST",
-                                               "\u30AF\u30E9\u30B9\u30CE\u30E4\u30EB\u30B9\u30AF\u6642\u9593", "KRAT"}},
+            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Kuala_Lumpur", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuching", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuwait", ARAST},
@@ -670,7 +669,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ja extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "\u30D5\u30A3\u30EA\u30D4\u30F3\u6642\u9593", "PHT"}},
             {"Asia/Muscat", GST},
             {"Asia/Nicosia", EET},
-            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", NOVT},
+            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Novosibirsk", NOVT},
             {"Asia/Oral", new String[] {"\u30aa\u30e9\u30eb\u6642\u9593", "ORAT",
                                         "\u30aa\u30e9\u30eb\u590f\u6642\u9593", "ORAST",
@@ -696,6 +695,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ja extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Samarkand", UZT},
             {"Asia/Seoul", KST},
             {"Asia/Singapore", SGT},
+            {"Asia/Srednekolymsk", new String[] {"Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Daylight Time", "SREDT",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET"}},
             {"Asia/Taipei", CTT},
             {"Asia/Tel_Aviv", ISRAEL},
             {"Asia/Tashkent", UZT},
@@ -708,7 +710,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ja extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Ujung_Pandang", CIT},
             {"Asia/Ulaanbaatar", ULAT},
             {"Asia/Ulan_Bator", ULAT},
-            {"Asia/Urumqi", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Urumqi", XJT},
             {"Asia/Ust-Nera", new String[] {"\u30A6\u30B9\u30C1\u30CD\u30E9\u6642\u9593", "VLAT",
                                             "\u30A6\u30B9\u30C1\u30CD\u30E9\u590F\u6642\u9593", "VLAST",
                                             "\u30A6\u30B9\u30C1\u30CD\u30E9\u6642\u9593", "VLAT"}},
@@ -750,9 +752,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ja extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Australia/Canberra", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Currie", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Darwin", DARWIN},
-            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"\u4E2D\u897F\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2)", "CWST",
-                                              "\u4E2D\u897F\u90E8\u590F\u6642\u9593(\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2)", "CWST",
-                                              "\u4E2D\u897F\u90E8\u6642\u9593(\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2)", "CWT"}},
+            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"\u4E2D\u897F\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642(\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2)", "ACWST",
+                                              "\u4E2D\u897F\u90E8\u590F\u6642\u9593(\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2)", "ACWDT",
+                                              "\u4E2D\u897F\u90E8\u6642\u9593(\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2)", "ACWT"}},
             {"Australia/Hobart", TASMANIA},
             {"Australia/LHI", LORD_HOWE},
             {"Australia/Lindeman", BRISBANE},
@@ -818,7 +820,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ja extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Isle_of_Man", GMTBST},
             {"Europe/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Europe/Jersey", GMTBST},
-            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", FET},
+            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", EET},
             {"Europe/Kiev", EET},
             {"Europe/Lisbon", WET},
             {"Europe/Ljubljana", CET},
@@ -853,9 +855,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ja extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Vatican", CET},
             {"Europe/Vienna", CET},
             {"Europe/Vilnius", EET},
-            {"Europe/Volgograd", new String[] {"\u30dc\u30eb\u30b4\u30b0\u30e9\u30fc\u30c9\u6642\u9593", "VOLT",
-                                               "\u30dc\u30eb\u30b4\u30b0\u30e9\u30fc\u30c9\u590f\u6642\u9593", "VOLST",
-                                               "\u30DC\u30EB\u30B4\u30B0\u30E9\u30FC\u30C9\u6642\u9593", "VOLT"}},
+            {"Europe/Volgograd", MSK},
             {"Europe/Warsaw", CET},
             {"Europe/Zagreb", CET},
             {"Europe/Zaporozhye", EET},
diff --git a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/ko/TimeZoneNames_ko.java b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/ko/TimeZoneNames_ko.java
index d1e106e2cd8..fcfd748153e 100644
--- a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/ko/TimeZoneNames_ko.java
+++ b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/ko/TimeZoneNames_ko.java
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ko extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ACT[] = new String[] {"\uc5d0\uc774\ucee4 \uc2dc\uac04", "ACT",
                                      "\uc5d0\uc774\ucee4 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "ACST",
                                      "\uc5d0\uc774\ucee4 \uc2dc\uac04", "ACT"};
-        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"\uC911\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uB0A8\uBD80 \uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544)", "CST",
-                                          "\uC911\uBD80 \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04(\uB0A8\uBD80 \uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544)", "CST",
-                                          "\uC911\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uB0A8\uBD80 \uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544)", "CT"};
+        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"\uC911\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uB0A8\uBD80 \uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544)", "ACST",
+                                          "\uC911\uBD80 \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04(\uB0A8\uBD80 \uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544)", "ACDT",
+                                          "\uC911\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uB0A8\uBD80 \uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544)", "ACT"};
         String AGT[] = new String[] {"\uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098 \uc2dc\uac04", "ART",
                                      "\uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "ARST",
                                      "\uC544\uB974\uD5E8\uD2F0\uB098 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "ART"};
@@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ko extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String BDT[] = new String[] {"\ubc29\uae00\ub77c\ub370\uc2dc \uc2dc\uac04", "BDT",
                                      "\ubc29\uae00\ub77c\ub370\uc2dc \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "BDST",
                                      "\uBC29\uAE00\uB77C\uB370\uC2DC \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "BDT"};
-        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"\uB3D9\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uD038\uC990\uB79C\uB4DC)", "EST",
-                                          "\uB3D9\uBD80 \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04(\uD038\uC990\uB79C\uB4DC)", "EST",
-                                          "\uB3D9\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uD038\uC990\uB79C\uB4DC)", "ET"};
-        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"\uC911\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uB0A8\uBD80 \uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544/\uB274\uC0AC\uC6B0\uC2A4\uC6E8\uC77C\uC988)", "CST",
-                                             "\uC911\uBD80 \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04(\uB0A8\uBD80 \uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544/\uB274\uC0AC\uC6B0\uC2A4\uC6E8\uC77C\uC988)", "CST",
-                                             "\uC911\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uB0A8\uBD80 \uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544/\uB274\uC0AC\uC6B0\uC2A4\uC6E8\uC77C\uC988)", "CT"};
+        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"\uB3D9\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uD038\uC990\uB79C\uB4DC)", "AEST",
+                                          "\uB3D9\uBD80 \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04(\uD038\uC990\uB79C\uB4DC)", "AEDT",
+                                          "\uB3D9\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uD038\uC990\uB79C\uB4DC)", "AET"};
+        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"\uC911\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uB0A8\uBD80 \uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544/\uB274\uC0AC\uC6B0\uC2A4\uC6E8\uC77C\uC988)", "ACST",
+                                             "\uC911\uBD80 \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04(\uB0A8\uBD80 \uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544/\uB274\uC0AC\uC6B0\uC2A4\uC6E8\uC77C\uC988)", "ACDT",
+                                             "\uC911\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uB0A8\uBD80 \uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544/\uB274\uC0AC\uC6B0\uC2A4\uC6E8\uC77C\uC988)", "ACT"};
         String BRT[] = new String[] {"\ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \uc2dc\uac04", "BRT",
                                      "\ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "BRST",
                                      "\uBE0C\uB77C\uC9C8\uB9AC\uC544 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "BRT"};
@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ko extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String CUBA[] = new String[] {"\ucfe0\ubc14 \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc", "CST",
                                       "\ucfe0\ubc14 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "CDT",
                                       "\uCFE0\uBC14 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "CT"};
-        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"\uC911\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uBD81\uBD80 \uC9C0\uC5ED)", "CST",
-                                        "\uC911\uBD80 \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04(\uBD81\uBD80 \uC9C0\uC5ED)", "CST",
-                                        "\uC911\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uBD81\uBD80 \uC9C0\uC5ED)", "CT"};
+        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"\uC911\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uBD81\uBD80 \uC9C0\uC5ED)", "ACST",
+                                        "\uC911\uBD80 \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04(\uBD81\uBD80 \uC9C0\uC5ED)", "ACDT",
+                                        "\uC911\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uBD81\uBD80 \uC9C0\uC5ED)", "ACT"};
         String DUBLIN[] = new String[] {"\uadf8\ub9ac\ub2c8\uce58 \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc", "GMT",
                                         "\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "IST",
                                         "\uC544\uC77C\uB79C\uB4DC \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "IT"};
@@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ko extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String EST[] = new String[] {"\ub3d9\ubd80 \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc", "EST",
                                      "\ub3d9\ubd80 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "EDT",
                                      "\uB3D9\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "ET"};
-        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"\uB3D9\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uB274\uC0AC\uC6B0\uC2A4\uC6E8\uC77C\uC988)", "EST",
-                                         "\uB3D9\uBD80 \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04(\uB274\uC0AC\uC6B0\uC2A4\uC6E8\uC77C\uC988)", "EST",
-                                         "\uB3D9\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uB274\uC0AC\uC6B0\uC2A4\uC6E8\uC77C\uC988)", "ET"};
+        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"\uB3D9\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uB274\uC0AC\uC6B0\uC2A4\uC6E8\uC77C\uC988)", "AEST",
+                                         "\uB3D9\uBD80 \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04(\uB274\uC0AC\uC6B0\uC2A4\uC6E8\uC77C\uC988)", "AEDT",
+                                         "\uB3D9\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uB274\uC0AC\uC6B0\uC2A4\uC6E8\uC77C\uC988)", "AET"};
         String FET[] = new String[] {"\uADF9\uB3D9 \uC720\uB7FD \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "FET",
                                      "\uADF9\uB3D9 \uC720\uB7FD \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04", "FEST",
                                      "\uADF9\uB3D9 \uC720\uB7FD \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "FET"};
@@ -165,6 +165,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ko extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ICT[] = new String[] {"\uc778\ub3c4\ucc28\uc774\ub098 \ubc18\ub3c4 \uc2dc\uac04", "ICT",
                                      "\uc778\ub3c4\ucc28\uc774\ub098 \ubc18\ub3c4 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "ICST",
                                      "\uC778\uB3C4\uCC28\uC774\uB098 \uBC18\uB3C4 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "ICT"};
+        String IRKT[] =  new String[] {"\uc774\ub974\ucfe0\uce20\ud06c \uc2dc\uac04", "IRKT",
+                                       "\uc774\ub974\ucfe0\uce20\ud06c \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "IRKST",
+                                       "\uC774\uB974\uCFE0\uCE20\uD06C \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "IRKT"};
         String IRT[] = new String[] {"\uc774\ub780 \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc", "IRST",
                                      "\uc774\ub780 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "IRDT",
                                      "\uC774\uB780 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "IRT"};
@@ -177,11 +180,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ko extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String JST[] = new String[] {"\uc77c\ubcf8 \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc", "JST",
                                      "\uc77c\ubcf8 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "JDT",
                                      "\uC77C\uBCF8 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "JT"};
+        String KRAT[] = new String[] {"\ud06c\ub77c\uc2a4\ub178\uc57c\ub974\uc2a4\ud06c \uc2dc\uac04", "KRAT",
+                                      "\ud06c\ub77c\uc2a4\ub178\uc57c\ub974\uc2a4\ud06c \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "KRAST",
+                                      "\uD06C\uB77C\uC2A4\uB178\uC57C\uB974\uC2A4\uD06C \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "KRAT"};
         String KST[] = new String[] {"\ud55c\uad6d \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc", "KST",
                                      "\ud55c\uad6d \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "KDT",
                                      "\uB300\uD55C\uBBFC\uAD6D \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "KT"};
         String LORD_HOWE[] = new String[] {"\ub85c\ub4dc \ud558\uc6b0 \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc", "LHST",
-                                           "\ub85c\ub4dc \ud558\uc6b0 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "LHST",
+                                           "\ub85c\ub4dc \ud558\uc6b0 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "LHDT",
                                            "\uB85C\uB4DC\uD558\uC6B0 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "LHT"};
         String MHT[] = new String[] {"\ub9c8\uc15c\uc81c\ub3c4 \uc2dc\uac04", "MHT",
                                      "\ub9c8\uc15c\uc81c\ub3c4 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "MHST",
@@ -231,20 +237,15 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ko extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String SGT[] = new String[] {"\uc2f1\uac00\ud3ec\ub974 \uc2dc\uac04", "SGT",
                                      "\uc2f1\uac00\ud3ec\ub974 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "SGST",
                                      "\uC2F1\uAC00\uD3EC\uB974 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "SGT"};
-        String SLST[] = new String[] {"\uadf8\ub9ac\ub2c8\uce58 \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc", "GMT",
-                                      "\uc2dc\uc5d0\ub77c\ub9ac\uc628 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "SLST",
-                                      "\uC2DC\uC5D0\uB77C\uB9AC\uC628 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "SLT"};
-        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"\uB3D9\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uD0DC\uC988\uBA54\uC774\uB2C8\uC544)", "EST",
-                                          "\uB3D9\uBD80 \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04(\uD0DC\uC988\uBA54\uC774\uB2C8\uC544)", "EST",
-                                          "\uB3D9\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uD0DC\uC988\uBA54\uC774\uB2C8\uC544)", "ET"};
+        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"\uB3D9\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uD0DC\uC988\uBA54\uC774\uB2C8\uC544)", "AEST",
+                                          "\uB3D9\uBD80 \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04(\uD0DC\uC988\uBA54\uC774\uB2C8\uC544)", "AEDT",
+                                          "\uB3D9\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uD0DC\uC988\uBA54\uC774\uB2C8\uC544)", "AET"};
         String TMT[] = new String[] {"\ud22c\ub974\ud06c\uba54\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc2dc\uac04", "TMT",
                                      "\ud22c\ub974\ud06c\uba54\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "TMST",
                                      "\uD22C\uB974\uD06C\uBA54\uB2C8\uC2A4\uD0C4 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "TMT"};
         String ULAT[]= new String[] {"\uc6b8\ub780\ubc14\ud0c0\ub974 \uc2dc\uac04", "ULAT",
                                      "\uc6b8\ub780\ubc14\ud0c0\ub974 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "ULAST",
                                      "\uC6B8\uB780\uBC14\uD1A0\uB974 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "ULAT"};
-        String WART[] = new String[] {"\uc11c\ubd80 \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098 \uc2dc\uac04", "WART",
-                                      "\uc11c\ubd80 \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "WARST"};
         String WAT[] = new String[] {"\uc11c\ubd80 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \uc2dc\uac04", "WAT",
                                      "\uc11c\ubd80 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "WAST",
                                      "\uC11C\uBD80 \uC544\uD504\uB9AC\uCE74 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "WAT"};
@@ -254,27 +255,30 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ko extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String WIT[] = new String[] {"\uc11c\uc778\ub3c4\ub124\uc2dc\uc544 \uc2dc\uac04", "WIB",
                                      "\uc11c\uc778\ub3c4\ub124\uc2dc\uc544 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "WIST",
                                      "\uC11C\uBD80 \uC778\uB3C4\uB124\uC2DC\uC544 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "WIB"};
-        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"\uC11C\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544)", "WST",
-                                         "\uC11C\uBD80 \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04(\uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544)", "WST",
-                                         "\uC11C\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544)", "WT"};
+        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"\uC11C\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544)", "AWST",
+                                         "\uC11C\uBD80 \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04(\uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544)", "AWDT",
+                                         "\uC11C\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544)", "AWT"};
         String SAMOA[] = new String[] {"\uc0ac\ubaa8\uc544 \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc", "SST",
                                        "\uc0ac\ubaa8\uc544 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "SDT",
                                        "\uC0AC\uBAA8\uC544 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "ST"};
-        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"\uc11c\uc0ac\ubaa8\uc544 \uc2dc\uac04", "WST",
+        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"\uc11c\uc0ac\ubaa8\uc544 \uc2dc\uac04", "WSST",
                                            "\uc11c\uc0ac\ubaa8\uc544 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "WSDT",
                                            "\uC11C\uC0AC\uBAA8\uC544 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "WST"};
         String ChST[] = new String[] {"\ucc28\ubaa8\ub85c \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc", "ChST",
                                       "\ucc28\ubaa8\ub85c \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "ChDT",
                                       "\uCC28\uBAA8\uB974 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "ChT"};
-        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"\uB3D9\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uBE45\uD1A0\uB9AC\uC544)", "EST",
-                                          "\uB3D9\uBD80 \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04(\uBE45\uD1A0\uB9AC\uC544)", "EST",
-                                          "\uB3D9\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uBE45\uD1A0\uB9AC\uC544)", "ET"};
+        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"\uB3D9\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uBE45\uD1A0\uB9AC\uC544)", "AEST",
+                                          "\uB3D9\uBD80 \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04(\uBE45\uD1A0\uB9AC\uC544)", "AEDT",
+                                          "\uB3D9\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uBE45\uD1A0\uB9AC\uC544)", "AET"};
         String UTC[] = new String[] {"\uc138\uacc4 \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc", "UTC",
                                      "\uc138\uacc4 \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc", "UTC",
                                      "\uC9C0\uC5ED \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "UTC"};
         String UZT[] = new String[] {"\uc6b0\uc988\ubca0\ud0a4\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc2dc\uac04", "UZT",
                                      "\uc6b0\uc988\ubca0\ud0a4\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "UZST",
                                      "\uC6B0\uC988\uBCA0\uD0A4\uC2A4\uD0C4 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "UZT"};
+        String XJT[] = new String[] {"\uc911\uad6d \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc", "XJT",
+                                     "\uc911\uad6d \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "XJDT",
+                                     "\uC911\uAD6D \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "XJT"};
 
         return new Object[][] {
             {"America/Los_Angeles", PST},
@@ -336,7 +340,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ko extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Africa/Djibouti", EAT},
             {"Africa/Douala", WAT},
             {"Africa/El_Aaiun", WET},
-            {"Africa/Freetown", SLST},
+            {"Africa/Freetown", GMT},
             {"Africa/Gaborone", CAT},
             {"Africa/Harare", CAT},
             {"Africa/Johannesburg", SAST},
@@ -437,7 +441,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ko extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                               "\uc11c\ubd80 \uadf8\ub9b0\ub79c\ub4dc \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "WGST",
                                               "\uC11C\uBD80 \uADF8\uB9B0\uB780\uB4DC \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "WGT"}},
             {"America/Goose_Bay", AST},
-            {"America/Grand_Turk", EST},
+            {"America/Grand_Turk", AST},
             {"America/Grenada", AST},
             {"America/Guadeloupe", AST},
             {"America/Guatemala", CST},
@@ -484,9 +488,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ko extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"America/Mendoza", AGT},
             {"America/Menominee", CST},
             {"America/Merida", CST},
-            {"America/Metlakatla", new String[] {"\uBA54\uD2B8\uB77C\uCE74\uD2B8\uB77C \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "MeST",
-                                                 "\uBA54\uD2B8\uB77C\uCE74\uD2B8\uB77C \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04", "MeDT",
-                                                 "\uBA54\uD2B8\uB77C\uCE74\uD2B8\uB77C \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "MeT"}},
+            {"America/Metlakatla", PST},
             {"America/Mexico_City", CST},
             {"America/Miquelon", new String[] {"\ud53c\uc5d0\ub974 \ubbf8\ud06c\ub860 \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc", "PMST",
                                                "\ud53c\uc5d0\ub974 \ubbf8\ud06c\ub860 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "PMDT",
@@ -607,6 +609,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ko extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "\ube0c\ub8e8\ub098\uc774 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "BNST",
                                           "\uBE0C\uB8E8\uB098\uC774 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "BNT"}},
             {"Asia/Calcutta", IST},
+            {"Asia/Chita", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Choibalsan", new String[] {"Choibalsan \uc2dc\uac04", "CHOT",
                                               "Choibalsan \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "CHOST",
                                               "\uCD08\uC774\uBC1C\uC0B0 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "CHOT"}},
@@ -631,9 +634,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ko extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Hovd", new String[] {"Hovd \uc2dc\uac04", "HOVT",
                                         "Hovd \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "HOVST",
                                         "\uD638\uBE0C\uB4DC \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "HOVT"}},
-            {"Asia/Irkutsk", new String[] {"\uc774\ub974\ucfe0\uce20\ud06c \uc2dc\uac04", "IRKT",
-                                            "\uc774\ub974\ucfe0\uce20\ud06c \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "IRKST",
-                                            "\uC774\uB974\uCFE0\uCE20\uD06C \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "IRKT"}},
+            {"Asia/Irkutsk", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Asia/Jakarta", WIT},
             {"Asia/Jayapura", new String[] {"\ub3d9\ubd80 \uc778\ub3c4\ub124\uc2dc\uc544 \uc2dc\uac04", "WIT",
@@ -646,16 +647,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ko extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                             "\ud398\ud2b8\ub85c\ud30c\ube14\ub85c\ud504\uc2a4\ud06c-\uce84\ucc28\uce20\ud0a4 \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "PETST",
                                             "\uD398\uD2B8\uB85C\uD30C\uBE0C\uB85C\uD504\uC2A4\uD06C-\uCE84\uCC28\uCE20\uD0A4 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "PETT"}},
             {"Asia/Karachi", PKT},
-            {"Asia/Kashgar", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Kashgar", XJT},
             {"Asia/Kathmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Katmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Khandyga", new String[] {"\uD55C\uB514\uAC00 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "YAKT",
                                             "\uD55C\uB514\uAC00 \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04", "YAKST",
                                             "\uD55C\uB514\uAC00 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "YAKT"}},
             {"Asia/Kolkata", IST},
-            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", new String[] {"\ud06c\ub77c\uc2a4\ub178\uc57c\ub974\uc2a4\ud06c \uc2dc\uac04", "KRAT",
-                                               "\ud06c\ub77c\uc2a4\ub178\uc57c\ub974\uc2a4\ud06c \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "KRAST",
-                                               "\uD06C\uB77C\uC2A4\uB178\uC57C\uB974\uC2A4\uD06C \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "KRAT"}},
+            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Kuala_Lumpur", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuching", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuwait", ARAST},
@@ -670,7 +669,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ko extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "\uD544\uB9AC\uD540 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "PHT"}},
             {"Asia/Muscat", GST},
             {"Asia/Nicosia", EET},
-            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", NOVT},
+            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Novosibirsk", NOVT},
             {"Asia/Oral", new String[] {"Oral \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc", "ORAT",
                                         "Oral \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "ORAST",
@@ -696,6 +695,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ko extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Samarkand", UZT},
             {"Asia/Seoul", KST},
             {"Asia/Singapore", SGT},
+            {"Asia/Srednekolymsk", new String[] {"Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Daylight Time", "SREDT",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET"}},
             {"Asia/Taipei", CTT},
             {"Asia/Tel_Aviv", ISRAEL},
             {"Asia/Tashkent", UZT},
@@ -708,7 +710,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ko extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Ujung_Pandang", CIT},
             {"Asia/Ulaanbaatar", ULAT},
             {"Asia/Ulan_Bator", ULAT},
-            {"Asia/Urumqi", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Urumqi", XJT},
             {"Asia/Ust-Nera", new String[] {"\uC6B0\uC2A4\uD2F0\uB124\uB77C \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "VLAT",
                                             "\uC6B0\uC2A4\uD2F0\uB124\uB77C \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04", "VLAST" ,
                                             "\uC6B0\uC2A4\uD2F0\uB124\uB77C \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "VLAT"}},
@@ -750,9 +752,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ko extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Australia/Canberra", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Currie", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Darwin", DARWIN},
-            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"\uC911\uC559 \uC11C\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544)", "CWST",
-                                              "\uC911\uC559 \uC11C\uBD80 \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04(\uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544)", "CWST",
-                                              "\uC911\uC559 \uC11C\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544)", "CWT"}},
+            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"\uC911\uC559 \uC11C\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544)", "ACWST",
+                                              "\uC911\uC559 \uC11C\uBD80 \uC77C\uAD11 \uC808\uC57D \uC2DC\uAC04(\uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544)", "ACWDT",
+                                              "\uC911\uC559 \uC11C\uBD80 \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC(\uC624\uC2A4\uD2B8\uB808\uC77C\uB9AC\uC544)", "ACWT"}},
             {"Australia/Hobart", TASMANIA},
             {"Australia/LHI", LORD_HOWE},
             {"Australia/Lindeman", BRISBANE},
@@ -818,7 +820,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ko extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Isle_of_Man", GMTBST},
             {"Europe/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Europe/Jersey", GMTBST},
-            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", FET},
+            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", EET},
             {"Europe/Kiev", EET},
             {"Europe/Lisbon", WET},
             {"Europe/Ljubljana", CET},
@@ -853,9 +855,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_ko extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Vatican", CET},
             {"Europe/Vienna", CET},
             {"Europe/Vilnius", EET},
-            {"Europe/Volgograd", new String[] {"\ubcfc\uace0\uadf8\ub77c\ub4dc \uc2dc\uac04", "VOLT",
-                                               "\ubcfc\uace0\uadf8\ub77c\ub4dc \uc77c\uad11\uc808\uc57d\uc2dc\uac04", "VOLST",
-                                               "\uBCFC\uACE0\uADF8\uB77C\uB4DC \uD45C\uC900\uC2DC", "VOLT"}},
+            {"Europe/Volgograd", MSK},
             {"Europe/Warsaw", CET},
             {"Europe/Zagreb", CET},
             {"Europe/Zaporozhye", EET},
diff --git a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/lt/CurrencyNames_lt_LT.properties b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/lt/CurrencyNames_lt_LT.properties
index f7275219e28..a0884fafef5 100644
--- a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/lt/CurrencyNames_lt_LT.properties
+++ b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/lt/CurrencyNames_lt_LT.properties
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # 
-# Copyright (c) 2005, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2005, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 #
 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -35,4 +35,5 @@
 # This notice and attribution to Taligent may not be removed.
 # Taligent is a registered trademark of Taligent, Inc.
 
+EUR=\u20AC
 LTL=Lt
diff --git a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/pt/TimeZoneNames_pt_BR.java b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/pt/TimeZoneNames_pt_BR.java
index 21852adbb67..60664c5b1f1 100644
--- a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/pt/TimeZoneNames_pt_BR.java
+++ b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/pt/TimeZoneNames_pt_BR.java
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_pt_BR extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ACT[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio do Acre", "ACT",
                                      "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o do Acre", "ACST",
                                      "Fuso hor\u00e1rio do Acre", "ACT"};
-        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"Hor\u00E1rio-Padr\u00E3o Central (Austr\u00E1lia do Sul)", "CST",
-                                          "Fuso Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o Central (Austr\u00E1lia do Sul)", "CST",
-                                          "Hor\u00E1rio Central (Austr\u00E1lia do Sul)", "CT"};
+        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"Hor\u00E1rio-Padr\u00E3o Central (Austr\u00E1lia do Sul)", "ACST",
+                                          "Fuso Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o Central (Austr\u00E1lia do Sul)", "ACDT",
+                                          "Hor\u00E1rio Central (Austr\u00E1lia do Sul)", "ACT"};
         String AGT[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio da Argentina", "ART",
                                      "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o da Argentina", "ARST",
                                      "Hor\u00E1rio da Argentina", "ART"};
@@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_pt_BR extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String BDT[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio de Bangladesh", "BDT",
                                      "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o de Bangladesh", "BDST",
                                      "Hor\u00E1rio de Bangladesh", "BDT"};
-        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"Hor\u00E1rio-Padr\u00E3o do Leste (Queensland)", "EST",
-                                          "Fuso Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o Oriental (Queensland)", "EST",
-                                          "Hor\u00E1rio do Leste (Queensland)", "ET"};
-        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"Hor\u00E1rio-Padr\u00E3o Central (Austr\u00E1lia do Sul/Nova Gales do Sul)", "CST",
-                                             "Fuso Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o Central (Austr\u00E1lia do Sul/Nova Gales do Sul)", "CST",
-                                             "Hor\u00E1rio Central (Austr\u00E1lia do Sul/Nova Gales do Sul)", "CT"};
+        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"Hor\u00E1rio-Padr\u00E3o do Leste (Queensland)", "AEST",
+                                          "Fuso Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o Oriental (Queensland)", "AEDT",
+                                          "Hor\u00E1rio do Leste (Queensland)", "AET"};
+        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"Hor\u00E1rio-Padr\u00E3o Central (Austr\u00E1lia do Sul/Nova Gales do Sul)", "ACST",
+                                             "Fuso Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o Central (Austr\u00E1lia do Sul/Nova Gales do Sul)", "ACDT",
+                                             "Hor\u00E1rio Central (Austr\u00E1lia do Sul/Nova Gales do Sul)", "ACT"};
         String BRT[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio de Bras\u00edlia", "BRT",
                                      "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o de Bras\u00edlia", "BRST",
                                      "Hor\u00E1rio de Bras\u00EDlia", "BRT"};
@@ -108,9 +108,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_pt_BR extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String CUBA[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio padr\u00e3o de Cuba", "CST",
                                       "Hor\u00e1rio de luz natural de Cuba", "CDT",
                                       "Hor\u00E1rio de Cuba", "CT"};
-        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"Hor\u00E1rio-Padr\u00E3o Central (Territ\u00F3rio do Norte)", "CST",
-                                        "Fuso Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o Central (Territ\u00F3rio do Norte)", "CST",
-                                        "Hor\u00E1rio Central (Territ\u00F3rio do Norte)", "CT"};
+        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"Hor\u00E1rio-Padr\u00E3o Central (Territ\u00F3rio do Norte)", "ACST",
+                                        "Fuso Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o Central (Territ\u00F3rio do Norte)", "ACDT",
+                                        "Hor\u00E1rio Central (Territ\u00F3rio do Norte)", "ACT"};
         String DUBLIN[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio do meridiano de Greenwich", "GMT",
                                         "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o da Irlanda", "IST",
                                         "Hor\u00E1rio da Rep\u00FAblica da Irlanda", "IT"};
@@ -129,9 +129,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_pt_BR extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String EST[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio padr\u00e3o oriental", "EST",
                                      "Hor\u00e1rio de luz natural oriental", "EDT",
                                      "Hor\u00E1rio do Leste", "ET"};
-        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"Hor\u00E1rio-Padr\u00E3o Oriental (Nova Gales do Sul)", "EST",
-                                         "Fuso Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o Oriental (Nova Gales do Sul)", "EST",
-                                         "Hor\u00E1rio Oriental (Nova Gales do Sul)", "ET"};
+        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"Hor\u00E1rio-Padr\u00E3o Oriental (Nova Gales do Sul)", "AEST",
+                                         "Fuso Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o Oriental (Nova Gales do Sul)", "AEDT",
+                                         "Hor\u00E1rio Oriental (Nova Gales do Sul)", "AET"};
         String FET[] = new String[] {"Hor\u00E1rio do Extremo Leste Europeu (FET)", "FET",
                                      "Fuso Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o do Extremo Leste Europeu", "FEST",
                                      "Hor\u00E1rio do Extremo Leste Europeu (FET)", "FET"};
@@ -162,6 +162,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_pt_BR extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ICT[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio da Indochina", "ICT",
                                      "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o da Indochina", "ICST",
                                      "Hor\u00E1rio da Indochina", "ICT"};
+        String IRKT[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio de Irkutsk", "IRKT",
+                                      "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o de Irkutsk", "IRKST",
+                                      "Hor\u00E1rio de Irkutsk", "IRKT"};
         String IRT[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio do Ir\u00e3", "IRST",
                                      "Hor\u00e1rio de luz natural do Ir\u00e3", "IRDT",
                                      "Hor\u00E1rio do Ir\u00E3", "IRT"};
@@ -174,11 +177,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_pt_BR extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String JST[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio padr\u00e3o do Jap\u00e3o", "JST",
                                      "Hor\u00e1rio de luz natural do Jap\u00e3o", "JDT",
                                      "Hor\u00E1rio do Jap\u00E3o", "JT"};
+        String KRAT[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio de Krasnoyarsk", "KRAT",
+                                      "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o de Krasnoyarsk", "KRAST",
+                                      "Hor\u00E1rio de Krasnoyarsk", "KRAT"};
         String KST[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio padr\u00e3o da Coreia", "KST",
                                      "Hor\u00e1rio de luz natural da Coreia", "KDT",
                                      "Hor\u00E1rio da Coreia", "KT"};
         String LORD_HOWE[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio padr\u00e3o de Lord Howe", "LHST",
-                                           "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o de Lord Howe", "LHST",
+                                           "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o de Lord Howe", "LHDT",
                                            "Hor\u00E1rio de Lord Howe", "LHT"};
         String MHT[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio das Ilhas Marshall", "MHT",
                                      "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o das Ilhas Marshall", "MHST",
@@ -228,12 +234,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_pt_BR extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String SGT[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio de Cingapura", "SGT",
                                      "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e1 de Cingapura", "SGST",
                                      "Hor\u00E1rio de Cingapura", "SGT"};
-        String SLST[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio do meridiano de Greenwich", "GMT",
-                                      "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o de Serra Leoa", "SLST",
-                                      "Hor\u00E1rio de Serra Leoa", "SLT"};
-        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"Hor\u00E1rio-Padr\u00E3o do Leste (Tasm\u00E2nia)", "EST",
-                                          "Fuso Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o Oriental (Tasm\u00E2nia)", "EST",
-                                          "Hor\u00E1rio do Leste (Tasm\u00E2nia)", "ET"};
+        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"Hor\u00E1rio-Padr\u00E3o do Leste (Tasm\u00E2nia)", "AEST",
+                                          "Fuso Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o Oriental (Tasm\u00E2nia)", "AEDT",
+                                          "Hor\u00E1rio do Leste (Tasm\u00E2nia)", "AET"};
         String TMT[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio do Turcomenist\u00e3o", "TMT",
                                      "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o do Turcomenist\u00e3o", "TMST",
                                      "Hor\u00E1rio do Turcomenist\u00E3o", "TMT"};
@@ -252,29 +255,30 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_pt_BR extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String WIT[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio da Indon\u00e9sia Ocidental", "WIB",
                                      "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o da Indon\u00e9sia Ocidental", "WIST",
                                      "Hor\u00E1rio da Indon\u00E9sia Ocidental", "WIB"};
-        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"Hor\u00E1rio-Padr\u00E3o Ocidental (Austr\u00E1lia)", "WST",
-                                         "Fuso Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o Ocidental (Austr\u00E1lia)", "WST",
-                                         "Hor\u00E1rio Ocidental (Austr\u00E1lia)", "WT"};
+        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"Hor\u00E1rio-Padr\u00E3o Ocidental (Austr\u00E1lia)", "AWST",
+                                         "Fuso Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o Ocidental (Austr\u00E1lia)", "AWDT",
+                                         "Hor\u00E1rio Ocidental (Austr\u00E1lia)", "AWT"};
         String SAMOA[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio padr\u00e3o de Samoa", "SST",
                                        "Hor\u00e1rio de luz natural de Samoa", "SDT",
                                        "Hor\u00E1rio da Samoa", "ST"};
-        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio de Samoa Ocidental", "WST",
+        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio de Samoa Ocidental", "WSST",
                                            "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o de Samoa Ocidental", "WSDT",
                                            "Fuso Hor\u00E1rio de Samoa Ocidental", "WST"};
         String ChST[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio padr\u00e3o de Chamorro", "ChST",
                                       "Hor\u00e1rio de luz natural de Chamorro", "ChDT",
                                       "Hor\u00E1rio de Chamorro", "ChT"};
-        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"Hor\u00E1rio-Padr\u00E3o do Leste (Victoria)", "EST",
-                                          "Fuso Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o Oriental (Victoria)", "EST",
-                                          "Hor\u00E1rio do Leste (Victoria)", "ET"};
+        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"Hor\u00E1rio-Padr\u00E3o do Leste (Victoria)", "AEST",
+                                          "Fuso Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o Oriental (Victoria)", "AEDT",
+                                          "Hor\u00E1rio do Leste (Victoria)", "AET"};
         String UTC[] = new String[] {"Tempo universal coordenado", "UTC",
                                      "Tempo universal coordenado", "UTC",
                                      "Hor\u00E1rio Universal Coordenado", "UTC"};
         String UZT[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio do Uzbequist\u00e3o", "UZT",
                                      "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o do Uzbequist\u00e3o", "UZST",
                                      "Hor\u00E1rio do Uzbequist\u00E3o", "UZT"};
-        String WART[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio da Argentina Ocidental", "WART",
-                                      "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o da Argentina Ocidental", "WARST"};
+        String XJT[] = new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio padr\u00e3o da China", "XJT",
+                                     "Hor\u00e1rio de luz natural da China", "XJDT",
+                                     "Hor\u00E1rio da China", "XJT"};
 
         return new Object[][] {
             {"America/Los_Angeles", PST},
@@ -336,7 +340,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_pt_BR extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Africa/Djibouti", EAT},
             {"Africa/Douala", WAT},
             {"Africa/El_Aaiun", WET},
-            {"Africa/Freetown", SLST},
+            {"Africa/Freetown", GMT},
             {"Africa/Gaborone", CAT},
             {"Africa/Harare", CAT},
             {"Africa/Johannesburg", SAST},
@@ -437,7 +441,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_pt_BR extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                               "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o da Groenl\u00e2ndia Ocidental", "WGST",
                                               "Hor\u00E1rio da Groenl\u00E2ndia Ocidental", "WGT"}},
             {"America/Goose_Bay", AST},
-            {"America/Grand_Turk", EST},
+            {"America/Grand_Turk", AST},
             {"America/Grenada", AST},
             {"America/Guadeloupe", AST},
             {"America/Guatemala", CST},
@@ -484,9 +488,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_pt_BR extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"America/Mendoza", AGT},
             {"America/Menominee", CST},
             {"America/Merida", CST},
-            {"America/Metlakatla", new String[] {"Hor\u00E1rio Padr\u00E3o de Metlakatla", "MeST",
-                                                 "Hor\u00E1rio de Luz Natural de Metlakatla", "MeDT",
-                                                 "Hor\u00E1rio de Metlakatla", "MeT"}},
+            {"America/Metlakatla", PST},
             {"America/Mexico_City", CST},
             {"America/Miquelon", new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio padr\u00e3o de S\u00e3o Pedro e Miquelon", "PMST",
                                                "Hor\u00e1rio de luz natural de S\u00e3o Pedro e Miquelon", "PMDT",
@@ -607,6 +609,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_pt_BR extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o de Brunei", "BNST",
                                           "Hor\u00E1rio de Brunei", "BNT"}},
             {"Asia/Calcutta", IST},
+            {"Asia/Chita", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Choibalsan", new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio de Choibalsan", "CHOT",
                                               "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o de Choibalsan", "CHOST",
                                               "Hor\u00E1rio de Choibalsan", "CHOT"}},
@@ -631,9 +634,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_pt_BR extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Hovd", new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio de Hovd", "HOVT",
                                         "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o de Hovd", "HOVST",
                                         "Hor\u00E1rio de Hovd", "HOVT"}},
-            {"Asia/Irkutsk", new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio de Irkutsk", "IRKT",
-                                           "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o de Irkutsk", "IRKST",
-                                           "Hor\u00E1rio de Irkutsk", "IRKT"}},
+            {"Asia/Irkutsk", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Asia/Jakarta", WIT},
             {"Asia/Jayapura", new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio da Indon\u00e9sia Oriental", "WIT",
@@ -646,16 +647,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_pt_BR extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                              "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o de Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski", "PETST",
                                              "Hor\u00E1rio de Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski", "PETT"}},
             {"Asia/Karachi", PKT},
-            {"Asia/Kashgar", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Kashgar", XJT},
             {"Asia/Kathmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Katmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Khandyga", new String[] {"Hor\u00E1rio de Khandyga", "YAKT",
                                             "Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o de Khandyga", "YAKST",
                                             "Hor\u00E1rio de Khandyga", "YAKT"}},
             {"Asia/Kolkata", IST},
-            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio de Krasnoyarsk", "KRAT",
-                                               "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o de Krasnoyarsk", "KRAST",
-                                               "Hor\u00E1rio de Krasnoyarsk", "KRAT"}},
+            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Kuala_Lumpur", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuching", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuwait", ARAST},
@@ -670,7 +669,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_pt_BR extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "Hor\u00E1rio das Filipinas", "PHT"}},
             {"Asia/Muscat", GST},
             {"Asia/Nicosia", EET},
-            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", NOVT},
+            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Novosibirsk", NOVT},
             {"Asia/Oral", new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio de Uralsk", "ORAT",
                                         "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o de Uralsk", "ORAST",
@@ -696,6 +695,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_pt_BR extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Samarkand", UZT},
             {"Asia/Seoul", KST},
             {"Asia/Singapore", SGT},
+            {"Asia/Srednekolymsk", new String[] {"Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Daylight Time", "SREDT",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET"}},
             {"Asia/Taipei", CTT},
             {"Asia/Tel_Aviv", ISRAEL},
             {"Asia/Tashkent", UZT},
@@ -708,7 +710,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_pt_BR extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Ujung_Pandang", CIT},
             {"Asia/Ulaanbaatar", ULAT},
             {"Asia/Ulan_Bator", ULAT},
-            {"Asia/Urumqi", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Urumqi", XJT},
             {"Asia/Ust-Nera", new String[] {"Hor\u00E1rio de Ust-Nera", "VLAT",
                                             "Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o de Ust-Nera", "VLAST",
                                             "Hor\u00E1rio de Ust-Nera", "VLAT"}},
@@ -750,9 +752,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_pt_BR extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Australia/Canberra", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Currie", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Darwin", DARWIN},
-            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"Fuso Hor\u00E1rio Ocidental Central (Austr\u00E1lia)", "CWST",
-                                              "Fuso Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o Ocidental Central (Austr\u00E1lia)", "CWST",
-                                              "Hor\u00E1rio Ocidental Central (Austr\u00E1lia)", "CWT"}},
+            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"Fuso Hor\u00E1rio Ocidental Central (Austr\u00E1lia)", "ACWST",
+                                              "Fuso Hor\u00E1rio de Ver\u00E3o Ocidental Central (Austr\u00E1lia)", "ACWDT",
+                                              "Hor\u00E1rio Ocidental Central (Austr\u00E1lia)", "ACWT"}},
             {"Australia/Hobart", TASMANIA},
             {"Australia/LHI", LORD_HOWE},
             {"Australia/Lindeman", BRISBANE},
@@ -818,7 +820,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_pt_BR extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Isle_of_Man", GMTBST},
             {"Europe/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Europe/Jersey", GMTBST},
-            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", FET},
+            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", EET},
             {"Europe/Kiev", EET},
             {"Europe/Lisbon", WET},
             {"Europe/Ljubljana", CET},
@@ -853,9 +855,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_pt_BR extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Vatican", CET},
             {"Europe/Vienna", CET},
             {"Europe/Vilnius", EET},
-            {"Europe/Volgograd", new String[] {"Fuso hor\u00e1rio de Volgogrado", "VOLT",
-                                               "Fuso hor\u00e1rio de ver\u00e3o de Volgogrado", "VOLST",
-                                               "Hor\u00E1rio de Volgogrado", "VOLT"}},
+            {"Europe/Volgograd", MSK},
             {"Europe/Warsaw", CET},
             {"Europe/Zagreb", CET},
             {"Europe/Zaporozhye", EET},
diff --git a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/sv/TimeZoneNames_sv.java b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/sv/TimeZoneNames_sv.java
index dd509e15142..ab28e0054a0 100644
--- a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/sv/TimeZoneNames_sv.java
+++ b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/sv/TimeZoneNames_sv.java
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_sv extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ACT[] = new String[] {"Acre, normaltid", "ACT",
                                      "Acre, sommartid", "ACST",
                                      "Acre, normaltid", "ACT"};
-        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"Central standardtid (Sydaustralien)", "CST",
-                                          "Central sommartid (South Australia)", "CST",
-                                          "Central tid (Sydaustralien)", "CT"};
+        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"Central standardtid (Sydaustralien)", "ACST",
+                                          "Central sommartid (South Australia)", "ACDT",
+                                          "Central tid (Sydaustralien)", "ACT"};
         String AGT[] = new String[] {"Argentina, normaltid", "ART",
                                      "Argentina, sommartid", "ARST",
                                      "Argentinsk tid", "ART"};
@@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_sv extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String BDT[] = new String[] {"Bangladesh, normaltid", "BDT",
                                      "Bangladesh, sommartid", "BDST",
                                      "Bangladeshisk tid", "BDT"};
-        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"\u00D6stlig standardtid (Queensland)", "EST",
-                                          "\u00D6stlig sommartid (Queensland)", "EST",
-                                          "\u00D6stlig tid (Queensland)", "ET"};
-        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"Central standardtid (Sydaustralien/New South Wales)", "CST",
-                                             "Central sommartid (South Australia/New South Wales)", "CST",
-                                             "Central tid (Sydaustralien/New South Wales)", "CT"};
+        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"\u00D6stlig standardtid (Queensland)", "AEST",
+                                          "\u00D6stlig sommartid (Queensland)", "AEDT",
+                                          "\u00D6stlig tid (Queensland)", "AET"};
+        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"Central standardtid (Sydaustralien/New South Wales)", "ACST",
+                                             "Central sommartid (South Australia/New South Wales)", "ACDT",
+                                             "Central tid (Sydaustralien/New South Wales)", "ACT"};
         String BRT[] = new String[] {"Brasilien, normaltid", "BRT",
                                      "Brasilien, sommartid", "BRST",
                                      "Brasiliansk tid", "BRT"};
@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_sv extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String CUBA[] = new String[] {"Kuba, normaltid", "CST",
                                       "Kuba, sommartid", "CDT",
                                       "Kubansk tid", "CT"};
-        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"Central standardtid (Nordterritoriet)", "CST",
-                                        "Central sommartid (Nordterritoriet)", "CST",
-                                        "Central tid (Nordterritoriet)", "CT"};
+        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"Central standardtid (Nordterritoriet)", "ACST",
+                                        "Central sommartid (Nordterritoriet)", "ACDT",
+                                        "Central tid (Nordterritoriet)", "ACT"};
         String DUBLIN[] = new String[] {"Greenwichtid", "GMT",
                                         "Irland, sommartid", "IST",
                                         "Irl\u00E4ndsk tid", "IT"};
@@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_sv extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String EST[] = new String[] {"Eastern, normaltid", "EST",
                                      "Eastern, sommartid", "EDT",
                                      "\u00D6stlig tid", "ET"};
-        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"\u00D6stlig standardtid (New South Wales)", "EST",
-                                         "\u00D6stlig sommartid (New South Wales)", "EST",
-                                         "\u00D6stlig tid (New South Wales)", "ET"};
+        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"\u00D6stlig standardtid (New South Wales)", "AEST",
+                                         "\u00D6stlig sommartid (New South Wales)", "AEDT",
+                                         "\u00D6stlig tid (New South Wales)", "AET"};
         String FET[] = new String[] {"Kaliningradtid", "FET",
                                      "\u00D6steuropeisk sommartid", "FEST",
                                      "Kaliningradtid", "FET"};
@@ -165,6 +165,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_sv extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ICT[] = new String[] {"Indokinesisk tid", "ICT",
                                      "Indokinesisk sommartid", "ICST",
                                      "Indokinesisk tid", "ICT"};
+        String IRKT[] = new String[] {"Irkutsk, normaltid", "IRKT",
+                                      "Irkutsk, sommartid", "IRKST",
+                                      "Irkutsk-tid", "IRKT"};
         String IRT[] = new String[] {"Iran, normaltid", "IRST",
                                      "Iran, sommartid", "IRDT",
                                      "Iransk tid", "IRT"};
@@ -177,11 +180,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_sv extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String JST[] = new String[] {"Japan, normaltid", "JST",
                                      "Japan, sommartid", "JDT",
                                      "Japansk tid", "JT"};
+        String KRAT[] = new String[] {"Krasnojarsk, normaltid", "KRAT",
+                                      "Krasnojarsk, sommartid", "KRAST",
+                                      "Krasnojarsk-tid", "KRAT"};
         String KST[] = new String[] {"Korea, normaltid", "KST",
                                      "Korea, sommartid", "KDT",
                                      "Koreansk tid", "KT"};
         String LORD_HOWE[] = new String[] {"Lord Howe, normaltid", "LHST",
-                                           "Lord Howe, sommartid", "LHST",
+                                           "Lord Howe, sommartid", "LHDT",
                                            "Lord Howe-tid", "LHT"};
         String MHT[] = new String[] {"Marshall\u00f6arna, normaltid", "MHT",
                                      "Marshall\u00f6arna, sommartid", "MHST",
@@ -231,20 +237,15 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_sv extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String SGT[] = new String[] {"Singapore, normaltid", "SGT",
                                      "Singapore, sommartid", "SGST",
                                      "Singapore-tid", "SGT"};
-        String SLST[] = new String[] {"Greenwichtid", "GMT",
-                                      "Sierra Leone, sommartid", "SLST",
-                                      "Sierra Leone-tid", "SLT"};
-        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"\u00D6stlig standardtid (Tasmania)", "EST",
-                                          "\u00D6stlig sommartid (Tasmanien)", "EST",
-                                          "\u00D6stlig tid (Tasmania)", "ET"};
+        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"\u00D6stlig standardtid (Tasmania)", "AEST",
+                                          "\u00D6stlig sommartid (Tasmanien)", "AEDT",
+                                          "\u00D6stlig tid (Tasmania)", "AET"};
         String TMT[] = new String[] {"Turkmenistan, normaltid", "TMT",
                                      "Turkmenistan, sommartid", "TMST",
                                      "Turkmensk tid", "TMT"};
         String ULAT[]= new String[] {"Ulaanbaatar, normaltid", "ULAT",
                                      "Ulaanbaatar, sommartid", "ULAST",
                                      "Ulaanbaatar-tid", "ULAT"};
-        String WART[] = new String[] {"V\u00e4stargentina, normaltid", "WART",
-                                      "V\u00e4stargentina, sommartid", "WARST"};
         String WAT[] = new String[] {"V\u00e4stafrikansk tid", "WAT",
                                      "V\u00e4stafrikansk sommartid", "WAST",
                                      "V\u00E4stafrikansk tid", "WAT"};
@@ -254,27 +255,30 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_sv extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String WIT[] = new String[] {"V\u00e4stindonesisk tid", "WIB",
                                      "V\u00e4stindonesisk sommartid", "WIST",
                                      "V\u00E4stindonesisk tid", "WIB"};
-        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"Western Standard Time (Australien)", "WST",
-                                         "V\u00E4stlig sommartid (Australien)", "WST",
-                                         "V\u00E4stlig tid (Australien)", "WT"};
+        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"Western Standard Time (Australien)", "AWST",
+                                         "V\u00E4stlig sommartid (Australien)", "AWDT",
+                                         "V\u00E4stlig tid (Australien)", "AWT"};
         String SAMOA[] = new String[] {"Samoa, normaltid", "SST",
                                        "Samoa, sommartid", "SDT",
                                        "Samoansk tid", "ST"};
-        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"V\u00e4stsamoansk tid", "WST",
+        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"V\u00e4stsamoansk tid", "WSST",
                                            "V\u00e4stsamoansk sommartid", "WSDT",
                                            "V\u00E4stsamoansk tid", "WST"};
         String ChST[] = new String[] {"Chamorro, normaltid", "ChST",
                                       "Chamorro, sommartid", "ChDT",
                                       "Chamorros tid", "ChT"};
-        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"\u00D6stlig standardtid (Victoria)", "EST",
-                                          "\u00D6stlig sommartid (Victoria)", "EST",
-                                          "\u00D6stlig tid (Victoria)", "ET"};
+        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"\u00D6stlig standardtid (Victoria)", "AEST",
+                                          "\u00D6stlig sommartid (Victoria)", "AEDT",
+                                          "\u00D6stlig tid (Victoria)", "AET"};
         String UTC[] = new String[] {"Koordinerad universell tid", "UTC",
                                      "Koordinerad universell tid", "UTC",
                                      "UTC (koordinerad v\u00E4rldstid)", "UTC"};
         String UZT[] = new String[] {"Uzbekistan, normaltid", "UZT",
                                      "Uzbekistan, sommartid", "UZST",
                                      "Uzbekisk tid", "UZT"};
+        String XJT[] = new String[] {"Kina, normaltid", "XJT",
+                                     "Kina, sommartid", "XJDT",
+                                     "Kinesisk tid", "XJT"};
 
         return new Object[][] {
             {"America/Los_Angeles", PST},
@@ -336,7 +340,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_sv extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Africa/Djibouti", EAT},
             {"Africa/Douala", WAT},
             {"Africa/El_Aaiun", WET},
-            {"Africa/Freetown", SLST},
+            {"Africa/Freetown", GMT},
             {"Africa/Gaborone", CAT},
             {"Africa/Harare", CAT},
             {"Africa/Johannesburg", SAST},
@@ -437,7 +441,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_sv extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                               "V\u00e4stra Gr\u00f6nland, sommartid", "WGST",
                                               "V\u00E4stgr\u00F6nl\u00E4ndsk tid", "WGT"}},
             {"America/Goose_Bay", AST},
-            {"America/Grand_Turk", EST},
+            {"America/Grand_Turk", AST},
             {"America/Grenada", AST},
             {"America/Guadeloupe", AST},
             {"America/Guatemala", CST},
@@ -484,9 +488,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_sv extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"America/Mendoza", AGT},
             {"America/Menominee", CST},
             {"America/Merida", CST},
-            {"America/Metlakatla", new String[] {"Metlakatla, normaltid", "MeST",
-                                                 "Metlakatla, sommartid", "MeDT",
-                                                 "Metlakatla-tid", "MeT"}},
+            {"America/Metlakatla", PST},
             {"America/Mexico_City", CST},
             {"America/Miquelon", new String[] {"Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, normaltid", "PMST",
                                                "Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, sommartid", "PMDT",
@@ -612,6 +614,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_sv extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                               "Choibalsan-tid", "CHOT"}},
             {"Asia/Chongqing", CTT},
             {"Asia/Chungking", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Chita", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Colombo", IST},
             {"Asia/Dacca", BDT},
             {"Asia/Dhaka", BDT},
@@ -631,9 +634,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_sv extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Hovd", new String[] {"Hovd, normaltid", "HOVT",
                                         "Hovd, sommartid", "HOVST",
                                         "Hovd-tid", "HOVT"}},
-            {"Asia/Irkutsk", new String[] {"Irkutsk, normaltid", "IRKT",
-                                           "Irkutsk, sommartid", "IRKST",
-                                           "Irkutsk-tid", "IRKT"}},
+            {"Asia/Irkutsk", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Asia/Jakarta", WIT},
             {"Asia/Jayapura", new String[] {"\u00d6stindonesisk tid", "WIT",
@@ -646,16 +647,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_sv extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                              "Petropavlovsk-Kamtjatka, sommartid", "PETST",
                                              "Petropavlovsk-Kamtjatskij-tid", "PETT"}},
             {"Asia/Karachi", PKT},
-            {"Asia/Kashgar", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Kashgar", XJT},
             {"Asia/Kathmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Katmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Khandyga", new String[] {"Khandyga, normaltid", "YAKT",
                                             "Khandyga, sommartid", "YAKST",
                                             "Khandyga, normaltid", "YAKT"}},
             {"Asia/Kolkata", IST},
-            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", new String[] {"Krasnojarsk, normaltid", "KRAT",
-                                               "Krasnojarsk, sommartid", "KRAST",
-                                               "Krasnojarsk-tid", "KRAT"}},
+            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Kuala_Lumpur", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuching", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuwait", ARAST},
@@ -670,7 +669,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_sv extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "Filippinsk tid", "PHT"}},
             {"Asia/Muscat", GST},
             {"Asia/Nicosia", EET},
-            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", NOVT},
+            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Novosibirsk", NOVT},
             {"Asia/Oral", new String[] {"Oral, normaltid", "ORAT",
                                         "Oral, sommartid", "ORAST",
@@ -696,6 +695,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_sv extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Samarkand", UZT},
             {"Asia/Seoul", KST},
             {"Asia/Singapore", SGT},
+            {"Asia/Srednekolymsk", new String[] {"Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Daylight Time", "SREDT",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET"}},
             {"Asia/Taipei", CTT},
             {"Asia/Tel_Aviv", ISRAEL},
             {"Asia/Tashkent", UZT},
@@ -708,7 +710,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_sv extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Ujung_Pandang", CIT},
             {"Asia/Ulaanbaatar", ULAT},
             {"Asia/Ulan_Bator", ULAT},
-            {"Asia/Urumqi", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Urumqi", XJT},
             {"Asia/Ust-Nera", new String[] {"Ust-Nera, normaltid", "VLAT",
                                             "Ust-Nera, sommartid", "VLAST",
                                             "Ust-Nera, normaltid", "VLAT"}},
@@ -750,9 +752,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_sv extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Australia/Canberra", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Currie", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Darwin", DARWIN},
-            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"Central v\u00E4stlig normaltid (Australien)", "CWST",
-                                              "Central v\u00E4stlig sommartid (Australien)", "CWST",
-                                              "Central v\u00E4stlig tid (Australien)", "CWT"}},
+            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"Central v\u00E4stlig normaltid (Australien)", "ACWST",
+                                              "Central v\u00E4stlig sommartid (Australien)", "ACWDT",
+                                              "Central v\u00E4stlig tid (Australien)", "ACWT"}},
             {"Australia/Hobart", TASMANIA},
             {"Australia/LHI", LORD_HOWE},
             {"Australia/Lindeman", BRISBANE},
@@ -818,7 +820,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_sv extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Isle_of_Man", GMTBST},
             {"Europe/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Europe/Jersey", GMTBST},
-            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", FET},
+            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", EET},
             {"Europe/Kiev", EET},
             {"Europe/Lisbon", WET},
             {"Europe/Ljubljana", CET},
@@ -853,9 +855,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_sv extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Vatican", CET},
             {"Europe/Vienna", CET},
             {"Europe/Vilnius", EET},
-            {"Europe/Volgograd", new String[] {"Volgograd-tid", "VOLT",
-                                               "Volgograd, sommartid", "VOLST",
-                                               "Volgograd, normaltid", "VOLT"}},
+            {"Europe/Volgograd", MSK},
             {"Europe/Warsaw", CET},
             {"Europe/Zagreb", CET},
             {"Europe/Zaporozhye", EET},
diff --git a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/zh/TimeZoneNames_zh_CN.java b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/zh/TimeZoneNames_zh_CN.java
index e4fca385baa..c8f109aec64 100644
--- a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/zh/TimeZoneNames_zh_CN.java
+++ b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/zh/TimeZoneNames_zh_CN.java
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_CN extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ACT[] = new String[] {"Acre \u65f6\u95f4", "ACT",
                                      "Acre \u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "ACST",
                                      "Acre \u65f6\u95f4", "ACT"};
-        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"\u4E2D\u592E\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4 (\u5357\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A)", "CST",
-                                          "\u4E2D\u592E\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6 (\u5357\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A)", "CST",
-                                          "\u4E2D\u90E8\u65F6\u95F4 (\u5357\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A)", "CT"};
+        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"\u4E2D\u592E\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4 (\u5357\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A)", "ACST",
+                                          "\u4E2D\u592E\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6 (\u5357\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A)", "ACDT",
+                                          "\u4E2D\u90E8\u65F6\u95F4 (\u5357\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A)", "ACT"};
         String AGT[] = new String[] {"\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u65f6\u95f4", "ART",
                                      "\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "ARST",
                                      "\u963F\u6839\u5EF7\u65F6\u95F4", "ART"};
@@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_CN extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String BDT[] = new String[] {"\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u65f6\u95f4", "BDT",
                                      "\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "BDST",
                                      "\u5B5F\u52A0\u62C9\u65F6\u95F4", "BDT"};
-        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"\u4E1C\u90E8\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4 (\u6606\u58EB\u5170)", "EST",
-                                          "\u4E1C\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6 (\u6606\u58EB\u5170)", "EST",
-                                          "\u4E1C\u90E8\u65F6\u95F4 (\u6606\u58EB\u5170)", "ET"};
-        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"\u4E2D\u592E\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4 (\u5357\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A/\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u5C14\u65AF)", "CST",
-                                             "\u4E2D\u592E\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6 (\u5357\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A/\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u5C14\u65AF)", "CST",
-                                             "\u4E2D\u90E8\u65F6\u95F4 (\u5357\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A/\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u5C14\u65AF)", "CT"};
+        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"\u4E1C\u90E8\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4 (\u6606\u58EB\u5170)", "AEST",
+                                          "\u4E1C\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6 (\u6606\u58EB\u5170)", "AEDT",
+                                          "\u4E1C\u90E8\u65F6\u95F4 (\u6606\u58EB\u5170)", "AET"};
+        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"\u4E2D\u592E\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4 (\u5357\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A/\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u5C14\u65AF)", "ACST",
+                                             "\u4E2D\u592E\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6 (\u5357\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A/\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u5C14\u65AF)", "ACDT",
+                                             "\u4E2D\u90E8\u65F6\u95F4 (\u5357\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A/\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u5C14\u65AF)", "ACT"};
         String BRT[] = new String[] {"\u5df4\u897f\u5229\u4e9a\u65f6\u95f4", "BRT",
                                      "\u5df4\u897f\u5229\u4e9a\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "BRST",
                                      "\u5DF4\u897F\u5229\u4E9A\u65F6\u95F4", "BRT"};
@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_CN extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String CUBA[] = new String[] {"\u53e4\u5df4\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4", "CST",
                                       "\u53e4\u5df4\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "CDT",
                                       "\u53E4\u5DF4\u65F6\u95F4", "CT"};
-        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"\u4E2D\u592E\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4 (\u5317\u9886\u5730)", "CST",
-                                        "\u4E2D\u592E\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6 (\u5317\u9886\u5730)", "CST",
-                                        "\u4E2D\u90E8\u65F6\u95F4 (\u5317\u90E8\u5730\u533A)", "CT"};
+        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"\u4E2D\u592E\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4 (\u5317\u9886\u5730)", "ACST",
+                                        "\u4E2D\u592E\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6 (\u5317\u9886\u5730)", "ACDT",
+                                        "\u4E2D\u90E8\u65F6\u95F4 (\u5317\u90E8\u5730\u533A)", "ACT"};
         String DUBLIN[] = new String[] {"\u683c\u6797\u5a01\u6cbb\u65f6\u95f4", "GMT",
                                         "\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "IST",
                                         "\u7231\u5C14\u5170\u65F6\u95F4", "IT"};
@@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_CN extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String EST[] = new String[] {"\u4e1c\u90e8\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4", "EST",
                                      "\u4e1c\u90e8\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "EDT",
                                      "\u4E1C\u90E8\u65F6\u95F4", "ET"};
-        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"\u4E1C\u90E8\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4 (\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u5C14\u65AF)", "EST",
-                                         "\u4E1C\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6 (\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u5C14\u65AF)", "EST",
-                                         "\u4E1C\u90E8\u65F6\u95F4 (\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u5C14\u65AF)", "ET"};
+        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"\u4E1C\u90E8\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4 (\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u5C14\u65AF)", "AEST",
+                                         "\u4E1C\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6 (\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u5C14\u65AF)", "AEDT",
+                                         "\u4E1C\u90E8\u65F6\u95F4 (\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u5C14\u65AF)", "AET"};
         String FET[] = new String[] {"\u8FDC\u4E1C\u6B27\u65F6\u95F4", "FET",
                                      "\u8FDC\u4E1C\u6B27\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6", "FEST",
                                      "\u8FDC\u4E1C\u6B27\u65F6\u95F4", "FET"};
@@ -165,6 +165,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_CN extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ICT[] = new String[] {"\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u90a3\u65f6\u95f4", "ICT",
                                      "\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u90a3\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "ICST",
                                      "\u5370\u5EA6\u652F\u90A3\u65F6\u95F4", "ICT"};
+        String IRKT[] = new String[] {"\u4f0a\u5c14\u5e93\u6b21\u514b\u65f6\u95f4", "IRKT",
+                                      "\u4f0a\u5c14\u5e93\u6b21\u514b\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "IRKST",
+                                      "\u4F0A\u5C14\u5E93\u6B21\u514B\u65F6\u95F4", "IRKT"};
         String IRT[] = new String[] {"\u4f0a\u6717\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4", "IRST",
                                      "\u4f0a\u6717\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "IRDT",
                                      "\u4F0A\u6717\u65F6\u95F4", "IRT"};
@@ -177,11 +180,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_CN extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String JST[] = new String[] {"\u65e5\u672c\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4", "JST",
                                      "\u65e5\u672c\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "JDT",
                                      "\u65E5\u672C\u65F6\u95F4", "JT"};
+        String KRAT[] = new String[] {"\u514b\u62c9\u65af\u8bfa\u4e9a\u5c14\u65af\u514b\u65f6\u95f4", "KRAT",
+                                      "\u514b\u62c9\u65af\u8bfa\u4e9a\u5c14\u65af\u514b\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "KRAST",
+                                      "\u514B\u62C9\u65AF\u8BFA\u4E9A\u5C14\u65AF\u514B\u65F6\u95F4", "KRAT"};
         String KST[] = new String[] {"\u97e9\u56fd\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4", "KST",
                                      "\u97e9\u56fd\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "KDT",
                                      "\u97E9\u56FD\u65F6\u95F4", "KT"};
         String LORD_HOWE[] = new String[] {"\u8c6a\u516c\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4", "LHST",
-                                           "\u8c6a\u516c\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "LHST",
+                                           "\u8c6a\u516c\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "LHDT",
                                            "\u8C6A\u516C\u65F6\u95F4", "LHT"};
         String MHT[] = new String[] {"\u9a6c\u7ecd\u5c14\u7fa4\u5c9b\u65f6\u95f4", "MHT",
                                      "\u9a6c\u7ecd\u5c14\u7fa4\u5c9b\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "MHST",
@@ -231,20 +237,15 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_CN extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String SGT[] = new String[] {"\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u65f6\u95f4", "SGT",
                                      "\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "SGST",
                                      "\u65B0\u52A0\u5761\u65F6\u95F4", "SGT"};
-        String SLST[] = new String[] {"\u683c\u6797\u5a01\u6cbb\u65f6\u95f4", "GMT",
-                                      "\u585e\u62c9\u5229\u6602\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "SLST",
-                                      "\u585E\u62C9\u91CC\u6602\u65F6\u95F4", "SLT"};
-        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"\u4E1C\u90E8\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4 (\u5854\u65AF\u9A6C\u5C3C\u4E9A)", "EST",
-                                          "\u4E1C\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6 (\u5854\u65AF\u9A6C\u5C3C\u4E9A)", "EST",
-                                          "\u4E1C\u90E8\u65F6\u95F4 (\u5854\u65AF\u9A6C\u5C3C\u4E9A)", "ET"};
+        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"\u4E1C\u90E8\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4 (\u5854\u65AF\u9A6C\u5C3C\u4E9A)", "AEST",
+                                          "\u4E1C\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6 (\u5854\u65AF\u9A6C\u5C3C\u4E9A)", "AEDT",
+                                          "\u4E1C\u90E8\u65F6\u95F4 (\u5854\u65AF\u9A6C\u5C3C\u4E9A)", "AET"};
         String TMT[] = new String[] {"\u571f\u5e93\u66fc\u65f6\u95f4", "TMT",
                                      "\u571f\u5e93\u66fc\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "TMST",
                                      "\u571F\u5E93\u66FC\u65F6\u95F4", "TMT"};
         String ULAT[]= new String[] {"\u5e93\u4f26\u65f6\u95f4", "ULAT",
                                      "\u5e93\u4f26\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "ULAST",
                                      "\u5E93\u4F26\u65F6\u95F4", "ULAT"};
-        String WART[] = new String[] {"\u897f\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u65f6\u95f4", "WART",
-                                      "\u897f\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "WARST"};
         String WAT[] = new String[] {"\u897f\u975e\u65f6\u95f4", "WAT",
                                      "\u897f\u975e\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "WAST",
                                      "\u897F\u975E\u65F6\u95F4", "WAT"};
@@ -254,27 +255,30 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_CN extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String WIT[] = new String[] {"\u897f\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u65f6\u95f4", "WIB",
                                      "\u897f\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "WIST",
                                      "\u897F\u5370\u5EA6\u5C3C\u897F\u4E9A\u65F6\u95F4", "WIB"};
-        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"\u897F\u90E8\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A)", "WST",
-                                         "\u897F\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A)", "WST",
-                                         "\u897F\u90E8\u65F6\u95F4 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A)", "WT"};
+        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"\u897F\u90E8\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A)", "AWST",
+                                         "\u897F\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A)", "AWDT",
+                                         "\u897F\u90E8\u65F6\u95F4 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A)", "AWT"};
         String SAMOA[] = new String[] {"\u8428\u6469\u4e9a\u7fa4\u5c9b\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4", "SST",
                                        "\u8428\u6469\u4e9a\u7fa4\u5c9b\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "SDT",
                                        "\u8428\u6469\u4E9A\u65F6\u95F4", "ST"};
-        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"\u897f\u8428\u6469\u4e9a\u65f6\u95f4", "WST",
+        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"\u897f\u8428\u6469\u4e9a\u65f6\u95f4", "WSST",
                                            "\u897f\u8428\u6469\u4e9a\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "WSDT",
                                            "\u897F\u8428\u6469\u4E9A\u65F6\u95F4", "WST"};
         String ChST[] = new String[] {"Chamorro \u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4", "ChST",
                                       "Chamorro \u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "ChDT",
                                       "\u67E5\u6469\u6D1B\u65F6\u95F4", "ChT"};
-        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"\u4E1C\u90E8\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4 (\u7EF4\u591A\u5229\u4E9A)", "EST",
-                                          "\u4E1C\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6 (\u7EF4\u591A\u5229\u4E9A)", "EST",
-                                          "\u4E1C\u90E8\u65F6\u95F4 (\u7EF4\u591A\u5229\u4E9A)", "ET"};
+        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"\u4E1C\u90E8\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4 (\u7EF4\u591A\u5229\u4E9A)", "AEST",
+                                          "\u4E1C\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6 (\u7EF4\u591A\u5229\u4E9A)", "AEDT",
+                                          "\u4E1C\u90E8\u65F6\u95F4 (\u7EF4\u591A\u5229\u4E9A)", "AET"};
         String UTC[] = new String[] {"\u534f\u8c03\u4e16\u754c\u65f6\u95f4", "UTC",
                                      "\u534f\u8c03\u4e16\u754c\u65f6\u95f4", "UTC",
                                      "\u534F\u8C03\u4E16\u754C\u65F6\u95F4", "UTC"};
         String UZT[] = new String[] {"\u4e4c\u5179\u522b\u514b\u65af\u5766\u65f6\u95f4", "UZT",
                                      "\u4e4c\u5179\u522b\u514b\u65af\u5766\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "UZST",
                                      "\u4E4C\u5179\u522B\u514B\u65AF\u5766\u65F6\u95F4", "UZT"};
+        String XJT[] = new String[] {"\u4e2d\u56fd\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4", "XJT",
+                                     "\u4e2d\u56fd\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "XJDT",
+                                     "\u4E2D\u56FD\u65F6\u95F4", "XJT"};
 
         return new Object[][] {
             {"America/Los_Angeles", PST},
@@ -336,7 +340,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_CN extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Africa/Djibouti", EAT},
             {"Africa/Douala", WAT},
             {"Africa/El_Aaiun", WET},
-            {"Africa/Freetown", SLST},
+            {"Africa/Freetown", GMT},
             {"Africa/Gaborone", CAT},
             {"Africa/Harare", CAT},
             {"Africa/Johannesburg", SAST},
@@ -437,7 +441,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_CN extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                               "\u897f\u683c\u6797\u5170\u5c9b\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "WGST",
                                               "\u897F\u683C\u6797\u5170\u5C9B\u65F6\u95F4", "WGT"}},
             {"America/Goose_Bay", AST},
-            {"America/Grand_Turk", EST},
+            {"America/Grand_Turk", AST},
             {"America/Grenada", AST},
             {"America/Guadeloupe", AST},
             {"America/Guatemala", CST},
@@ -484,9 +488,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_CN extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"America/Mendoza", AGT},
             {"America/Menominee", CST},
             {"America/Merida", CST},
-            {"America/Metlakatla", new String[] {"\u6885\u7279\u62C9\u5361\u7279\u62C9\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4", "MeST",
-                                                 "\u6885\u7279\u62C9\u5361\u7279\u62C9\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6", "MeDT",
-                                                 "\u6885\u7279\u62C9\u5361\u7279\u62C9\u65F6\u95F4", "MeT"}},
+            {"America/Metlakatla", PST},
             {"America/Mexico_City", CST},
             {"America/Miquelon", new String[] {"\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u5c9b\u53ca\u5bc6\u514b\u9686\u5c9b\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u95f4", "PMST",
                                                "\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u5c9b\u53ca\u5bc6\u514b\u9686\u5c9b\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "PMDT",
@@ -607,6 +609,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_CN extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "\u6587\u83b1\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "BNST",
                                           "\u6587\u83B1\u65F6\u95F4", "BNT"}},
             {"Asia/Calcutta", IST},
+            {"Asia/Chita", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Choibalsan", new String[] {"Choibalsan \u65f6\u95f4", "CHOT",
                                               "Choibalsan \u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "CHOST",
                                               "Choibalsan \u65F6\u95F4", "CHOT"}},
@@ -631,9 +634,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_CN extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Hovd", new String[] {"\u79d1\u5e03\u591a\u65f6\u95f4", "HOVT",
                                         "\u79d1\u5e03\u591a\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "HOVST",
                                         "\u79D1\u5E03\u591A\u65F6\u95F4", "HOVT"}},
-            {"Asia/Irkutsk", new String[] {"\u4f0a\u5c14\u5e93\u6b21\u514b\u65f6\u95f4", "IRKT",
-                                           "\u4f0a\u5c14\u5e93\u6b21\u514b\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "IRKST",
-                                           "\u4F0A\u5C14\u5E93\u6B21\u514B\u65F6\u95F4", "IRKT"}},
+            {"Asia/Irkutsk", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Asia/Jakarta", WIT},
             {"Asia/Jayapura", new String[] {"\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u65f6\u95f4", "WIT",
@@ -646,16 +647,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_CN extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                              "\u5f7c\u5f97\u7f57\u5df4\u752b\u6d1b\u592b\u65af\u514b\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "PETST",
                                              "\u5F7C\u5F97\u7F57\u5DF4\u752B\u6D1B\u592B\u65AF\u514B\u65F6\u95F4", "PETT"}},
             {"Asia/Karachi", PKT},
-            {"Asia/Kashgar", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Kashgar", XJT},
             {"Asia/Kathmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Katmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Khandyga", new String[] {"\u6C49\u5FB7\u52A0\u65F6\u95F4", "YAKT",
                                             "\u6C49\u5FB7\u52A0\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6", "YAKST",
                                             "\u6C49\u5FB7\u52A0\u65F6\u95F4", "YAKT"}},
             {"Asia/Kolkata", IST},
-            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", new String[] {"\u514b\u62c9\u65af\u8bfa\u4e9a\u5c14\u65af\u514b\u65f6\u95f4", "KRAT",
-                                               "\u514b\u62c9\u65af\u8bfa\u4e9a\u5c14\u65af\u514b\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "KRAST",
-                                               "\u514B\u62C9\u65AF\u8BFA\u4E9A\u5C14\u65AF\u514B\u65F6\u95F4", "KRAT"}},
+            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Kuala_Lumpur", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuching", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuwait", ARAST},
@@ -670,7 +669,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_CN extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "\u83F2\u5F8B\u5BBE\u65F6\u95F4", "PHT"}},
             {"Asia/Muscat", GST},
             {"Asia/Nicosia", EET},
-            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", NOVT},
+            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Novosibirsk", NOVT},
             {"Asia/Oral", new String[] {"Oral \u65f6\u95f4", "ORAT",
                                         "Oral \u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "ORAST",
@@ -696,6 +695,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_CN extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Samarkand", UZT},
             {"Asia/Seoul", KST},
             {"Asia/Singapore", SGT},
+            {"Asia/Srednekolymsk", new String[] {"Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Daylight Time", "SREDT",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET"}},
             {"Asia/Taipei", CTT},
             {"Asia/Tel_Aviv", ISRAEL},
             {"Asia/Tashkent", UZT},
@@ -708,7 +710,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_CN extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Ujung_Pandang", CIT},
             {"Asia/Ulaanbaatar", ULAT},
             {"Asia/Ulan_Bator", ULAT},
-            {"Asia/Urumqi", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Urumqi", XJT},
             {"Asia/Ust-Nera", new String[] {"\u4E4C\u65AF\u5B63\u6D85\u62C9\u65F6\u95F4", "VLAT",
                                             "\u4E4C\u65AF\u5B63\u6D85\u62C9\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6", "VLAST",
                                             "\u4E4C\u65AF\u5B63\u6D85\u62C9\u65F6\u95F4", "VLAT"}},
@@ -750,9 +752,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_CN extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Australia/Canberra", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Currie", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Darwin", DARWIN},
-            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"\u4E2D\u897F\u90E8\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A)", "CWST",
-                                              "\u4E2D\u897F\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A)", "CWST",
-                                              "\u4E2D\u897F\u90E8\u65F6\u95F4 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A)", "CWT"}},
+            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"\u4E2D\u897F\u90E8\u6807\u51C6\u65F6\u95F4 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A)", "ACWST",
+                                              "\u4E2D\u897F\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u65F6 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A)", "ACWDT",
+                                              "\u4E2D\u897F\u90E8\u65F6\u95F4 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9A)", "ACWT"}},
             {"Australia/Hobart", TASMANIA},
             {"Australia/LHI", LORD_HOWE},
             {"Australia/Lindeman", BRISBANE},
@@ -818,7 +820,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_CN extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Isle_of_Man", GMTBST},
             {"Europe/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Europe/Jersey", GMTBST},
-            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", FET},
+            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", EET},
             {"Europe/Kiev", EET},
             {"Europe/Lisbon", WET},
             {"Europe/Ljubljana", CET},
@@ -853,9 +855,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_CN extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Vatican", CET},
             {"Europe/Vienna", CET},
             {"Europe/Vilnius", EET},
-            {"Europe/Volgograd", new String[] {"\u4f0f\u5c14\u52a0\u683c\u52d2\u65f6\u95f4", "VOLT",
-                                               "\u4f0f\u5c14\u52a0\u683c\u52d2\u590f\u4ee4\u65f6", "VOLST",
-                                               "\u4F0F\u5C14\u52A0\u683C\u52D2\u65F6\u95F4", "VOLT"}},
+            {"Europe/Volgograd", MSK},
             {"Europe/Warsaw", CET},
             {"Europe/Zagreb", CET},
             {"Europe/Zaporozhye", EET},
diff --git a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/zh/TimeZoneNames_zh_TW.java b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/zh/TimeZoneNames_zh_TW.java
index 20cfa231737..696b571ddc3 100644
--- a/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/zh/TimeZoneNames_zh_TW.java
+++ b/jdk/src/jdk.localedata/share/classes/sun/util/resources/zh/TimeZoneNames_zh_TW.java
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_TW extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ACT[] = new String[] {"Acre \u6642\u9593", "ACT",
                                      "Acre \u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "ACST",
                                      "Acre \u6642\u9593", "ACT"};
-        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"\u4E2D\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E\u5357\u90E8)", "CST",
-                                          "\u4E2D\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E\u5357\u5340)", "CST",
-                                          "\u4E2D\u90E8\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E\u5357\u90E8)", "CT"};
+        String ADELAIDE[] = new String[] {"\u4E2D\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E\u5357\u90E8)", "ACST",
+                                          "\u4E2D\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E\u5357\u5340)", "ACDT",
+                                          "\u4E2D\u90E8\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E\u5357\u90E8)", "ACT"};
         String AGT[] = new String[] {"\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u6642\u9593", "ART",
                                      "\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "ARST",
                                      "\u963F\u6839\u5EF7\u6642\u9593", "ART"};
@@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_TW extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String BDT[] = new String[] {"\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u6642\u9593", "BDT",
                                      "\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "BDST",
                                      "\u5B5F\u52A0\u62C9\u6642\u9593", "BDT"};
-        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642\u9593 (\u6606\u58EB\u862D)", "EST",
-                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593 (\u6606\u58EB\u862D)", "EST",
-                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u6642\u9593 (\u6606\u58EB\u862D)", "ET"};
-        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"\u4E2D\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E\u5357\u5340/\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u723E\u65AF)", "CST",
-                                             "\u4E2D\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E\u5357\u5340/\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u723E\u65AF)", "CST",
-                                             "\u4E2D\u90E8\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E\u5357\u90E8/\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u723E\u65AF)", "CT"};
+        String BRISBANE[] = new String[] {"\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642\u9593 (\u6606\u58EB\u862D)", "AEST",
+                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593 (\u6606\u58EB\u862D)", "AEDT",
+                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u6642\u9593 (\u6606\u58EB\u862D)", "AET"};
+        String BROKEN_HILL[] = new String[] {"\u4E2D\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E\u5357\u5340/\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u723E\u65AF)", "ACST",
+                                             "\u4E2D\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E\u5357\u5340/\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u723E\u65AF)", "ACDT",
+                                             "\u4E2D\u90E8\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E\u5357\u90E8/\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u723E\u65AF)", "ACT"};
         String BRT[] = new String[] {"\u5df4\u897f\u5229\u4e9e\u6642\u9593", "BRT",
                                      "\u5df4\u897f\u5229\u4e9e\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "BRST",
                                      "\u5DF4\u897F\u5229\u4E9E\u6642\u9593", "BRT"};
@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_TW extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String CUBA[] = new String[] {"\u53e4\u5df4\u6a19\u6e96\u6642\u9593", "CST",
                                       "\u53e4\u5df4\u65e5\u5149\u7bc0\u7d04\u6642\u9593", "CDT",
                                       "\u53E4\u5DF4\u6642\u9593", "CT"};
-        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"\u4E2D\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642\u9593 (\u5317\u90E8\u5404\u5730\u5340)", "CST",
-                                        "\u4E2D\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593 (\u5317\u90E8\u5404\u5730\u5340)", "CST",
-                                        "\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E\u4E2D\u90E8\u6642\u9593 (\u5317\u65B9\u5340\u57DF)", "CT"};
+        String DARWIN[] = new String[] {"\u4E2D\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642\u9593 (\u5317\u90E8\u5404\u5730\u5340)", "ACST",
+                                        "\u4E2D\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593 (\u5317\u90E8\u5404\u5730\u5340)", "ACDT",
+                                        "\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E\u4E2D\u90E8\u6642\u9593 (\u5317\u65B9\u5340\u57DF)", "ACT"};
         String DUBLIN[] = new String[] {"\u683c\u6797\u5a01\u6cbb\u5e73\u5747\u6642\u9593", "GMT",
                                         "\u611b\u723e\u862d\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "IST",
                                         "\u611B\u723E\u862D\u6587\u6642\u9593", "IT"};
@@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_TW extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String EST[] = new String[] {"\u6771\u65b9\u6a19\u6e96\u6642\u9593", "EST",
                                      "\u6771\u65b9\u65e5\u5149\u7bc0\u7d04\u6642\u9593", "EDT",
                                      "\u7F8E\u570B\u6771\u90E8\u6642\u9593", "ET"};
-        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642\u9593 (\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u723E\u65AF)", "EST",
-                                         "\u6771\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593 (\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u723E\u65AF)", "EST",
-                                         "\u6771\u90E8\u6642\u9593 (\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u723E\u65AF)", "ET"};
+        String EST_NSW[] = new String[] {"\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642\u9593 (\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u723E\u65AF)", "AEST",
+                                         "\u6771\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593 (\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u723E\u65AF)", "AEDT",
+                                         "\u6771\u90E8\u6642\u9593 (\u65B0\u5357\u5A01\u723E\u65AF)", "AET"};
         String FET[] = new String[] {"\u6771\u6B50\u5167\u9678\u6642\u9593", "FET",
                                      "\u6771\u6B50\u5167\u9678\u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593", "FEST",
                                      "\u6771\u6B50\u5167\u9678\u6642\u9593", "FET"};
@@ -165,6 +165,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_TW extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String ICT[] = new String[] {"\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u90a3\u6642\u9593", "ICT",
                                      "\u5370\u5ea6\u652f\u90a3\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "ICST",
                                      "\u5370\u5EA6\u652F\u90A3\u6642\u9593", "ICT"};
+        String IRKT[] = new String[] {"Irkutsk \u6642\u9593", "IRKT",
+                                      "Irkutsk \u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "IRKST",
+                                      "\u4F0A\u723E\u5EAB\u6B21\u514B\u6642\u9593", "IRKT"};
         String IRT[] = new String[] {"\u4f0a\u6717\u6a19\u6e96\u6642\u9593", "IRST",
                                      "\u4f0a\u6717\u65e5\u5149\u7bc0\u7d04\u6642\u9593", "IRDT",
                                      "\u4F0A\u6717\u6642\u9593", "IRT"};
@@ -177,11 +180,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_TW extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String JST[] = new String[] {"\u65e5\u672c\u6a19\u6e96\u6642\u9593", "JST",
                                      "\u65e5\u672c\u65e5\u5149\u7bc0\u7d04\u6642\u9593", "JDT",
                                      "\u65E5\u672C\u6642\u9593", "JT"};
+        String KRAT[] = new String[] {"\u514b\u62c9\u65af\u8afe\u4e9e\u723e\u65af\u514b\u6642\u9593", "KRAT",
+                                      "\u514b\u62c9\u65af\u8afe\u4e9e\u723e\u65af\u514b\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "KRAST",
+                                      "\u514B\u62C9\u65AF\u8AFE\u4E9E\u723E\u65AF\u514B\u6642\u9593", "KRAT"};
         String KST[] = new String[] {"\u97d3\u570b\u6a19\u6e96\u6642\u9593", "KST",
                                      "\u97d3\u570b\u65e5\u5149\u7bc0\u7d04\u6642\u9593", "KDT",
                                      "\u97D3\u570B\u6642\u9593", "KT"};
         String LORD_HOWE[] = new String[] {"\u8c6a\u52f3\u7235\u5cf6\u6a19\u6e96\u6642\u9593", "LHST",
-                                           "\u8c6a\u52f3\u7235\u5cf6\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "LHST",
+                                           "\u8c6a\u52f3\u7235\u5cf6\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "LHDT",
                                            "\u8C6A\u52F3\u7235\u5CF6\u6642\u9593", "LHT"};
         String MHT[] = new String[] {"\u99ac\u7d39\u723e\u7fa4\u5cf6\u6642\u9593", "MHT",
                                      "\u99ac\u7d39\u723e\u7fa4\u5cf6\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "MHST",
@@ -231,20 +237,15 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_TW extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String SGT[] = new String[] {"\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u6642\u9593", "SGT",
                                      "\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "SGST",
                                      "\u65B0\u52A0\u5761\u6642\u9593", "SGT"};
-        String SLST[] = new String[] {"\u683c\u6797\u5a01\u6cbb\u5e73\u5747\u6642\u9593", "GMT",
-                                      "\u7345\u5b50\u5c71\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "SLST",
-                                      "\u7345\u5B50\u5C71\u6642\u9593", "SLT"};
-        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642\u9593 (\u5854\u65AF\u6885\u5C3C\u4E9E\u5CF6)", "EST",
-                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593 (\u5854\u65AF\u6885\u5C3C\u4E9E\u5CF6)", "EST",
-                                          "\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E\u6771\u90E8\u6642\u9593 (\u5854\u65AF\u99AC\u5C3C\u4E9E\u5CF6)", "ET"};
+        String TASMANIA[] = new String[] {"\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642\u9593 (\u5854\u65AF\u6885\u5C3C\u4E9E\u5CF6)", "AEST",
+                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593 (\u5854\u65AF\u6885\u5C3C\u4E9E\u5CF6)", "AEDT",
+                                          "\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E\u6771\u90E8\u6642\u9593 (\u5854\u65AF\u99AC\u5C3C\u4E9E\u5CF6)", "AET"};
         String TMT[] = new String[] {"\u571f\u5eab\u66fc\u6642\u9593", "TMT",
                                      "\u571f\u5eab\u66fc\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "TMST",
                                      "\u571F\u5EAB\u66FC\u6642\u9593", "TMT"};
         String ULAT[]= new String[] {"\u5eab\u502b\u6642\u9593", "ULAT",
                                      "\u5eab\u502b\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "ULAST",
                                      "\u5EAB\u502B\u6642\u9593", "ULAT"};
-          String WART[] = new String[] {"\u897f\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u6642\u9593", "WART",
-                                      "\u897f\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "WARST"};
         String WAT[] = new String[] {"\u897f\u975e\u6642\u9593", "WAT",
                                      "\u897f\u975e\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "WAST",
                                      "\u897F\u975E\u6642\u9593", "WAT"};
@@ -254,27 +255,30 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_TW extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
         String WIT[] = new String[] {"\u897f\u5370\u5c3c\u6642\u9593", "WIB",
                                      "\u897f\u5370\u5c3c\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "WIST",
                                      "\u897F\u5370\u5C3C\u6642\u9593", "WIB"};
-        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"\u897F\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E)", "WST",
-                                         "\u897F\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E)", "WST",
-                                         "\u897F\u90E8\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E)", "WT"};
+        String WST_AUS[] = new String[] {"\u897F\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E)", "AWST",
+                                         "\u897F\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E)", "AWDT",
+                                         "\u897F\u90E8\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E)", "AWT"};
         String SAMOA[] = new String[] {"\u85a9\u6469\u4e9e\u6a19\u6e96\u6642\u9593", "SST",
                                        "\u85a9\u6469\u4e9e\u65e5\u5149\u7bc0\u7d04\u6642\u9593", "SDT",
                                        "\u85A9\u6469\u4E9E\u6642\u9593", "ST"};
-        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"\u897f\u85a9\u6469\u4e9e\u6642\u9593", "WST",
+        String WST_SAMOA[] = new String[] {"\u897f\u85a9\u6469\u4e9e\u6642\u9593", "WSST",
                                            "\u897f\u85a9\u6469\u4e9e\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "WSDT",
                                            "\u897F\u85A9\u6469\u4E9E\u6642\u9593", "WST"};
         String ChST[] = new String[] {"\u67e5\u83ab\u6d1b\u6a19\u6e96\u6642\u9593", "ChST",
                                      "\u67e5\u83ab\u6d1b\u65e5\u5149\u7bc0\u7d04\u6642\u9593", "ChDT",
                                      "\u67E5\u83AB\u7F85\u6642\u9593", "ChT"};
-        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642\u9593 (\u7DAD\u591A\u5229\u4E9E\u90A6)", "EST",
-                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593 (\u7DAD\u591A\u5229\u4E9E\u90A6)", "EST",
-                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u6642\u9593 (\u7DAD\u591A\u5229\u4E9E)", "ET"};
+        String VICTORIA[] = new String[] {"\u6771\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642\u9593 (\u7DAD\u591A\u5229\u4E9E\u90A6)", "AEST",
+                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593 (\u7DAD\u591A\u5229\u4E9E\u90A6)", "AEDT",
+                                          "\u6771\u90E8\u6642\u9593 (\u7DAD\u591A\u5229\u4E9E)", "AET"};
         String UTC[] = new String[] {"\u5354\u8abf\u4e16\u754c\u6642\u9593", "UTC",
                                      "\u5354\u8abf\u4e16\u754c\u6642\u9593", "UTC",
                                      "\u5354\u8ABF\u4E16\u754C\u6642\u9593", "UTC"};
         String UZT[] = new String[] {"\u70cf\u8332\u5225\u514b\u65af\u5766\u6642\u9593", "UZT",
                                      "\u70cf\u8332\u5225\u514b\u65af\u5766\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "UZST",
                                      "\u70CF\u8332\u5225\u514B\u65AF\u5766\u6642\u9593", "UZT"};
+        String XJT[] = new String[] {"\u4e2d\u570b\u6a19\u6e96\u6642\u9593", "XJT",
+                                     "\u4e2d\u570b\u65e5\u5149\u7bc0\u7d04\u6642\u9593", "XJDT",
+                                     "\u4E2D\u570B\u6642\u9593", "XJT"};
 
         return new Object[][] {
             {"America/Los_Angeles", PST},
@@ -336,7 +340,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_TW extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Africa/Djibouti", EAT},
             {"Africa/Douala", WAT},
             {"Africa/El_Aaiun", WET},
-            {"Africa/Freetown", SLST},
+            {"Africa/Freetown", GMT},
             {"Africa/Gaborone", CAT},
             {"Africa/Harare", CAT},
             {"Africa/Johannesburg", SAST},
@@ -437,7 +441,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_TW extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                               "\u897f\u683c\u6797\u862d\u5cf6\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "WGST",
                                               "\u897F\u683C\u9675\u862D\u6642\u9593", "WGT"}},
             {"America/Goose_Bay", AST},
-            {"America/Grand_Turk", EST},
+            {"America/Grand_Turk", AST},
             {"America/Grenada", AST},
             {"America/Guadeloupe", AST},
             {"America/Guatemala", CST},
@@ -484,9 +488,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_TW extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"America/Mendoza", AGT},
             {"America/Menominee", CST},
             {"America/Merida", CST},
-            {"America/Metlakatla", new String[] {"\u6885\u7279\u62C9\u5361\u7279\u62C9\u6A19\u6E96\u6642\u9593", "MeST",
-                                                 "\u6885\u7279\u62C9\u5361\u7279\u62C9\u65E5\u5149\u7BC0\u7D04\u6642\u9593", "MeDT",
-                                                 "\u6885\u7279\u62C9\u5361\u7279\u62C9\u6642\u9593", "MeT"}},
+            {"America/Metlakatla", PST},
             {"America/Mexico_City", CST},
             {"America/Miquelon", new String[] {"\u76ae\u57c3\u723e\u5cf6\u53ca\u5bc6\u514b\u9686\u5cf6\u6a19\u6e96\u6642\u9593", "PMST",
                                                "\u76ae\u57c3\u723e\u5cf6\u53ca\u5bc6\u514b\u9686\u5cf6\u65e5\u5149\u7bc0\u7d04\u6642\u9593", "PMDT",
@@ -607,6 +609,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_TW extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "\u6c76\u840a\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "BNST",
                                           "\u6C76\u840A\u6642\u9593", "BNT"}},
             {"Asia/Calcutta", IST},
+            {"Asia/Chita", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Choibalsan", new String[] {"\u5de7\u5df4\u5c71 (Choibalsan) \u6642\u9593", "CHOT",
                                               "\u5de7\u5df4\u5c71 (Choibalsan) \u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "CHOST",
                                               "\u5DE7\u5DF4\u5C71 (Choibalsan) \u6642\u9593", "CHOT"}},
@@ -631,9 +634,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_TW extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Hovd", new String[] {"\u4faf\u5fb7 (Hovd) \u6642\u9593", "HOVT",
                                         "\u4faf\u5fb7 (Hovd) \u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "HOVST",
                                         "\u4FAF\u5FB7 (Hovd) \u6642\u9593", "HOVT"}},
-            {"Asia/Irkutsk", new String[] {"Irkutsk \u6642\u9593", "IRKT",
-                                           "Irkutsk \u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "IRKST",
-                                           "\u4F0A\u723E\u5EAB\u6B21\u514B\u6642\u9593", "IRKT"}},
+            {"Asia/Irkutsk", IRKT},
             {"Asia/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Asia/Jakarta", WIT},
             {"Asia/Jayapura", new String[] {"\u6771\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9e\u6642\u9593", "WIT",
@@ -646,16 +647,14 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_TW extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                              "Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski \u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "PETST",
                                              "Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski \u6642\u9593", "PETT"}},
             {"Asia/Karachi", PKT},
-            {"Asia/Kashgar", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Kashgar", XJT},
             {"Asia/Kathmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Katmandu", NPT},
             {"Asia/Khandyga", new String[] {"\u6F22\u5730\u52A0 (Khandyga) \u6642\u9593", "YAKT",
                                             "\u6F22\u5730\u52A0 (Khandyga) \u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593", "YAKST",
                                             "\u6F22\u5730\u52A0 (Khandyga) \u6642\u9593", "YAKT"}},
             {"Asia/Kolkata", IST},
-            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", new String[] {"\u514b\u62c9\u65af\u8afe\u4e9e\u723e\u65af\u514b\u6642\u9593", "KRAT",
-                                               "\u514b\u62c9\u65af\u8afe\u4e9e\u723e\u65af\u514b\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "KRAST",
-                                               "\u514B\u62C9\u65AF\u8AFE\u4E9E\u723E\u65AF\u514B\u6642\u9593", "KRAT"}},
+            {"Asia/Krasnoyarsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Kuala_Lumpur", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuching", MYT},
             {"Asia/Kuwait", ARAST},
@@ -670,7 +669,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_TW extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
                                           "\u83F2\u5F8B\u8CD3\u6642\u9593", "PHT"}},
             {"Asia/Muscat", GST},
             {"Asia/Nicosia", EET},
-            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", NOVT},
+            {"Asia/Novokuznetsk", KRAT},
             {"Asia/Novosibirsk", NOVT},
             {"Asia/Oral", new String[] {"\u6b50\u4f5b\u6642\u9593", "ORAT",
                                         "\u6b50\u4f5b\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "ORAST",
@@ -696,6 +695,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_TW extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Samarkand", UZT},
             {"Asia/Seoul", KST},
             {"Asia/Singapore", SGT},
+            {"Asia/Srednekolymsk", new String[] {"Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Daylight Time", "SREDT",
+                                                 "Srednekolymsk Time", "SRET"}},
             {"Asia/Taipei", new String[] {"\u53f0\u7063\u6a19\u6e96\u6642\u9593", "TST",
                                           "\u53f0\u7063\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "TDT",
                                           "\u53f0\u7063\u6642\u9593", "TT"}},
@@ -710,7 +712,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_TW extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Asia/Ujung_Pandang", CIT},
             {"Asia/Ulaanbaatar", ULAT},
             {"Asia/Ulan_Bator", ULAT},
-            {"Asia/Urumqi", CTT},
+            {"Asia/Urumqi", XJT},
             {"Asia/Ust-Nera", new String[] {"\u70CF\u65AF\u5167\u62C9 (Ust-Nera) \u6642\u9593", "VLAT",
                                             "\u70CF\u65AF\u5167\u62C9 (Ust-Nera) \u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593", "VLAST",
                                             "\u70CF\u65AF\u5167\u62C9 (Ust-Nera) \u6642\u9593", "VLAT"}},
@@ -752,9 +754,9 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_TW extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Australia/Canberra", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Currie", EST_NSW},
             {"Australia/Darwin", DARWIN},
-            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"\u4E2D\u897F\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E)", "CWST",
-                                              "\u4E2D\u897F\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E)", "CWST",
-                                              "\u4E2D\u897F\u90E8\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E)", "CWT"}},
+            {"Australia/Eucla", new String[] {"\u4E2D\u897F\u90E8\u6A19\u6E96\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E)", "ACWST",
+                                              "\u4E2D\u897F\u90E8\u590F\u4EE4\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E)", "ACWDT",
+                                              "\u4E2D\u897F\u90E8\u6642\u9593 (\u6FB3\u5927\u5229\u4E9E)", "ACWT"}},
             {"Australia/Hobart", TASMANIA},
             {"Australia/LHI", LORD_HOWE},
             {"Australia/Lindeman", BRISBANE},
@@ -820,7 +822,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_TW extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Isle_of_Man", GMTBST},
             {"Europe/Istanbul", EET},
             {"Europe/Jersey", GMTBST},
-            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", FET},
+            {"Europe/Kaliningrad", EET},
             {"Europe/Kiev", EET},
             {"Europe/Lisbon", WET},
             {"Europe/Ljubljana", CET},
@@ -855,9 +857,7 @@ public final class TimeZoneNames_zh_TW extends TimeZoneNamesBundle {
             {"Europe/Vatican", CET},
             {"Europe/Vienna", CET},
             {"Europe/Vilnius", EET},
-            {"Europe/Volgograd", new String[] {"\u4f0f\u723e\u52a0\u683c\u52d2\u6642\u9593", "VOLT",
-                                               "\u4f0f\u723e\u52a0\u683c\u52d2\u590f\u4ee4\u6642\u9593", "VOLST",
-                                               "\u4F0F\u723E\u52A0\u683C\u52D2\u6642\u9593", "VOLT"}},
+            {"Europe/Volgograd", MSK},
             {"Europe/Warsaw", CET},
             {"Europe/Zagreb", CET},
             {"Europe/Zaporozhye", EET},
diff --git a/jdk/test/ProblemList.txt b/jdk/test/ProblemList.txt
index fa11cfc642d..39697b08227 100644
--- a/jdk/test/ProblemList.txt
+++ b/jdk/test/ProblemList.txt
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
 
 # jdk_management
 
-# 8046351
+# 8044591
 com/sun/management/GarbageCollectorMXBean/GarbageCollectionNotificationContentTest.java   generic-all
 com/sun/management/GarbageCollectorMXBean/GarbageCollectionNotificationTest.java          generic-all
 # 8056143
@@ -283,15 +283,13 @@ com/sun/jdi/JdbReadTwiceTest.sh                                 generic-all
 # 8031482
 sun/tools/jcmd/TestJcmdSanity.java				windows-all
 
-# 8033104
-sun/jvmstat/monitor/MonitoredVm/CR6672135.java			generic-all
-
 # 8027668
 sun/tools/jstatd/TestJstatdDefaults.java                generic-all
 sun/tools/jstatd/TestJstatdServer.java                  generic-all
 sun/tools/jstatd/TestJstatdPort.java                    generic-all
+sun/tools/jstatd/TestJstatdPortAndServer.java                    generic-all
 
-# 8046355
+# 8046285 8027668 
 sun/tools/jstatd/TestJstatdExternalRegistry.java                generic-all
 
 # 6456333
diff --git a/jdk/test/java/nio/file/WatchService/LotsOfCancels.java b/jdk/test/java/nio/file/WatchService/LotsOfCancels.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cb7f9eff9af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jdk/test/java/nio/file/WatchService/LotsOfCancels.java
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+/* @test
+ * @bug 8029516
+ * @summary Bash on WatchKey.cancel with a view to causing a crash when
+ *    an outstanding I/O operation on directory completes after the
+ *    directory has been closed
+ */
+
+import java.nio.file.ClosedWatchServiceException;
+import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.WatchKey;
+import java.nio.file.WatchService;
+import static java.nio.file.StandardWatchEventKinds.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+public class LotsOfCancels {
+
+    // set to true for any exceptions
+    static volatile boolean failed;
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+
+        // create a bunch of directories. Create two tasks for each directory,
+        // one to bash on cancel, the other to poll the events
+        ExecutorService pool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
+        try {
+            Path top = Files.createTempDirectory("work");
+            top.toFile().deleteOnExit();
+            for (int i=1; i<=16; i++) {
+                Path dir = Files.createDirectory(top.resolve("dir-" + i));
+                WatchService watcher = FileSystems.getDefault().newWatchService();
+                pool.submit(() -> handle(dir, watcher));
+                pool.submit(() -> poll(watcher));
+            }
+        } finally {
+            pool.shutdown();
+        }
+
+        // give thread pool lots of time to terminate
+        if (!pool.awaitTermination(5L, TimeUnit.MINUTES))
+            throw new RuntimeException("Thread pool did not terminate");
+
+        if (failed)
+            throw new RuntimeException("Test failed, see log for details");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stress the given WatchService, specifically the cancel method, in
+     * the given directory. Closes the WatchService when done.
+     */
+    static void handle(Path dir, WatchService watcher) {
+        try {
+            try {
+                Path file = dir.resolve("anyfile");
+                for (int i=0; i<2000; i++) {
+                    WatchKey key = dir.register(watcher, ENTRY_CREATE, ENTRY_DELETE);
+                    Files.createFile(file);
+                    Files.delete(file);
+                    key.cancel();
+                }
+            } finally {
+                watcher.close();
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            failed = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Polls the given WatchService in a tight loop. This keeps the event
+     * queue drained, it also hogs a CPU core which seems necessary to
+     * tickle the original bug.
+     */
+    static void poll(WatchService watcher) {
+        try {
+            for (;;) {
+                WatchKey key = watcher.take();
+                if (key != null) {
+                    key.pollEvents();
+                    key.reset();
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (ClosedWatchServiceException expected) {
+            // nothing to do
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            failed = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/jdk/test/java/security/AccessController/DoPrivAccomplice.java b/jdk/test/java/security/AccessController/DoPrivAccomplice.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6cc2846deee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jdk/test/java/security/AccessController/DoPrivAccomplice.java
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2007, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+public class DoPrivAccomplice {
+
+    public String go() {
+        String name = (String)java.security.AccessController.
+                doPrivileged((java.security.PrivilegedAction)() ->
+                        System.getProperty("user.name"));
+        return name;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/jdk/test/java/security/AccessController/DoPrivAccompliceTest.java b/jdk/test/java/security/AccessController/DoPrivAccompliceTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d18038c9a87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jdk/test/java/security/AccessController/DoPrivAccompliceTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2007, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * @test
+ * @bug 8048362
+ * @compile ../../../lib/testlibrary/JavaToolUtils.java
+ *                             DoPrivAccomplice.java DoPrivTest.java
+ * @summary Tests the doPrivileged with accomplice Generate two jars
+ * (DoPrivTest.jar and DoPrivAccomplice.jar) and grant permission to
+ * DoPrivAccmplice.jar for reading user.home property from a PrivilagedAction.
+ * Run DoPrivTest.jar and try to access user.home property using
+ * DoPrivAccmplice.jar.
+ * @run main/othervm DoPrivAccompliceTest
+ */
+
+public class DoPrivAccompliceTest {
+
+    private static final String PWD = System.getProperty("test.classes", "./");
+    private static final String ACTION_SOURCE = "DoPrivAccomplice";
+    private static final String TEST_SOURCE = "DoPrivTest";
+
+    public static void createPolicyFile(URI codebaseURL) throws IOException {
+        String codebase = codebaseURL.toString();
+        String quotes = "\"";
+        StringBuilder policyFile = new StringBuilder();
+        policyFile.append("grant codeBase ").append(quotes).
+                append(codebase).append(quotes).append("{\n").
+                append("permission java.util.PropertyPermission ").
+                append(quotes).append("user.name").append(quotes).
+                append(",").append(quotes).append("read").append(quotes).
+                append(";\n};");
+        try (FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(new File(PWD, "java.policy"))) {
+            writer.write(policyFile.toString());
+            writer.close();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            System.err.println("Error while creating policy file");
+            throw e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+        final File class1 = new File(PWD, ACTION_SOURCE + ".class");
+        final File class2 = new File(PWD, TEST_SOURCE + ".class");
+        final File jarFile1 = new File(PWD, ACTION_SOURCE + ".jar");
+        final File jarFile2 = new File(PWD, TEST_SOURCE + ".jar");
+        System.out.println("Compilation successfull");
+        JavaToolUtils.createJar(jarFile1, Arrays.asList(new File[]{class1}));
+        System.out.println("Created jar file " + jarFile1);
+        JavaToolUtils.createJar(jarFile2, Arrays.asList(new File[]{class2}));
+        System.out.println("Created jar file " + jarFile2);
+        createPolicyFile(jarFile1.toURI());
+
+        List commands = new ArrayList<>();
+        final String pathSepartor = System.getProperty("path.separator");
+        commands.add("-Djava.security.manager");
+        commands.add("-Djava.security.policy=" + PWD + "/java.policy");
+        commands.add("-classpath");
+        commands.add(PWD + "/" + TEST_SOURCE + ".jar" + pathSepartor
+                + PWD + "/" + ACTION_SOURCE + ".jar");
+        commands.add(TEST_SOURCE);
+        if (JavaToolUtils.runJava(commands) == 0) {
+            System.out.println("Test PASSES");
+        }
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/jdk/test/java/security/AccessController/DoPrivTest.java b/jdk/test/java/security/AccessController/DoPrivTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9ed0f97d000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jdk/test/java/security/AccessController/DoPrivTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2007, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+public class DoPrivTest {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        String name = new DoPrivAccomplice().go();
+        System.out.println("Received Name : " + name);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/jdk/test/java/security/KeyStore/TestKeyStoreBasic.java b/jdk/test/java/security/KeyStore/TestKeyStoreBasic.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..00b46baf6a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jdk/test/java/security/KeyStore/TestKeyStoreBasic.java
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2001, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+import static java.lang.System.out;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.security.KeyStore;
+import java.security.KeyStoreException;
+import java.security.Provider;
+import java.security.Security;
+import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
+import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
+
+/*
+ * @test
+ * @bug 8048621
+ * @summary Test the basic operations of KeyStore, provided by SunJCE (jceks),
+ *  and SunPKCS11-Solaris(PKCS11KeyStore)
+ * @author Yu-Ching Valerie PENG
+ */
+
+public class TestKeyStoreBasic {
+    private static final char[] PASSWD2 = new char[] {
+            'b', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'd'
+    };
+    private static final char[] PASSWDK = new String("cannot be null")
+            .toCharArray();
+    private static final String[] KS_Type = {
+            "jks", "jceks", "pkcs12", "PKCS11KeyStore"
+    };
+    private static final String[] PRO_TYPE = {
+            "SUN", "SunJCE", "SunJSSE", "SunPKCS11-Solaris"
+    };
+    private static final String ALIAS_HEAD = "test";
+
+    public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
+        TestKeyStoreBasic jstest = new TestKeyStoreBasic();
+        jstest.run();
+    }
+
+    public void run() throws Exception {
+        Provider[] providers = Security.getProviders();
+        for (Provider p: providers) {
+            String prvName = p.getName();
+            if (prvName.startsWith("SunJCE")
+                    || prvName.startsWith("SunPKCS11-Solaris")) {
+                try {
+                    runTest(p);
+                    out.println("Test with provider " + p.getName() + ""
+                            + " passed");
+                } catch (java.security.KeyStoreException e) {
+                    if (prvName.startsWith("SunPKCS11-Solaris")) {
+                        out.println("KeyStoreException is expected "
+                                + "PKCS11KeyStore is invalid keystore type.");
+                        e.printStackTrace();
+                    } else {
+                        throw e;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void runTest(Provider p) throws Exception {
+        SecretKey key = new SecretKeySpec(
+                new String("No one knows").getBytes(), "PBE");
+        int numEntries = 5;
+        String proName = p.getName();
+        String type = null;
+        for (int i = 0; i < PRO_TYPE.length; i++) {
+            if (proName.compareTo(PRO_TYPE[i]) == 0) {
+                type = KS_Type[i];
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(type, p);
+        KeyStore ks2 = KeyStore.getInstance(type, ks.getProvider().getName());
+
+        // create an empty key store
+        ks.load(null, null);
+
+        // store the secret keys
+        for (int j = 0; j < numEntries; j++) {
+            ks.setKeyEntry(ALIAS_HEAD + j, key, PASSWDK, null);
+        }
+
+        // initialize the 2nd key store object with the 1st one
+        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        ks.store(baos, PASSWDK);
+        byte[] bArr = baos.toByteArray();
+        ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(bArr);
+        ks2.load(bais, null);
+
+        // check 2nd key store type
+        checkType(ks2, type);
+        // check the existing aliases for the 2nd key store
+        checkAlias(ks2, numEntries);
+
+        // compare the creation date of the 2 key stores for all aliases
+        compareCreationDate(ks, ks2, numEntries);
+        // remove the last entry from the 2nd key store
+        numEntries--;
+        ks2.deleteEntry(ALIAS_HEAD + numEntries);
+
+        // re-initialize the 1st key store with the 2nd key store
+        baos.reset();
+        ks2.store(baos, PASSWD2);
+        bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray());
+        try {
+            // expect an exception since the password is incorrect
+            ks.load(bais, PASSWDK);
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+                    "ERROR: passed the loading with incorrect password");
+        } catch (IOException ex) {
+            bais.reset();
+            ks.load(bais, PASSWD2);
+            bais.reset();
+            ks.load(bais, null);
+        } finally {
+            bais.close();
+            baos.close();
+        }
+
+        // check key store type
+        checkType(ks, type);
+
+        // check the existing aliases
+        checkAlias(ks, numEntries);
+
+        // compare the creation date of the 2 key stores for all aliases
+        compareCreationDate(ks, ks2, numEntries);
+
+    }
+
+    // check key store type
+    private void checkType(KeyStore obj, String type) {
+        if (!obj.getType().equals(type)) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("ERROR: wrong key store type");
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    // check the existing aliases
+    private void checkAlias(KeyStore obj, int range) throws KeyStoreException {
+        for (int k = 0; k < range; k++) {
+            if (!obj.containsAlias(ALIAS_HEAD + k)) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("ERROR: alias (" + k
+                        + ") should exist");
+
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // compare the creation dates - true if all the same
+    private void compareCreationDate(KeyStore o1, KeyStore o2, int range)
+            throws KeyStoreException {
+        boolean result = true;
+        String alias = null;
+        for (int k = 0; k < range; k++) {
+            alias = ALIAS_HEAD + k;
+            if (!o1.getCreationDate(alias).equals(o2.getCreationDate(alias))) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("ERROR: entry creation time (" + k
+                        + ") differs");
+
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/jdk/test/java/security/KeyStore/TestKeyStoreEntry.java b/jdk/test/java/security/KeyStore/TestKeyStoreEntry.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6448e5becea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jdk/test/java/security/KeyStore/TestKeyStoreEntry.java
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2001, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+import static java.lang.System.out;
+
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.security.Key;
+import java.security.KeyStore;
+import java.security.Provider;
+import java.security.Security;
+import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
+import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
+
+/*
+ * @test
+ * @bug 8048621
+ * @summary Test the basic operations of KeyStore entry, provided by SunJCE
+ *  (jceks), and SunPKCS11-Solaris(PKCS11KeyStore)
+ * @author Yu-Ching Valerie PENG
+ */
+
+public class TestKeyStoreEntry {
+    private static final char[] PASSWDK = new char[] {
+            't', 'e', 'r', 'c', 'e', 's'
+    };
+    private static final char[] PASSWDF = new String("guardian Angel")
+            .toCharArray();
+    private static final String[] KS_ALGOS = {
+            "DES", "DESede", "Blowfish"
+    };
+    private static final int NUM_ALGOS = KS_ALGOS.length;
+
+    private static final String[] KS_TYPE = {
+            "jks", "jceks", "pkcs12", "PKCS11KeyStore"
+    };
+    private static final String[] PRO_TYPE = {
+            "SUN", "SunJCE", "SunJSSE", "SunPKCS11-Solaris"
+    };
+
+    private final SecretKey[] sks = new SecretKey[NUM_ALGOS];
+
+    TestKeyStoreEntry() throws Exception {
+        // generate secret keys which are to be stored in the jce
+        // key store object
+        KeyGenerator[] kgs = new KeyGenerator[NUM_ALGOS];
+        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_ALGOS; i++) {
+            kgs[i] = KeyGenerator.getInstance(KS_ALGOS[i], "SunJCE");
+            sks[i] = kgs[i].generateKey();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
+        TestKeyStoreEntry jstest = new TestKeyStoreEntry();
+        jstest.run();
+    }
+
+    public void run() throws Exception {
+
+        Provider[] providers = Security.getProviders();
+        for (Provider p: providers) {
+            String prvName = p.getName();
+            if (prvName.startsWith("SunJCE")
+                    || prvName.startsWith("SunPKCS11-Solaris")) {
+                try {
+                    runTest(p);
+                    out.println("Test with provider " + p.getName() + ""
+                            + " passed");
+
+                } catch (java.security.KeyStoreException e) {
+                    if (prvName.startsWith("SunPKCS11-Solaris")) {
+                        out.println("KeyStoreException is expected because "
+                                + "PKCS11KeyStore is invalid keystore type.");
+                        e.printStackTrace();
+                    } else {
+                        throw e;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void runTest(Provider p) throws Exception {
+        try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("jceks");
+                FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("jceks");) {
+
+            KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("jceks", p);
+            // create an empty key store
+            ks.load(null, null);
+
+            // store the secret keys
+            String aliasHead = new String("secretKey");
+            for (int j = 0; j < NUM_ALGOS; j++) {
+                ks.setKeyEntry(aliasHead + j, sks[j], PASSWDK, null);
+            }
+
+            // write the key store out to a file
+            ks.store(fos, PASSWDF);
+            // wipe clean the existing key store
+            for (int k = 0; k < NUM_ALGOS; k++) {
+                ks.deleteEntry(aliasHead + k);
+            }
+            if (ks.size() != 0) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("ERROR: re-initialization failed");
+            }
+
+            // reload the key store with the file
+            ks.load(fis, PASSWDF);
+
+            // check the integrity/validaty of the key store
+            Key temp = null;
+            String alias = null;
+            if (ks.size() != NUM_ALGOS) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("ERROR: wrong number of key"
+                        + " entries");
+            }
+
+            for (int m = 0; m < ks.size(); m++) {
+                alias = aliasHead + m;
+                temp = ks.getKey(alias, PASSWDK);
+                // compare the keys
+                if (!temp.equals(sks[m])) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException("ERROR: key comparison (" + m
+                            + ") failed");
+                }
+                // check the type of key
+                if (ks.isCertificateEntry(alias) || !ks.isKeyEntry(alias)) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException("ERROR: type identification ("
+                            + m + ") failed");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/jdk/test/java/sql/test/sql/DriverManagerPermissionsTests.java b/jdk/test/java/sql/test/sql/DriverManagerPermissionsTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..73a8923d82f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jdk/test/java/sql/test/sql/DriverManagerPermissionsTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+package test.sql;
+
+import java.security.AccessControlException;
+import java.security.Policy;
+import java.sql.DriverManager;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
+import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
+import org.testng.annotations.Test;
+import util.BaseTest;
+import util.StubDriver;
+import util.TestPolicy;
+
+public class DriverManagerPermissionsTests extends BaseTest {
+
+    private  static Policy policy;
+    private static SecurityManager sm;
+
+    /*
+     * Install a SecurityManager along with a base Policy to allow testNG to run
+     */
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setUpClass() throws Exception {
+        setPolicy(new TestPolicy());
+        System.setSecurityManager(new SecurityManager());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Install the original Policy and SecurityManager
+     */
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void tearDownClass() throws Exception {
+        System.setSecurityManager(sm);
+        setPolicy(policy);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Save off the original Policy and SecurityManager
+     */
+    public DriverManagerPermissionsTests() {
+        policy = Policy.getPolicy();
+        sm = System.getSecurityManager();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Validate that AccessControlException is thrown if SQLPermission("setLog")
+     * has not been granted
+     */
+    @Test(expectedExceptions = AccessControlException.class)
+    public void test() {
+        setPolicy(new TestPolicy());
+        DriverManager.setLogStream(null);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Validate that setLogStream succeeds if SQLPermission("setLog") has been
+     * granted
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void test1() {
+        Policy.setPolicy(new TestPolicy("setLog"));
+        DriverManager.setLogStream(null);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Validate that setLogStream succeeds if AllPermissions has been granted
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void test2() {
+        setPolicy(new TestPolicy("all"));
+        DriverManager.setLogStream(null);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Validate that AccessControlException is thrown if SQLPermission("setLog")
+     * has not been granted
+     */
+    @Test(expectedExceptions = AccessControlException.class)
+    public void test4() {
+        setPolicy(new TestPolicy());
+        DriverManager.setLogWriter(null);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Validate that setLogWriter succeeds if SQLPermission("setLog") has been
+     * granted
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void test5() {
+        setPolicy(new TestPolicy("setLog"));
+        DriverManager.setLogWriter(null);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Validate that setLogWriter succeeds if AllPermissions has been granted
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void test6() {
+        setPolicy(new TestPolicy("all"));
+        DriverManager.setLogWriter(null);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Validate that AccessControlException is thrown if
+     * SQLPermission("deregisterDriver") has not been granted
+     */
+    @Test(expectedExceptions = AccessControlException.class)
+    public void test7() throws SQLException {
+        setPolicy(new TestPolicy());
+        DriverManager.deregisterDriver(new StubDriver());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Validate that deregisterDriver succeeds if
+     * SQLPermission("deregisterDriver") has been granted
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void test8() throws SQLException {
+        setPolicy(new TestPolicy("deregisterDriver"));
+        DriverManager.deregisterDriver(new StubDriver());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Validate that deregisterDriver succeeds if AllPermissions has been
+     * granted
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void test9() throws SQLException {
+        setPolicy(new TestPolicy("all"));
+        DriverManager.deregisterDriver(new StubDriver());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/jdk/test/java/sql/util/BaseTest.java b/jdk/test/java/sql/util/BaseTest.java
index 130dae8fb4e..da991431abc 100644
--- a/jdk/test/java/sql/util/BaseTest.java
+++ b/jdk/test/java/sql/util/BaseTest.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
 import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
+import java.security.Policy;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
 import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
@@ -88,4 +89,11 @@ public class BaseTest {
         }
         return o1;
     }
+
+    /*
+     * Utility Method used to set the current Policy
+     */
+    protected static void setPolicy(Policy p) {
+        Policy.setPolicy(p);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/jdk/test/java/sql/util/TestPolicy.java b/jdk/test/java/sql/util/TestPolicy.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dca2152deaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jdk/test/java/sql/util/TestPolicy.java
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+package util;
+
+import java.io.FilePermission;
+import java.security.AllPermission;
+import java.security.CodeSource;
+import java.security.Permission;
+import java.security.PermissionCollection;
+import java.security.Permissions;
+import java.security.Policy;
+import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
+import java.security.SecurityPermission;
+import java.sql.SQLPermission;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.PropertyPermission;
+import java.util.StringJoiner;
+
+/*
+ * Simple Policy class that supports the required Permissions to validate the
+ * JDBC concrete classes
+ */
+public class TestPolicy extends Policy {
+
+    final PermissionCollection permissions = new Permissions();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor which sets the minimum permissions allowing testNG to work
+     * with a SecurityManager
+     */
+    public TestPolicy() {
+        setMinimalPermissions();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Constructor which determines which permissions are defined for this
+     * Policy used by the JDBC tests Possible values are: all (ALLPermissions),
+     * setLog (SQLPemission("setLog"), deregisterDriver
+     * (SQLPermission("deregisterDriver") (SQLPermission("deregisterDriver"),
+     * and setSyncFactory(SQLPermission(setSyncFactory),
+     *
+     * @param policy Permissions to set
+     */
+    public TestPolicy(String policy) {
+
+        switch (policy) {
+            case "all":
+                permissions.add(new AllPermission());
+                break;
+            case "setLog":
+                setMinimalPermissions();
+                permissions.add(new SQLPermission("setLog"));
+                break;
+            case "deregisterDriver":
+                setMinimalPermissions();
+                permissions.add(new SQLPermission("deregisterDriver"));
+                break;
+            case "setSyncFactory":
+                setMinimalPermissions();
+                permissions.add(new SQLPermission("setSyncFactory"));
+                break;
+            default:
+                setMinimalPermissions();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Defines the minimal permissions required by testNG when running these
+     * tests
+     */
+    private void setMinimalPermissions() {
+        permissions.add(new SecurityPermission("getPolicy"));
+        permissions.add(new SecurityPermission("setPolicy"));
+        permissions.add(new RuntimePermission("getClassLoader"));
+        permissions.add(new RuntimePermission("setSecurityManager"));
+        permissions.add(new RuntimePermission("createSecurityManager"));
+        permissions.add(new PropertyPermission("testng.show.stack.frames",
+                "read"));
+        permissions.add(new PropertyPermission("line.separator", "read"));
+        permissions.add(new PropertyPermission("fileStringBuffer", "read"));
+        permissions.add(new PropertyPermission("dataproviderthreadcount", "read"));
+        permissions.add(new PropertyPermission("java.io.tmpdir", "read"));
+        permissions.add(new FilePermission("<>",
+                "read, write, delete"));
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Overloaded methods from the Policy class
+     */
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner("\n", "policy: ", "");
+        Enumeration perms = permissions.elements();
+        while (perms.hasMoreElements()) {
+            sj.add(perms.nextElement().toString());
+        }
+        return sj.toString();
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PermissionCollection getPermissions(ProtectionDomain domain) {
+        return permissions;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PermissionCollection getPermissions(CodeSource codesource) {
+        return permissions;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean implies(ProtectionDomain domain, Permission perm) {
+        return permissions.implies(perm);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/jdk/test/java/time/test/java/time/format/TestZoneTextPrinterParser.java b/jdk/test/java/time/test/java/time/format/TestZoneTextPrinterParser.java
index 4021a147c9c..28ccbfe0516 100644
--- a/jdk/test/java/time/test/java/time/format/TestZoneTextPrinterParser.java
+++ b/jdk/test/java/time/test/java/time/format/TestZoneTextPrinterParser.java
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ public class TestZoneTextPrinterParser extends AbstractTestPrinterParser {
             {"Asia/Taipei",      "China Standard Time",   preferred, Locale.ENGLISH, TextStyle.FULL},
             {"America/Chicago",  "CST",                   none,      Locale.ENGLISH, TextStyle.SHORT},
             {"Asia/Taipei",      "CST",                   preferred, Locale.ENGLISH, TextStyle.SHORT},
-            {"Australia/South",  "CST",                   preferred_s, Locale.ENGLISH, TextStyle.SHORT},
+            {"Australia/South",  "ACST",                  preferred_s, Locale.ENGLISH, TextStyle.SHORT},
             {"America/Chicago",  "CDT",                   none,        Locale.ENGLISH, TextStyle.SHORT},
             {"Asia/Shanghai",    "CDT",                   preferred_s, Locale.ENGLISH, TextStyle.SHORT},
        };
diff --git a/jdk/test/java/util/Currency/tablea1.txt b/jdk/test/java/util/Currency/tablea1.txt
index 94c848ae880..298856753b5 100644
--- a/jdk/test/java/util/Currency/tablea1.txt
+++ b/jdk/test/java/util/Currency/tablea1.txt
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 #
 #
-# Amendments up until ISO 4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 156
-#   (As of 23 July 2013)
+# Amendments up until ISO 4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 159
+#   (As of 15 August 2014)
 #
 
 # Version
 FILEVERSION=1
-DATAVERSION=156
+DATAVERSION=159
 
 # ISO 4217 currency data
 AF	AFN	971	2
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ LS	LSL	426	2
 LR	LRD	430	2
 LY	LYD	434	3
 LI	CHF	756	2
-LT	LTL	440	2
+LT	LTL	440	2	2014-12-31-22-00-00	EUR	978	2
 LU	EUR	978	2
 MO	MOP	446	2
 MK	MKD	807	2
diff --git a/jdk/test/javax/sql/testng/test/rowset/spi/SyncFactoryPermissionsTests.java b/jdk/test/javax/sql/testng/test/rowset/spi/SyncFactoryPermissionsTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1b60f5b1c39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jdk/test/javax/sql/testng/test/rowset/spi/SyncFactoryPermissionsTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+package test.rowset.spi;
+
+import java.security.AccessControlException;
+import java.security.Policy;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+import javax.naming.Context;
+import javax.naming.InitialContext;
+import javax.naming.NamingException;
+import javax.sql.rowset.spi.SyncFactory;
+import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
+import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
+import org.testng.annotations.Test;
+import util.BaseTest;
+import util.TestPolicy;
+
+public class SyncFactoryPermissionsTests extends BaseTest {
+
+    Context ctx;
+    private static Policy policy;
+    private static SecurityManager sm;
+
+    /*
+     * Install a SeeurityManager along with a base Policy to allow testNG to run
+     */
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setUpClass() throws Exception {
+        setPolicy(new TestPolicy());
+        System.setSecurityManager(new SecurityManager());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Install the original Policy and SecurityManager
+     */
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void tearDownClass() throws Exception {
+        System.setSecurityManager(sm);
+        setPolicy(policy);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Initialize a Context to be used in our tests.
+     * Save off the original Policy and SecurityManager
+     */
+    public SyncFactoryPermissionsTests() {
+        policy = Policy.getPolicy();
+        sm = System.getSecurityManager();
+
+        try {
+            ctx = new InitialContext();
+        } catch (NamingException ex) {
+            Logger.getLogger(SyncFactoryPermissionsTests.class.getName()).
+                    log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Validate that AccessControlException is thrown if
+     * SQLPermission("setSyncFactory") has not been granted
+     */
+    @Test(expectedExceptions = AccessControlException.class)
+    public void test() throws Exception {
+        setPolicy(new TestPolicy());
+        SyncFactory.setJNDIContext(ctx);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Validate that setJNDIContext succeeds if SQLPermission("setSyncFactory")
+     * has been granted
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void test1() throws Exception {
+        Policy.setPolicy(new TestPolicy("setSyncFactory"));
+        SyncFactory.setJNDIContext(ctx);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Validate that setJNDIContext succeeds if AllPermissions has been granted
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void test2() throws Exception {
+        setPolicy(new TestPolicy("all"));
+        SyncFactory.setJNDIContext(ctx);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/jdk/test/javax/sql/testng/util/BaseTest.java b/jdk/test/javax/sql/testng/util/BaseTest.java
index 130dae8fb4e..da991431abc 100644
--- a/jdk/test/javax/sql/testng/util/BaseTest.java
+++ b/jdk/test/javax/sql/testng/util/BaseTest.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
 import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
+import java.security.Policy;
 import java.sql.SQLException;
 import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
 import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
@@ -88,4 +89,11 @@ public class BaseTest {
         }
         return o1;
     }
+
+    /*
+     * Utility Method used to set the current Policy
+     */
+    protected static void setPolicy(Policy p) {
+        Policy.setPolicy(p);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/jdk/test/javax/sql/testng/util/TestPolicy.java b/jdk/test/javax/sql/testng/util/TestPolicy.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dca2152deaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jdk/test/javax/sql/testng/util/TestPolicy.java
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+package util;
+
+import java.io.FilePermission;
+import java.security.AllPermission;
+import java.security.CodeSource;
+import java.security.Permission;
+import java.security.PermissionCollection;
+import java.security.Permissions;
+import java.security.Policy;
+import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
+import java.security.SecurityPermission;
+import java.sql.SQLPermission;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.PropertyPermission;
+import java.util.StringJoiner;
+
+/*
+ * Simple Policy class that supports the required Permissions to validate the
+ * JDBC concrete classes
+ */
+public class TestPolicy extends Policy {
+
+    final PermissionCollection permissions = new Permissions();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor which sets the minimum permissions allowing testNG to work
+     * with a SecurityManager
+     */
+    public TestPolicy() {
+        setMinimalPermissions();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Constructor which determines which permissions are defined for this
+     * Policy used by the JDBC tests Possible values are: all (ALLPermissions),
+     * setLog (SQLPemission("setLog"), deregisterDriver
+     * (SQLPermission("deregisterDriver") (SQLPermission("deregisterDriver"),
+     * and setSyncFactory(SQLPermission(setSyncFactory),
+     *
+     * @param policy Permissions to set
+     */
+    public TestPolicy(String policy) {
+
+        switch (policy) {
+            case "all":
+                permissions.add(new AllPermission());
+                break;
+            case "setLog":
+                setMinimalPermissions();
+                permissions.add(new SQLPermission("setLog"));
+                break;
+            case "deregisterDriver":
+                setMinimalPermissions();
+                permissions.add(new SQLPermission("deregisterDriver"));
+                break;
+            case "setSyncFactory":
+                setMinimalPermissions();
+                permissions.add(new SQLPermission("setSyncFactory"));
+                break;
+            default:
+                setMinimalPermissions();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Defines the minimal permissions required by testNG when running these
+     * tests
+     */
+    private void setMinimalPermissions() {
+        permissions.add(new SecurityPermission("getPolicy"));
+        permissions.add(new SecurityPermission("setPolicy"));
+        permissions.add(new RuntimePermission("getClassLoader"));
+        permissions.add(new RuntimePermission("setSecurityManager"));
+        permissions.add(new RuntimePermission("createSecurityManager"));
+        permissions.add(new PropertyPermission("testng.show.stack.frames",
+                "read"));
+        permissions.add(new PropertyPermission("line.separator", "read"));
+        permissions.add(new PropertyPermission("fileStringBuffer", "read"));
+        permissions.add(new PropertyPermission("dataproviderthreadcount", "read"));
+        permissions.add(new PropertyPermission("java.io.tmpdir", "read"));
+        permissions.add(new FilePermission("<>",
+                "read, write, delete"));
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Overloaded methods from the Policy class
+     */
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner("\n", "policy: ", "");
+        Enumeration perms = permissions.elements();
+        while (perms.hasMoreElements()) {
+            sj.add(perms.nextElement().toString());
+        }
+        return sj.toString();
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PermissionCollection getPermissions(ProtectionDomain domain) {
+        return permissions;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PermissionCollection getPermissions(CodeSource codesource) {
+        return permissions;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean implies(ProtectionDomain domain, Permission perm) {
+        return permissions.implies(perm);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/jdk/test/lib/testlibrary/JavaToolUtils.java b/jdk/test/lib/testlibrary/JavaToolUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c9736bcf9a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jdk/test/lib/testlibrary/JavaToolUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.jar.Attributes;
+import java.util.jar.JarEntry;
+import java.util.jar.JarOutputStream;
+import java.util.jar.Manifest;
+import javax.tools.JavaCompiler;
+import javax.tools.JavaFileObject;
+import javax.tools.StandardJavaFileManager;
+import javax.tools.ToolProvider;
+
+/**
+ * Utils class for compiling , creating jar file and executing a java command
+ *
+ * @author Raghu Nair
+ */
+
+public class JavaToolUtils {
+
+    public static final long DEFAULT_WAIT_TIME = 10000;
+
+    private JavaToolUtils() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Takes a list of files and compile these files into the working directory.
+     *
+     * @param files
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    public static void compileFiles(List files) throws IOException {
+        JavaCompiler compiler = ToolProvider.getSystemJavaCompiler();
+        try (StandardJavaFileManager fileManager = compiler.
+                getStandardFileManager(null, null, null)) {
+            Iterable compilationUnit
+                    = fileManager.getJavaFileObjectsFromFiles(files);
+            compiler.getTask(null, fileManager, null, null, null,
+                    compilationUnit).call();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a jar file using the list of files provided.
+     *
+     * @param jar
+     * @param files
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    public static void createJar(File jar, List files)
+            throws IOException {
+        Manifest manifest = new Manifest();
+        manifest.getMainAttributes().put(Attributes.Name.MANIFEST_VERSION,
+                "1.0");
+        try (JarOutputStream target = new JarOutputStream(
+                new FileOutputStream(jar), manifest)) {
+            for (File file : files) {
+                add(file, target);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void add(File source, JarOutputStream target)
+            throws IOException {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(source, "source cannot be null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(target, "target cannot be null");
+        // not tested against directories and from different path.
+        String name = source.getName();
+        if (source.isDirectory()) {
+            if (!name.isEmpty()) {
+                if (!name.endsWith("/")) {
+                    name += "/";
+                }
+                JarEntry entry = new JarEntry(name);
+                entry.setTime(source.lastModified());
+                target.putNextEntry(entry);
+                target.closeEntry();
+            }
+            for (File nestedFile : source.listFiles()) {
+                add(nestedFile, target);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        System.out.println("Adding entry " + name);
+        JarEntry entry = new JarEntry(name);
+        entry.setTime(source.lastModified());
+        target.putNextEntry(entry);
+        Files.copy(source.toPath(), target);
+        target.closeEntry();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Runs java command with provided arguments. Caller should not pass java
+     * command in the argument list.
+     *
+     * @param commands
+     * @param waitTime time to wait for the command to exit in milli seconds
+     * @return
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    public static int runJava(List commands,long waitTime)
+            throws Exception {
+        String java = System.getProperty("java.home") + "/bin/java";
+        commands.add(0, java);
+        String command = commands.toString().replace(",", " ");
+        System.out.println("Executing the following command \n" + command);
+        ProcessBuilder processBuilder = new ProcessBuilder(commands);
+        final Process process = processBuilder.start();
+        BufferedReader errorStream = new BufferedReader(
+                new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()));
+        BufferedReader outStream = new BufferedReader(
+                new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
+        String errorLine;
+        StringBuilder errors = new StringBuilder();
+        String outLines;
+        while ((errorLine = errorStream.readLine()) != null) {
+            errors.append(errorLine).append("\n");
+        }
+        while ((outLines = outStream.readLine()) != null) {
+            System.out.println(outLines);
+        }
+        errorLine = errors.toString();
+        System.err.println(errorLine);
+        process.waitFor(waitTime, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        int exitStatus = process.exitValue();
+        if (exitStatus != 0 && errorLine != null && errorLine.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(errorLine);
+        }
+        return exitStatus;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Runs java command with provided arguments. Caller should not pass java
+     * command in the argument list.
+     *
+     * @param commands
+     * @return
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    public static int runJava(List commands) throws Exception {
+        return runJava(commands, DEFAULT_WAIT_TIME);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Run any command
+     * @param commands
+     * @return
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    public static int runCommand(List commands) throws Exception {
+        String command = commands.toString().replace(",", " ");
+        System.out.println("Executing the following command \n" + command);
+        ProcessBuilder processBuilder = new ProcessBuilder(commands);
+        final Process process = processBuilder.start();
+        BufferedReader errorStream = new BufferedReader(
+                new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()));
+        BufferedReader outStream = new BufferedReader(
+                new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
+        String errorLine;
+        StringBuilder errors = new StringBuilder();
+        String outLines;
+        while ((errorLine = errorStream.readLine()) != null) {
+            errors.append(errorLine).append("\n");
+        }
+        while ((outLines = outStream.readLine()) != null) {
+            System.out.println(outLines);
+        }
+        errorLine = errors.toString();
+        System.err.println(errorLine);
+        int exitStatus = process.exitValue();
+        if (exitStatus != 0 && errorLine != null && errorLine.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(errorLine);
+        }
+        return exitStatus;
+    }
+
+
+}
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/management/jmxremote/startstop/JMXStartStopTest.java b/jdk/test/sun/management/jmxremote/startstop/JMXStartStopTest.java
index f941e767b7f..6d142174f6b 100644
--- a/jdk/test/sun/management/jmxremote/startstop/JMXStartStopTest.java
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/management/jmxremote/startstop/JMXStartStopTest.java
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.net.ConnectException;
 import java.net.ServerSocket;
-import java.rmi.NoSuchObjectException;
+import java.rmi.RemoteException;
 import java.rmi.registry.LocateRegistry;
 import java.rmi.registry.Registry;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -115,8 +115,7 @@ public class JMXStartStopTest {
     throws Exception {
 
         Set names = server.queryNames(pattern,query);
-        for (Iterator i = names.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
-            ObjectName name = (ObjectName)i.next();
+        for (ObjectName name : names) {
             MBeanInfo info = server.getMBeanInfo(name);
             dbg_print("Got MBean: " + name);
 
@@ -174,9 +173,9 @@ public class JMXStartStopTest {
         } catch (Exception e) {
             Throwable t = e;
             while (t != null) {
-                if (t instanceof NoSuchObjectException ||
-                    t instanceof ConnectException ||
-                    t instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {
+                if (t instanceof RemoteException ||
+                    t instanceof SSLHandshakeException ||
+                    t instanceof ConnectException) {
                     break;
                 }
                 t = t.getCause();
@@ -617,7 +616,10 @@ public class JMXStartStopTest {
                 busyPort = ss.getLocalPort();
                 jcmd(
                     line -> {
-                        if (line.contains("Port already in use: " + busyPort)) {
+                        boolean match = line.contains("Port already in use: " +
+                                                      busyPort);
+                        System.out.println("[match] " + line + " => "  + match);
+                        if (match) {
                             checks.getAndUpdate((op) -> op | 4);
                         }
                     },
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/text/resources/LocaleData b/jdk/test/sun/text/resources/LocaleData
index 6be5a4c1111..635416d9189 100644
--- a/jdk/test/sun/text/resources/LocaleData
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/text/resources/LocaleData
@@ -7696,3 +7696,6 @@ FormatData/es_EC/TimePatterns/3=H:mm
 # bug 8037343
 FormatData/es_DO/DatePatterns/2=dd/MM/yyyy
 FormatData/es_DO/DatePatterns/3=dd/MM/yy
+
+# bug 8055222
+CurrencyNames/lt_LT/EUR=\u20AC
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/text/resources/LocaleDataTest.java b/jdk/test/sun/text/resources/LocaleDataTest.java
index 9b44eec236b..66039d08f40 100644
--- a/jdk/test/sun/text/resources/LocaleDataTest.java
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/text/resources/LocaleDataTest.java
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
  *      6919624 6998391 7019267 7020960 7025837 7020583 7036905 7066203 7101495
  *      7003124 7085757 7028073 7171028 7189611 8000983 7195759 8004489 8006509
  *      7114053 7074882 7040556 8013836 8021121 6192407 6931564 8027695 8017142
- *      8037343
+ *      8037343 8055222
  * @summary Verify locale data
  *
  */
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/VERSION b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/VERSION
index c735be51ca1..5e925ada8df 100644
--- a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/VERSION
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/VERSION
@@ -1,24 +1,24 @@
 #
 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
-#  
+#
 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 # published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
-#  
+#
 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 # accompanied this code).
-#  
+#
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
-#  
+#
 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-tzdata2014c
+tzdata2014g
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/africa b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/africa
index 6f1a1471e0c..aa91f365ce1 100644
--- a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/africa
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/africa
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
     # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
-# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 #
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
-# .
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
+# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@
 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
 # but Mark R V Murray reports that
-# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
-# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
-# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
-# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
-# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
+# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
+# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
+# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
+# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
+# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
 #
-# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
+# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
 #	 2:00	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
 #	 1:00	WAT	West Africa Time
-# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
+# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
 # until we get more information.
 #
@@ -117,9 +117,9 @@ Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
 # more precise 0:09:21.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
-			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
-			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25 2:00
+Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
+			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
+			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25  2:00
 			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1946 Oct  7
 			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
 			1:00	-	CET	1963 Apr 14
@@ -129,18 +129,8 @@ Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
 			1:00	-	CET
 
 # Angola
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
-			0:52:04	-	AOT	1911 May 26 # Angola Time
-			1:00	-	WAT
-
 # Benin
-# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
-			0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
-			1:00	-	WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
 
 # Botswana
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
@@ -149,14 +139,12 @@ Zone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
 			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
-			2:00	-	CAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
-			2:00	1:00	CAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
+			2:00	-	CAT	1943 Sep 19  2:00
+			2:00	1:00	CAST	1944 Mar 19  2:00
 			2:00	-	CAT
 
 # Burkina Faso
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Ouagadougou	-0:06:04 -	LMT	1912
-			 0:00	-	GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Burundi
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -164,52 +152,60 @@ Zone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
 			2:00	-	CAT
 
 # Cameroon
-# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
-			1:00	-	WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
 
 # Cape Verde
+#
+# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
+# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# merely made it official?
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907			# Praia
+Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907        # Praia
 			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
 			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
-			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25 2:00
+			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25  2:00
 			-1:00	-	CVT
 
 # Central African Republic
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
-			1:00	-	WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
 
 # Chad
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912
+Zone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912        # N'Djamena
 			1:00	-	WAT	1979 Oct 14
 			1:00	1:00	WAST	1980 Mar  8
 			1:00	-	WAT
 
 # Comoros
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul   # Moroni, Gran Comoro
+Zone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
-# Democratic Republic of Congo
+# Democratic Republic of the Congo
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
-			1:00	-	WAT
 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
 			2:00	-	CAT
+# The above is for the eastern part; see Africa/Lagos for the western part.
 
 # Republic of the Congo
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Brazzaville	1:01:08 -	LMT	1912
-			1:00	-	WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
 
-# Cote D'Ivoire
+# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
 			 0:00	-	GMT
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako	# Mali
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul	# Gambia
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry	# Guinea
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar	# Senegal
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown	# Sierra Leone
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome		# Togo
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott	# Mauritania
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou	# Burkina Faso
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome	# São Tomé and Príncipe
+Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena	# St Helena
 
 # Djibouti
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -254,30 +250,26 @@ Rule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
 #
 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
-# 
 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
-# 
 # or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
-# 
 Rule	Egypt	1995	2010	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	1995	2005	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	1995	2005	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
-Rule	Egypt	2006	only	-	Sep	21	23:00s	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2006	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
-Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	23:00s	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	24:00	0	-
 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
@@ -311,15 +303,9 @@ Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	23:00s	0	-
 #
 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
 #
-# [1] 
-# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
-# 
-# [2] 
-# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
-# 
-# [3] 
-# http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
-# 
+# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
+# [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
+# [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
@@ -329,14 +315,10 @@ Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	23:00s	0	-
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
 # Information and Decision Support Center:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
-# 
 #
 # The Middle East News Agency
-# 
 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
-# 
 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
@@ -344,19 +326,14 @@ Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	23:00s	0	-
 # (at least today).
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
-# According to News from Egypt -  Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
+# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
 # Ramadan.
 #
 # Arabic translation:
-# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again"
-# 
+# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
-# 
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
-# 
 
 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
@@ -365,46 +342,77 @@ Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	23:00s	0	-
 # From Gunther Vermier (2015-05-13):
 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-05-13):
+# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
+# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
+# in Egypt.  The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
+# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
+# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
+# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
+# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
+# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
+# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
+# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014."  This statement has been
+# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
+# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
-# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption.  The AP story says
-# DST will not be observed during Ramadan.  There is no information about when
-# DST will end.  See:
+# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption.  There is
+# no information about when DST will end this fall.  See:
 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
 #
-# For now, guess that later transitions will use 2010's rules, and that
-# Egypt will agree with Morocco (see below) about the date Ramadan starts and
-# ends, though (unlike Morocco) it will switch at 00:00 standard time.  In
-# Egypt the spring-forward transitions are removed for 2020-2022, when the
-# guessed spring-forward date falls during the estimated Ramadan, and all
-# transitions removed for 2023-2038, where the estimated Ramadan falls entirely
-# outside the guessed daylight-saving time.  Ramadan intrudes on the guessed
-# DST starting in 2039, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff.
-
-Rule	Egypt	2008	only	-	Aug	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2009	only	-	Aug	20	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Aug	11	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	10	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
+# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use
+# 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at
+# 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the
+# first Friday after Ramadan.  To implement this,
+# transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running
+# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated
+# by hand into the table below.  Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed
+# DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff.
+# (let ((islamic-year 1436))
+#   (while (< islamic-year 1460)
+#     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
+#           (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
+#           (friday 5))
+#       (while (/= friday (mod a 7))
+#         (setq a (1- a)))
+#       (while (/= friday (mod b 7))
+#         (setq b (1+ b)))
+#       (setq a (1- a))
+#       (setq b (1- b))
+#       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
+#       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
+#       (insert
+#        (format
+#         (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
+#                 "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n")
+#         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
+#         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
+#     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
+Rule	Egypt	2008	only	-	Aug	lastThu	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2009	only	-	Aug	20	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Aug	10	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	 9	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	May	15	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jun	29	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jul	29	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2014	max	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jun	26	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jul	31	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2014	max	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	2015	2019	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2015	only	-	Jun	18	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2015	only	-	Jul	18	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2016	only	-	Jun	 7	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2016	only	-	Jul	 7	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2017	only	-	May	27	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2017	only	-	Jun	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2018	only	-	May	16	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2018	only	-	Jun	15	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2019	only	-	May	 6	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2019	only	-	Jun	 5	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2020	only	-	May	24	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2021	only	-	May	13	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2022	only	-	May	 3	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2015	only	-	Jun	11	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2015	only	-	Jul	23	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2016	only	-	Jun	 2	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2016	only	-	Jul	 7	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2017	only	-	May	25	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2017	only	-	Jun	29	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2018	only	-	May	10	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2018	only	-	Jun	14	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2019	only	-	May	 2	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2019	only	-	Jun	 6	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2020	only	-	May	28	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2021	only	-	May	13	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2022	only	-	May	 5	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	2023	max	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -412,60 +420,63 @@ Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:09 -	LMT	1900 Oct
 			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT
 
 # Equatorial Guinea
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
-			0:00	-	GMT	1963 Dec 15
-			1:00	-	WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
 
 # Eritrea
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Asmara	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
-			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890	      # Asmara Mean Time
-			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
+			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890        # Asmara Mean Time
+			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May  5 # Adis Dera MT
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Ethiopia
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
-# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
-# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
+# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
+# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
+# 02:00 or 14:00.  Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
+#
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
+# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
+# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05.  Perhaps 38E50
+# was for Adis Dera.  Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong
+# anyway.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
-			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
+			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May  5 # Adis Dera MT
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Gabon
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
-			1:00	-	WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
 
 # Gambia
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
-			-1:06:36 -	BMT	1935	# Banjul Mean Time
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1964
-			 0:00	-	GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Ghana
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	GHST
-Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	GMT
+# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
+# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
+# and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
+# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
+# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
+# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
+Rule	Ghana	1920	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	GHST
+Rule	Ghana	1920	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	GMT
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
 			 0:00	Ghana	%s
 
 # Guinea
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
-			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1960
-			 0:00	-	GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Guinea-Bissau
+#
+# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
+# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1911 May 26
+Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
 			-1:00	-	WAT	1975
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
@@ -480,8 +491,8 @@ Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
 # Lesotho
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
-			2:00	-	SAST	1943 Sep 19 2:00
-			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
+			2:00	-	SAST	1943 Sep 19  2:00
+			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19  2:00
 			2:00	-	SAST
 
 # Liberia
@@ -549,11 +560,11 @@ Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
 			2:00	-	EET	1982
 			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1990 May  4
 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
-# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
+# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
 			2:00	-	EET	1996 Sep 30
 			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1997 Oct  4
-			2:00	-	EET	2012 Nov 10 2:00
-			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	2013 Oct 25 2:00
+			2:00	-	EET	2012 Nov 10  2:00
+			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	2013 Oct 25  2:00
 			2:00	-	EET
 
 # Madagascar
@@ -569,18 +580,8 @@ Zone	Africa/Blantyre	2:20:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 			2:00	-	CAT
 
 # Mali
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
-			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Jun 20
-			 0:00	-	GMT
-
 # Mauritania
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
-			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Nov 28
-			 0:00	-	GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Mauritius
 
@@ -604,9 +605,7 @@ Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
 # According to
-# 
 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
-# 
 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31).  The new start
 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
@@ -621,22 +620,17 @@ Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
-# time:  Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
+# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
 #
 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
-# de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
-# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.
-# ...
-# 
+# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
+# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
-# 
 
 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
 # The Government of Mauritius weblink
-# 
 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
-# 
 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
 #
 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
@@ -646,33 +640,25 @@ Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
-# year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
+# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
 # and end on 29 March 2009.
 
 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
-# 
 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
 # DST the coming summer...
 #
 # Some sources, in French:
-# 
 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
-# 
-# 
 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
-# 
 #
 # Our wrap-up:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
-# 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
@@ -685,18 +671,18 @@ Rule Mauritius	1983	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	0	-
 Rule Mauritius	2008	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule Mauritius	2009	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907		# Port Louis
+Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907 # Port Louis
 			4:00 Mauritius	MU%sT	# Mauritius Time
 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
 
 # Mayotte
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
+Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Morocco
-# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
+# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
@@ -704,60 +690,44 @@ Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
 #
 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
-# Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
+# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
 #
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
-# 
-# OR
-# 
 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
-# 
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
-# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse:
-# 
+# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
+# Presse:
 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
-# 
 #
 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
 # spokesman.
 
 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
 # According to this article:
-# 
 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
-# 
-# (and republished here:
-# 
-# http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html
-# 
-# )
-# the changes occurs at midnight:
+# (and republished here: )
+# the changes occur at midnight:
 #
-# saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be
-# intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday)
-# sunday night the 28th  at midnight
+# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
+# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
+# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
 #
-# Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
-# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and
-# monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
-# june1st to sept 27th.
+# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
+# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
+# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
+# June 1st to Sept 27th.
 #
 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
 # published on the web.
 #
 # It's also confirmed here:
-# 
 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
-# 
-# on a government portal as being  between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet
-# posted in english).
+# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
+# posted in English).
 #
-# The following google query will generate many relevant hits:
-# 
+# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
@@ -765,47 +735,32 @@ Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
 # of September:
 #
 # One article about it (in French):
-# 
 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
-# 
 #
 # We have some further details posted here:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
 # to many sources, such as
-# 
 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
-# 
-# 
 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
-# 
 # (French)
 #
 # Our summary:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
-# 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
-# Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
+# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
 #
 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967)
 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
 #
-# 
 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
-# 
-#
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
@@ -813,51 +768,33 @@ Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
 #
 # Example:
-# 
 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
-# 
 # (French)
 # Our page:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
-# 
 
 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
-# The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00
-# The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59,  [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00
+# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
+# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
 # ...Official links of change in morocco
 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
 # +212.537.71.84.00
-# 
 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
-# 
 # They said that
-# 
 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
-# 
 # is the official publication to look at.
 # They said that the decision was already taken.
 #
 # More articles in the press
-# 
-# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev
-# 
-# e.html
-# 
+# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
-# 
-# 
 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
-# anche-prochain-5538.html
-# 
 
 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
 # They have it written in English here:
-# 
 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
-# 
 #
 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
@@ -865,20 +802,16 @@ Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
 # also been like that in the past.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
-# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
-# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
-# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
-# 
+# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
+# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
+# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
-# 
 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
 # except the month of Ramadan.
 # or (brief)
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
-# 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
@@ -889,17 +822,13 @@ Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
 
 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
 # Seen Morocco change again:
-# 
 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
-# 
-# "...à partir du dernier dimance d'avril et non fins mars,
-# comme annoncé précédemment."
+# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
+# comme annoncé précédemment."
 
 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
-# 
 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
-# 
 #
 # Google translation, lightly edited:
 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
@@ -917,7 +846,7 @@ Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
 # announced a bit in advance.  On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
-# .
+# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
 
 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
@@ -937,39 +866,36 @@ Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-19):
-# To estimate what the Moroccan government will do in future years,
-# transition dates for 2014 through 2038 were determined by running
-# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3:
-#
-# (let ((islamic-year 1435))
-#   (while (< islamic-year 1461)
-#     (let ((a
-#	     (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
-#	      (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))))
-#	    (b
-#	     (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
-#	      (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))))
-#	(insert
-#	 (format
-#	  (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
-#		  "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
-#	  (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
-#	  (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
+# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
+# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
+# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time....  DST
+# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
+# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05):
+# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules,
+# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
+# Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after
+# Ramadan.  To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were
+# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
+# results integrated by hand into the table below.
+# (let ((islamic-year 1436))
+#   (while (< islamic-year 1460)
+#     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
+#           (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
+#           (saturday 6))
+#       (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
+#       (while (/= saturday (mod b 7))
+#         (setq b (1+ b)))
+#       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
+#       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
+#       (insert
+#        (format
+#         (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
+#                 "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
+#         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
+#         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
 #     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
-#
-# with spring-forward transitions removed for 2023-2025, when the
-# normal spring-forward date falls during the estimated Ramadan; with
-# all transitions removed for 2026-2035, where the estimated Ramadan
-# falls entirely outside daylight-saving time; and with fall-back
-# transitions removed for 2036-2037, where the normal fall-back
-# date falls during the estimated Ramadan.  Normally, the table would
-# stop after 2037 because 32-bit time_t values roll around early in 2038,
-# but that would imply a prediction of perpetual DST after March 2038
-# due to the year-2037 glitches.  So, this table instead stops after
-# 2038, the first non-glitchy year after the 32-bit rollover.
-# An advantage of stopping after 2038 is that it lets zic guess
-# TZ='WET0WEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3' for time stamps far in the future.
 
 # RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 
@@ -991,46 +917,44 @@ Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Aug	 21	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Aug	21	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	May	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	Aug	 8	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Apr	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Jul	 31	 0	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2012	2013	-	Apr	 lastSun 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Sep	 30	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Jul	 20	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Aug	 20	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Jul	  7	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Aug	 10	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2013	2035	-	Oct	 lastSun 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2014	2022	-	Mar	 lastSun 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Jun	 29	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Jul	 29	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jun	 18	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jul	 18	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jun	  7	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jul	  7	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	May	 27	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	Jun	 26	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	May	 16	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	Jun	 15	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	May	  6	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	Jun	  5	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	Apr	 24	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	May	 24	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	Apr	 13	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	May	 13	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	Apr	  3	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	May	  3	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2023	only	-	Apr	 22	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2024	only	-	Apr	 10	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2025	only	-	Mar	 31	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2026	max	-	Mar	 lastSun 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2036	only	-	Oct	 21	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2037	only	-	Oct	 11	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2038	only	-	Sep	 30	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2038	only	-	Oct	 30	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2038	max	-	Oct	 lastSun 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Jul	31	 0	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2012	2013	-	Apr	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Sep	30	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Jul	20	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Aug	20	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Jul	 7	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Aug	10	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2013	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2014	2022	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Jun	28	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Aug	 2	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jun	13	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jul	18	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jun	 4	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jul	 9	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	May	20	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	May	12	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	Jun	16	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	May	 4	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	Jun	 8	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	Apr	18	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	May	30	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	Apr	10	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	May	15	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	Apr	 2	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	May	 7	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2023	only	-	Apr	22	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2024	only	-	Apr	13	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2025	only	-	Apr	 5	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2026	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2035	only	-	Oct	27	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2036	only	-	Oct	18	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2037	only	-	Oct	10	 3:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
@@ -1049,11 +973,17 @@ Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
 
-Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan
+Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan # El Aaiún
 			-1:00	-	WAT	1976 Apr 14
 			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT
 
 # Mozambique
+#
+# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
+# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# merely made it official?
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 			2:00	-	CAT
@@ -1062,8 +992,8 @@ Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
 
-# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in
-# :
+# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
+# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions.  Chief of
@@ -1080,34 +1010,41 @@ Rule	Namibia	1994	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Namibia	1995	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
-			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar	# SW Africa Time
-			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20 2:00
-			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21 2:00
+			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar    # SW Africa Time
+			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20  2:00
+			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21  2:00
 			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
 			2:00	-	CAT	1994 Apr  3
 			1:00	Namibia	WA%sT
 
 # Niger
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Niamey	 0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
-			 0:00	-	GMT	1960
-			 1:00	-	WAT
+# See Africa/Lagos.
 
 # Nigeria
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep
 			1:00	-	WAT
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui	     # Central African Republic
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala	     # Cameroon
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa    # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville  # Gabon
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda	     # Angola
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo	     # Equatorial Guinea
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey	     # Niger
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo  # Benin
 
-# Reunion
+# Réunion
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# Saint-Denis
-			4:00	-	RET	# Reunion Time
+Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
+			4:00	-	RET	# Réunion Time
 #
-# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
+# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
+#
+# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
 # The following information about them is taken from
-# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
-# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
+# Îles Éparses (, 1997-07-22,
+# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
 #
 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
@@ -1122,32 +1059,21 @@ Zone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
 			2:00	-	CAT
 
 # St Helena
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
-			-0:22:48 -	JMT	1951	# Jamestown Mean Time
-			 0:00	-	GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
 #	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
-#	Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
+#	Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
 #	Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
 #		on GMT, says the CIA
-#	Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
-
-# Sao Tome and Principe
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
-			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912	# Lisbon Mean Time
-			 0:00	-	GMT
+#	Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
 
+# São Tomé and Príncipe
 # Senegal
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1941 Jun
-			 0:00	-	GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Seychelles
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
+Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun # Victoria
 			4:00	-	SCT	# Seychelles Time
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
@@ -1157,17 +1083,7 @@ Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
 
 # Sierra Leone
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	0:40	SLST
-Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	WAT
-Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	SLST
-Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	GMT
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
-			-0:53:00 -	FMT	1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
-			-1:00	SL	%s	1957
-			 0:00	SL	%s
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Somalia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -1190,9 +1106,9 @@ Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
 
 # Sudan
 #
-# From 
-# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
-# , also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
+# From 
+# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
+# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
 # Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
@@ -1223,14 +1139,12 @@ Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Togo
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
-			0:00	-	GMT
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Tunisia
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
-# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
+# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
 # this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
 # , in a story attributed to AP
 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
@@ -1239,8 +1153,8 @@ Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
 # Saturday."  (My translation)
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
-# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
-# 
+# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
+# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
 # 1h standard time.
 #
@@ -1253,18 +1167,12 @@ Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
 # (Arabic)
-# 
 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
-# 
-# 
 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
-# 
 #
 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
-# 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
@@ -1272,20 +1180,17 @@ Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
 #
 # (in English)
-# 
 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
-# 
 #
 # (in Arabic)
-# 
 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
-# 
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18):
-# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact
-# that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time.
-# Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long."
-# So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the  future).
+# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
+# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
+# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
+# concerned by summer time.  Therefore, the standard time will be kept
+# unchanged the whole year long."  So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
+# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
@@ -1297,12 +1202,8 @@ Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
 #
 # (in Arabic)
-# 
 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
-# 
 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -1337,7 +1238,7 @@ Rule	Tunisia	2006	2008	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
-			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
+			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
 			1:00	Tunisia	CE%sT
 
 # Uganda
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/antarctica b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/antarctica
index e31bada94fb..0cdac270861 100644
--- a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/antarctica
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/antarctica
@@ -21,19 +21,16 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
     # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
-# 
 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
-# 
+# http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/
 # and
-# 
 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
-# 
+# http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm
 # for information.
 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
 #
@@ -78,19 +75,19 @@ Rule	ChileAQ	2012	max	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
 
 # Argentina - year-round bases
 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
-# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
-# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
-# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
+# Carlini, Potter Cove, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
+# Esperanza, Hope Bay, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
+# Marambio, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
-# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
+# San Martín, Barry I, -6808-06706, since 1951-03-21
 #	(except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
 
 # Australia - territories
 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
 #	previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
-#	
 #	Margaret Turner reports
-#	 (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
+#	http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html
+#	(1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
 #	presumably this is when they have visitors.
 #
 # year-round bases
@@ -107,14 +104,10 @@ Rule	ChileAQ	2012	max	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
 # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
 #
 # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
-# 
 # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
-# 
 #
 # We have more background information here:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: ...
@@ -129,50 +122,49 @@ Rule	ChileAQ	2012	max	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
 # - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
 #
 # Background:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
-# 
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Casey	0	-	zzz	1969
-			8:00	-	WST	2009 Oct 18 2:00
-						# Western (Aus) Standard Time
-			11:00	-	CAST	2010 Mar 5 2:00
-						# Casey Time
-			8:00	-	WST	2011 Oct 28 2:00
+			8:00	-	AWST	2009 Oct 18  2:00
+						# Australian Western Std Time
+			11:00	-	CAST	2010 Mar  5  2:00  # Casey Time
+			8:00	-	AWST	2011 Oct 28  2:00
 			11:00	-	CAST	2012 Feb 21 17:00u
-			8:00	-	WST
+			8:00	-	AWST
 Zone Antarctica/Davis	0	-	zzz	1957 Jan 13
-			7:00	-	DAVT	1964 Nov # Davis Time
+			7:00	-	DAVT	1964 Nov    # Davis Time
 			0	-	zzz	1969 Feb
-			7:00	-	DAVT	2009 Oct 18 2:00
+			7:00	-	DAVT	2009 Oct 18  2:00
 			5:00	-	DAVT	2010 Mar 10 20:00u
-			7:00	-	DAVT	2011 Oct 28 2:00
+			7:00	-	DAVT	2011 Oct 28  2:00
 			5:00	-	DAVT	2012 Feb 21 20:00u
 			7:00	-	DAVT
 Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	zzz	1954 Feb 13
-			6:00	-	MAWT	2009 Oct 18 2:00
-						# Mawson Time
+			6:00	-	MAWT	2009 Oct 18  2:00 # Mawson Time
 			5:00	-	MAWT
 # References:
-# 
 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
-# 
-# 
+# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html
 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
-# 
-# 
+# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html
 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
-# 
+# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html
+
+# Belgium - year-round base
+# Princess Elisabeth, Queen Maud Land, -713412+0231200, since 2007
 
 # Brazil - year-round base
-# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
+# Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
+
+# Bulgaria - year-round base
+# St. Kliment Ohridski, Livingston Island, -623829-0602153, since 1988
 
 # Chile - year-round bases and towns
 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
-# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
-# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
-# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
+# Frei Montalva, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
+# O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
+# Prat, -6230-05941
 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
 
@@ -180,31 +172,35 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	zzz	1954 Feb 13
 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
 
-# France - year-round bases
+# France - year-round bases (also see "France & Italy")
 #
 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
-# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
+# Time data entries are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
-# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
-# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
+# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adélie bases
+# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adélie supplies came
 # from Tasmania.
 #
 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
 #
-# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
-# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
-# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
+# Alfred Faure, Possession Island, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964;
+#	sealing & whaling stations operated variously 1802/1911+;
+#	see Indian/Reunion.
+#
+# Martin-de-Viviès, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
+# Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
 #	whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
 #
 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
 #	fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Kerguelen	0	-	zzz	1950	# Port-aux-Francais
+Zone Indian/Kerguelen	0	-	zzz	1950 # Port-aux-Français
 			5:00	-	TFT	# ISO code TF Time
 #
 # year-round base in the main continent
-# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
+# Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
+#  (2005-12-05)
 #
 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
@@ -214,20 +210,22 @@ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	zzz	1947
 			10:00	-	PMT	1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
 			0	-	zzz	1956 Nov
 			10:00	-	DDUT	# Dumont-d'Urville Time
-# Reference:
-# 
-# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
-# 
+
+# France & Italy - year-round base
+# Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005
 
 # Germany - year-round base
-# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
+# Neumayer III, -704080-0081602, since 2009
 
-# India - year-round base
-# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
+# India - year-round bases
+# Bharati, -692428+0761114, since 2012
+# Maitri, -704558+0114356, since 1989
+
+# Italy - year-round base (also see "France & Italy")
+# Zuchelli, Terra Nova Bay, -744140+1640647, since 1986
 
 # Japan - year-round bases
-# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
-# Syowa, -690022+0393524
+# Syowa (also known as Showa), -690022+0393524, since 1957
 #
 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
@@ -239,11 +237,11 @@ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	zzz	1947
 Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	zzz	1957 Jan 29
 			3:00	-	SYOT	# Syowa Time
 # See:
-# 
 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
-# 
+# http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html
 
 # S Korea - year-round base
+# Jang Bogo, Terra Nova Bay, -743700+1641205 since 2014
 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
 
 # New Zealand - claims
@@ -287,11 +285,14 @@ Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	2:00	CEST
 Rule	Troll	2004	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00u	0:00	UTC
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	zzz	2005 Feb 12
-     			0:00	Troll	%s
+			0:00	Troll	%s
 
 # Poland - year-round base
 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
 
+# Romania - year-bound base
+# Law-Racoviță, Larsemann Hills, -692319+0762251, since 1986
+
 # Russia - year-round bases
 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
@@ -301,8 +302,8 @@ Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	zzz	2005 Feb 12
 #	year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
 
 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
-# 
-# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
+# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
+# http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP
 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
 # time as Moscow, Russia.
 #
@@ -317,7 +318,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	zzz	2005 Feb 12
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
-# in person.  He said that some Antartic locations set their local
+# in person.  He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
 # solar noon.  So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
@@ -329,9 +330,12 @@ Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	zzz	1957 Dec 16
 
 # S Africa - year-round bases
 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
-# Sanae, -7141-00250
+# SANAE IV, Vesleskarvet, Queen Maud Land, -714022-0025026, since 1997
 
-# UK
+# Ukraine - year-round base
+# Vernadsky (formerly Faraday), Galindez Island, -651445-0641526, since 1954
+
+# United Kingdom
 #
 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
 # South Orkney Islands
@@ -387,7 +391,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	zzz	1965
 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
-# at that time (1957).  (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
+# at that time (1957).  (Source: Siple's book 90 Degrees South.)
 #
 # From Susan Smith
 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/asia b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/asia
index 595c8ed7245..906c0a97cda 100644
--- a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/asia
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/asia
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
     # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
-# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
 #
@@ -49,13 +49,17 @@
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
-# .
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
+# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
+#
+# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
+# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
+# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
-# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
+# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #	     std  dst
@@ -70,13 +74,14 @@
 #	7:00 WIB	west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
 #	8:00 WITA	central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
 #	8:00 CST	China
-#	9:00 CJT	Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
+#	8:00 JWST	Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
+#	9:00 JCST	Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
 #	9:00 WIT	east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
 #	9:00 JST  JDT	Japan
 #	9:00 KST  KDT	Korea
-#	9:30 CST	(Australian) Central Standard Time
+#	9:30 ACST	Australian Central Standard Time
 #
-# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
+# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
 
 # From Guy Harris:
 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
@@ -86,7 +91,7 @@
 
 ###############################################################################
 
-# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
+# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	EUAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	EUAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
@@ -138,11 +143,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			3:00	-	YERT	1957 Mar    # Yerevan Time
-			4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			3:00	1:00	YERST	1991 Sep 23 # independence
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	1995 Sep 24 2:00s
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	1995 Sep 24  2:00s
 			4:00	-	AMT	1997
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	2012 Mar 25 2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	2012 Mar 25  2:00s
 			4:00	-	AMT
 
 # Azerbaijan
@@ -155,16 +160,16 @@ Rule	Azer	1997	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 5:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			3:00	-	BAKT	1957 Mar    # Baku Time
-			4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			3:00	1:00	BAKST	1991 Aug 30 # independence
 			3:00 RussiaAsia	AZ%sT	1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
-			4:00	-	AZT	1996 # Azerbaijan time
+			4:00	-	AZT	1996     # Azerbaijan Time
 			4:00	EUAsia	AZ%sT	1997
 			4:00	Azer	AZ%sT
 
 # Bahrain
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al Manamah
+Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920     # Manamah
 			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
 			3:00	-	AST
 
@@ -174,13 +179,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al Manamah
 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
 #
 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
-# 
 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
-# 
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
-# 
 #
 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
 # June
@@ -195,17 +195,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al Manamah
 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
 #
 # Some sources:
-# 
 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
-# 
-# 
 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
-# 
 #
 # Our wrap-up:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
-# 
 
 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
@@ -220,13 +214,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al Manamah
 #
 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
-# 
 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
-# 
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
@@ -235,22 +224,15 @@ Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al Manamah
 # "continue for an indefinite period."
 #
 # One of many places where it is published:
-# 
 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
-# 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
 #
 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
-# 
 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
-# 
-# and
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
-# 
 #
 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
@@ -260,17 +242,12 @@ Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al Manamah
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
-# 
 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
-# 
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
-# 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Jun	19	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Dec	31	23:59	0	-
+Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Dec	31	24:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dhaka	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
@@ -301,7 +278,7 @@ Zone	Indian/Chagos	4:49:40	-	LMT	1907
 
 # Brunei
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar   # Bandar Seri Begawan
+Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
 			7:30	-	BNT	1933
 			8:00	-	BNT
 
@@ -310,16 +287,16 @@ Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar   # Bandar Seri Begawan
 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Rangoon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880		# or Yangon
-			6:24:40	-	RMT	1920	   # Rangoon Mean Time?
-			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May   # Burma Time
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 May 3
-			6:30	-	MMT		   # Myanmar Time
+Zone	Asia/Rangoon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880        # or Yangon
+			6:24:40	-	RMT	1920        # Rangoon Mean Time?
+			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May    # Burma Time
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 May  3
+			6:30	-	MMT	# Myanmar Time
 
 # Cambodia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
-			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
+			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11  0:01 # Saigon MT?
 			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
 			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
 			7:00	-	ICT
@@ -332,12 +309,12 @@ Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # No they don't.  See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52.  Even though
 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
-# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized.  Since that date, China
-# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
+# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized.  Since that date, China
+# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region).  I don't know about DST for it.
 #
 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
-# painful to suck in another copy..  So, here is what I have for
+# painful to suck in another copy.  So, here is what I have for
 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
 #
 #     1986 May 4 - Sept 14
@@ -347,15 +324,16 @@ Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
 # CHINA               8 H  AHEAD OF UTC  ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
 # CHINA               9 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 17 - SEP 10
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
-# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
-# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
-# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
-# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now.  I made up names for the other
-# pre-1980 time zones.
+# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
+# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
+# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
+# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
 
-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+# Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
+# this doesn't seem to be correct.  They also write that China observed summer
+# DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
+# go with them for DST rules as follows:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Shang	1940	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Shang	1940	1941	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
@@ -369,7 +347,7 @@ Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites.  And yes, there are official
 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
 #
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
 # boundaries summarized below]....  A few other exceptions were two
@@ -380,65 +358,97 @@ Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
-# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
-# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
-# talking about China being in one time zone.  (That article was: Jim
-# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
-# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05.  By the way, this
-# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
-# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
 #
-# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
-# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
-# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
-# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
-# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
-# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
-# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
+# (1)
+# Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
+# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
+# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
+# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
+# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
+# officially apparent solar time!  However, Guo also says that the
+# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
+# been taken over by the PRC yet.  It's plausible that apparent solar
+# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
+# to use UT+8.  As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
+# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
+# could well have ignored any such mandate.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
-# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
-# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
-# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
-# Shanks & Pottenger.
-
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
+# (2)
+# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
+# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
+# [undated and unknown publication location]
+# It says several things:
+#   * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
+#   * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
+#     the official calendar book of 1914.
+#   * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
+#     French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
+#     Observatory and set to local mean time.
+#   * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
+#   * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
+#     eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
+#     became used by railways as well.
+#   * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
+#     five time zones (see below for details).  This caught on
+#     at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
+#   * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7.  In practice
+#     this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
+#     Japanese-occupied territory.
+#   * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
+#   * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
+#     place (with some modifications) in March 1948.  It's not clear
+#     how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
+#   * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
+#
+# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
+# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
+# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
+# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai."  Guess that the
+# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8.
+#
+# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
+# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
+# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
+# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
+# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
+# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
+#
+# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5
+# Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
-Zone	Asia/Harbin	8:26:44	-	LMT	1928 # or Haerbin
-			8:30	-	CHAT	1932 Mar # Changbai Time
-			8:00	-	CST	1940
-			9:00	-	CHAT	1966 May
-			8:30	-	CHAT	1980 May
-			8:00	PRC	C%sT
-# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
+#
+# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8
+# Asia/Shanghai
 # most of China
-# Milne gives 8:05:56.7; round to nearest.
-Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:57	-	LMT	1928
-			8:00	Shang	C%sT	1949
-			8:00	PRC	C%sT
-# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
+# This currently represents most other zones as well,
+# as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
+# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
+# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century".
+#
+# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7
+# Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
-Zone	Asia/Chongqing	7:06:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Chungking
-			7:00	-	LONT	1980 May # Long-shu Time
-			8:00	PRC	C%sT
-# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
+#
+# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6
+# Asia/Urumqi
+# This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
+# as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
 # the Guangdong counties  Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
-# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
+# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
-Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Urumchi
-			6:00	-	URUT	1980 May # Urumqi Time
-			8:00	PRC	C%sT
-# Kunlun Time
+#
+# Kunlun Time UT+5.5
+# Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
@@ -455,9 +465,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Urumchi
 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
-# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
+# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
-# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
+# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
 #
 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
@@ -469,21 +479,6 @@ Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Urumchi
 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
-#
-# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
-#
-# The first few lines of the Google translation of
-# 
-# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
-# 
-# (retrieved 2009-10-13)
-# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
-# > 500 million yuan
-# >
-# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
-# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
-# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
-# > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
 
 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
@@ -494,7 +489,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Urumchi
 # 3. Urumqi...
 # 4. Kashgar...
 # ...
-# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
+# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
 #
@@ -506,10 +501,55 @@ Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Urumchi
 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
 
-Zone	Asia/Kashgar	5:03:56	-	LMT	1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
-			5:30	-	KAST	1940	 # Kashgar Time
-			5:00	-	KAST	1980 May
+# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
+# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
+# http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
+
+# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
+# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
+# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
+# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
+# Cochrane.  Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
+# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
+# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
+# and Beijing Time.  There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
+# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
+# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other.  The only
+# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
+# having the same time as Beijing.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but
+# this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
+# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
+# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
+# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
+#
+# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized.  E.g., see
+# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
+#  (2014-04-22).
+# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
+# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
+# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
+# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
+# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
+# quite a trick.  Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
+# XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
+# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
+# guess) as the transition from LMT.  Ignore the usage of UT+8 before
+# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and
+# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
+# UT+8 mandate back then.
+
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
+Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:43	-	LMT	1901
+			8:00	Shang	C%sT	1949
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
+# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
+# / Wulumuqi.  (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
+Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928
+			6:00	-	XJT
 
 
 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
@@ -524,15 +564,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Kashgar	5:03:56	-	LMT	1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
 # obtained from
-# 
 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
-# .
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
 # Here are the dates given at
-# 
 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
-# 
 # as of 2009-10-28:
 # Year        Period
 # 1941        1 Apr to 30 Sep
@@ -612,35 +648,113 @@ Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:42 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
 
 # Taiwan
 
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
-# was still controlled by Japan.  This is hard to believe, but we don't
-# have any other information.
-
 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
-# According to Taiwan's CWB,
-# 
+# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
-# 
 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07):
-# Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page:
-# Decade 	                                                    Name                      Start and end date
-# Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time               May 1 to September 30
-# 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952)                 Daylight Saving Time      March 1 to October 31
-# Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time      April 1 to October 31
-# In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years)            Daylight Saving Time      April 1 to September 30
-# Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959)       Summer Time               April 1 to September 30
-# Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961)       Summer Time               June 1 to September 30
-# Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time
-# Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD)       Daylight Saving Time      April 1 to September 30
-# Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD)       Stop Daylight Saving Time
-# Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979)                        Daylight Saving Time      July 1 to September 30
-# Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980)                  Stop Daylight Saving Time
+# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
+# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
+# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
+# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
+# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
+# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
+# found on Wikisource:
+# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
+# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
+# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
+# declared officially.
+#
+# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
+# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
+# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
+# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
+# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
+# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
+# (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
+# be found on Wikisource:
+# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
+#
+# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
+
+# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
+# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9
+# back to UTC+8 after WW2.  I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945.  In a document
+# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
+# zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21.  And in another
+# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
+# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time".  From these two
+# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21.  And
+# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
+# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
+# that:
+#
+# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
+# the time at 135E (GMT+9)
+#
+# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
+# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
+# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
+# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
+#
+# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
+# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
+# Time.
+#
+# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
+# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
+# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
+# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
+# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
+# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
+
+# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
+# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
+# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan.  It's Taiwan Governor-General
+# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
+# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
+# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
+# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21.  I think this bulletin is much more
+# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
+# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
+# would be a good one.
+# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
+# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
+
+# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
+# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
+# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
+#
+# Original Bulletin:
+# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
+# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
+#
+# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
+# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
+#
+# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
+#
+# Here is a brief translation:
+#
+#   The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
+#   midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
+#   adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
+#
+# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
+# be found from historical government announcement database.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
+# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01
+# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Taiwan	1946	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Taiwan	1946	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Taiwan	1947	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Taiwan	1947	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Taiwan	1948	1951	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Taiwan	1948	1951	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1952	only	-	Mar	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1952	1954	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1953	1959	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
@@ -648,11 +762,14 @@ Rule	Taiwan	1955	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1960	1961	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Taipei	8:06:00 -	LMT	1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
+# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
+Zone	Asia/Taipei	8:06:00 -	LMT	1896 Jan  1
+			8:00	-	JWST	1937 Oct  1
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 21  1:00
 			8:00	Taiwan	C%sT
 
 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
@@ -672,7 +789,7 @@ Rule	Macau	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=15	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Macau	7:34:20 -	LMT	1912
+Zone	Asia/Macau	7:34:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
 			8:00	Macau	MO%sT	1999 Dec 20 # return to China
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 
@@ -721,7 +838,7 @@ Link	Asia/Nicosia	Europe/Nicosia
 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow.  As a result it
 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
 # ahead.  The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
-# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
+# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
 # of integration into Europe.
 
 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
@@ -734,29 +851,31 @@ Link	Asia/Nicosia	Europe/Nicosia
 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
 
+# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
+# Go with Byalokoz.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:16 -	LMT	1880
-			2:59:16	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
+Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:11 -	LMT	1880
+			2:59:11	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
 			3:00	-	TBIT	1957 Mar    # Tbilisi Time
-			4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			3:00	1:00	TBIST	1991 Apr  9 # independence
-			3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT	1992 # Georgia Time
+			3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT	1992        # Georgia Time
 			3:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1994 Sep lastSun
 			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1996 Oct lastSun
 			4:00	1:00	GEST	1997 Mar lastSun
 			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	2004 Jun 27
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	GE%sT	2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	GE%sT	2005 Mar lastSun  2:00
 			4:00	-	GET
 
 # East Timor
 
 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
 
-# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
-# 
+# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
-#  (1999-12-26/31):
+#  (1999-12-26/31):
 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
@@ -766,25 +885,25 @@ Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:16 -	LMT	1880
 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
 
-# 
 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
-# (2000-08-16):
+# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
+# (2000-08-16):
 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour.  The time change,
 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912
+Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
 			8:00	-	TLT	1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
 			9:00	-	TLT	1976 May  3
-			8:00	-	WITA	2000 Sep 17 00:00
+			8:00	-	WITA	2000 Sep 17  0:00
 			9:00	-	TLT
 
 # India
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880	# Kolkata
+Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880        # Kolkata
 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
@@ -798,7 +917,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880	# Kolkata
 # Indonesia
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
-# 
+# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01.  Looking at some
 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
@@ -810,7 +929,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880	# Kolkata
 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
-# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
+# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
 # (Hollandia).  For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
@@ -835,7 +954,7 @@ Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
 # but this must be a typo.
 			7:07:12	-	BMT	1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
-			7:20	-	JAVT	1932 Nov	 # Java Time
+			7:20	-	JAVT	1932 Nov    # Java Time
 			7:30	-	WIB	1942 Mar 23
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
 			7:30	-	WIB	1948 May
@@ -861,7 +980,7 @@ Zone Asia/Makassar	7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
 Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
 			9:00	-	WIT	1944 Sep  1
-			9:30	-	CST	1964
+			9:30	-	ACST	1964
 			9:00	-	WIT
 
 # Iran
@@ -927,7 +1046,7 @@ Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
 #
-# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
+# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
 # daylight saving time ...
 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
@@ -993,7 +1112,7 @@ Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
-			3:25:44	-	TMT	1946	# Tehran Mean Time
+			3:25:44	-	TMT	1946     # Tehran Mean Time
 			3:30	-	IRST	1977 Nov
 			4:00	Iran	IR%sT	1979
 			3:30	Iran	IR%sT
@@ -1018,17 +1137,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
 # news sources (in Arabic):
-# 
 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
-# 
-# 
 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
-# 
 #
 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
-# 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Iraq	1982	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
@@ -1037,14 +1150,14 @@ Rule	Iraq	1983	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1984	1985	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1985	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
 Rule	Iraq	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	D
-# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
+# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
 #
 Rule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Apr	 1	3:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Oct	 1	3:00s	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
-			2:57:36	-	BMT	1918	    # Baghdad Mean Time?
+			2:57:36	-	BMT	1918     # Baghdad Mean Time?
 			3:00	-	AST	1982 May
 			3:00	Iraq	A%sT
 
@@ -1272,7 +1385,7 @@ Rule	Zion	2013	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:54 -	LMT	1880
-			2:20:40	-	JMT	1918	# Jerusalem Mean Time?
+			2:20:40	-	JMT	1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
 			2:00	Zion	I%sT
 
 
@@ -1281,15 +1394,15 @@ Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:54 -	LMT	1880
 
 # Japan
 
-# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
+# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
-# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
-# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
+# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
+# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
 
-# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
-# :
+# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
+# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
 # [1948-05-01]....  But lack of prior debate and the execution of
 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
@@ -1313,7 +1426,8 @@ Rule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 
 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
-# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
+# Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s),
+# 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N.
 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
@@ -1321,10 +1435,10 @@ Rule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 
 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
-# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
+# which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
 # standard time".  And the same ordinance also established "western standard
-# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree....  But "western standard
+# time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E....  But "western standard
 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937).  In the ordinance No.
 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
 # standard....
@@ -1332,27 +1446,33 @@ Rule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
 
-# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
-# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki.  Guess that all
-# ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
+# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
+# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
+# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
+# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
+#
+# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
+# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
+# Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
+# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
-			9:00	-	JST	1896
-			9:00	-	CJT	1938
+			9:00	-	JST	1896 Jan  1
+			9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
 			9:00	Japan	J%sT
 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
 
 # Jordan
 #
-# From 
-# Jordan Week (1999-07-01)  via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
+# From 
+# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
 # all year round.
 #
-# From 
-# Jordan Week (1999-09-30)  via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
+# From 
+# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
 # by one hour.  This is the latest government decision and it's final!
 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
@@ -1372,9 +1492,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
-# 
 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
-# 
 #
 # Google's translation:
 #
@@ -1465,9 +1583,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
 
-# 
-# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
-# 
+# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11
+#  (2005-03-21):
 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
@@ -1500,10 +1617,10 @@ Zone	Asia/Qyzylorda	4:21:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			6:00	-	KIZT	1982 Apr  1
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	KIZ%sT	1991
 			5:00	-	KIZT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
-			5:00	-	QYZT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
+			5:00	-	QYZT	1992 Jan 19  2:00
 			6:00 RussiaAsia	QYZ%sT	2005 Mar 15
 			6:00	-	QYZT
-# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
+# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk)
 Zone	Asia/Aqtobe	3:48:40	-	LMT	1924 May  2
 			4:00	-	AKTT	1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
 			5:00	-	AKTT	1981 Apr  1
@@ -1523,7 +1640,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Aqtau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2
 			6:00	-	SHET	1982 Apr  1
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	SHE%sT	1991
 			5:00	-	SHET	1991 Dec 16 # independence
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	1995 Mar lastSun  2:00 # Aqtau Time
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	2005 Mar 15
 			5:00	-	AQTT
 # West Kazakhstan
@@ -1532,7 +1649,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Oral	3:25:24	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ural'sk
 			5:00	-	URAT	1981 Apr  1
 			5:00	1:00	URAST	1981 Oct  1
 			6:00	-	URAT	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	URA%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	URA%sT	1989 Mar 26  2:00
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	URA%sT	1991
 			4:00	-	URAT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	ORA%sT	2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
@@ -1543,7 +1660,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Oral	3:25:24	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ural'sk
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
-# 
+# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system.  I take the article
 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
@@ -1558,17 +1675,17 @@ Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2004	-	Oct	lastSun	2:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00	-	FRUT	1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
-			6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	FRUST	1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
-			5:00	Kyrgyz	KG%sT	2005 Aug 12    # Kyrgyzstan Time
+			6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			5:00	1:00	FRUST	1991 Aug 31  2:00 # independence
+			5:00	Kyrgyz	KG%sT	2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
 			6:00	-	KGT
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Korea (North and South)
 
-# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
-# :
+# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
+# http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp
 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
 # the system may begin as early as 2008....  Korea ran a daylight
@@ -1581,19 +1698,29 @@ Rule	ROK	1960	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
 Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-01):
+# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger, except that I
+# guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
+# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
+# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Seoul	8:27:52	-	LMT	1890
 			8:30	-	KST	1904 Dec
-			9:00	-	KST	1928
+			9:00	-	JCST	1928
 			8:30	-	KST	1932
+			9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  8
 			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
 			8:00	ROK	K%sT	1961 Aug 10
 			8:30	-	KST	1968 Oct
 			9:00	ROK	K%sT
 Zone	Asia/Pyongyang	8:23:00 -	LMT	1890
 			8:30	-	KST	1904 Dec
-			9:00	-	KST	1928
+			9:00	-	JCST	1928
 			8:30	-	KST	1932
+			9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 24
 			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
 			8:00	-	KST	1961 Aug 10
 			9:00	-	KST
@@ -1602,21 +1729,13 @@ Zone	Asia/Pyongyang	8:23:00 -	LMT	1890
 
 # Kuwait
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
-# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
-# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
-# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
-# .
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
-# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
-# so for now we assume no DST.
 Zone	Asia/Kuwait	3:11:56 -	LMT	1950
 			3:00	-	AST
 
 # Laos
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Vientiane	6:50:24 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9 # or Viangchan
-			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
+Zone	Asia/Vientiane	6:50:24 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9       # or Viangchan
+			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11  0:01 # Saigon MT?
 			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
 			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
 			7:00	-	ICT
@@ -1657,8 +1776,8 @@ Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Sep	14	0:00	0:20	TS # one-Third Summer
 Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Dec	14	0:00	0	-
 #
 # peninsular Malaysia
-# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
-# .
+# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
+# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	6:46:46 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
@@ -1670,12 +1789,12 @@ Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	6:46:46 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 			7:30	-	MALT	1982 Jan  1
 			8:00	-	MYT	# Malaysia Time
 # Sabah & Sarawak
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
-# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
+# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
+# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Kuching	7:21:20	-	LMT	1926 Mar
-			7:30	-	BORT	1933	# Borneo Time
+			7:30	-	BORT	1933        # Borneo Time
 			8:00	NBorneo	BOR%sT	1942 Feb 16
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
 			8:00	-	BORT	1982 Jan  1
@@ -1683,22 +1802,21 @@ Zone Asia/Kuching	7:21:20	-	LMT	1926 Mar
 
 # Maldives
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880	# Male
-			4:54:00	-	MMT	1960	# Male Mean Time
-			5:00	-	MVT		# Maldives Time
+Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880 # Male
+			4:54:00	-	MMT	1960 # Male Mean Time
+			5:00	-	MVT	# Maldives Time
 
 # Mongolia
 
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
-# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
-# both say that it has just one.
+# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
+# (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
 
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
-# 
 # General Information Mongolia
-#  (1999-09)
+#  (1999-09)
 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
-# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
+# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
 # eight hours."
 
@@ -1709,7 +1827,7 @@ Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880	# Male
 # of implementation may have been different....
 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
-# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
+# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
@@ -1723,10 +1841,10 @@ Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880	# Male
 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
 # there are three time zones.
 #
-# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
-# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
-#	Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
-# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
+# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
+# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
+#	Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
+# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
 #
 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
 
@@ -1743,16 +1861,16 @@ Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880	# Male
 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
-# Windows XP as the source.  Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
+# Windows XP as the source.  Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
 # He also found
-# 
+# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
-# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
+# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
@@ -1768,29 +1886,23 @@ Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880	# Male
 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
 # database on this, e.g.:
 #
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
-# 
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
-# 
 #
 # both say GMT+08:00.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
 # schedule here:
-# 
 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
-# 
 # (click the English flag for English)
 #
-# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
+# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
-# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
-# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
+# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
+# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
-# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
+# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
@@ -1806,7 +1918,7 @@ Rule	Mongol	1983	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
 #
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
-# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
+# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
 # the country.  That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
@@ -1822,13 +1934,13 @@ Rule	Mongol	2002	2006	-	Mar	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
 Zone	Asia/Hovd	6:06:36 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-			6:00	-	HOVT	1978	# Hovd Time
+			6:00	-	HOVT	1978     # Hovd Time
 			7:00	Mongol	HOV%sT
 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
 Zone	Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-			7:00	-	ULAT	1978	# Ulaanbaatar Time
+			7:00	-	ULAT	1978     # Ulaanbaatar Time
 			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT
-# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
+# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
 Zone	Asia/Choibalsan	7:38:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
 			7:00	-	ULAT	1978
@@ -1860,7 +1972,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
-# Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
+# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
@@ -1892,43 +2004,30 @@ Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
 #
-# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
-# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
-# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
-# ...."
+# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
+# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
+# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
 #
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
-# 
-# OR
-# 
 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
-# 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
-# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
+# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
 # instead of August 31.
 #
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
-# 
-# OR
-# 
 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
-# 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
 # official working."
-# 
 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
-# 
 #
 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
@@ -1936,15 +2035,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
 # April 08, 2009
 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
-# 
 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
-# 
-#
-# or
-#
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
-# 
 #
 # ....
 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
@@ -1957,34 +2049,20 @@ Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
 # this regard."
-# 
 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
-# 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
-# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
-# 1, 2009.
+# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from
+# October 1, 2009.
 #
 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
-# 
 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
-# 
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
-# 
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
-# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
-# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
-# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
-# > 1, 2009.
 #
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
-# 
 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
-# 
 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
 # Monday."
@@ -1996,11 +2074,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
 #
 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
-# 
 
-# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
+# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
 
@@ -2016,22 +2092,17 @@ Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
 #
 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
-# 
 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
-# 
 #
 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
-# 
 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
-# 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:01	1:00	S
 Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:01	0	-
 Rule Pakistan	2008	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule Pakistan	2008	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
+Rule Pakistan	2008	2009	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
@@ -2105,10 +2176,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
-# Daoud Kuttab writes in
-# 
-# Holiday havoc
-#  (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
+# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
+# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html
+# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
@@ -2121,7 +2191,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
 # the Ramadan.  Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
-# earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
+# earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
@@ -2140,7 +2210,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
 # because of the Ramadan.
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
 
@@ -2157,16 +2227,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
 #
-# 
 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
-# 
-# 
 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
-# 
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
-# 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
@@ -2174,24 +2237,17 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
 #
 # (in Arabic)
-# 
 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
-# 
 #
-# or
 # (English translation)
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
 #
 # One news source:
-# 
 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
-# 
 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
@@ -2200,9 +2256,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 #
 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
-# 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
@@ -2212,51 +2266,35 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 #
 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
-# 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
 #
-# 
 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
-# 
 # (in Arabic)
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
 # noon though:
 #
-# 
 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
-# 
 # (Ma'an News Agency)
 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
 # According to several sources, including
-# 
 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
-# 
 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
 # Gaza and the West Bank.
 # Some more background info:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
@@ -2264,13 +2302,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
 # Ramadan.
 #
-# 
 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
-# 
 # Additional info:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
-# 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
@@ -2280,14 +2314,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
 # ...
-# 
 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
-# 
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
-# 
-# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
+# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
@@ -2295,26 +2324,18 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
 #
 # Many sources, including:
-# 
 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
 # Some of many sources in Arabic:
-# 
 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
-# 
 #
-# 
 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
-# 
 #
 # Our brief summary:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
@@ -2374,10 +2395,10 @@ Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
 			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
-			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2008 Aug 29 0:00
+			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2008 Aug 29  0:00
 			2:00	-	EET	2008 Sep
 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2010
-			2:00	-	EET	2010 Mar 27 0:01
+			2:00	-	EET	2010 Mar 27  0:01
 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2011 Aug  1
 			2:00	-	EET	2012
 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
@@ -2393,25 +2414,27 @@ Zone	Asia/Hebron	2:20:23	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 # no information
 
 # Philippines
-# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
+# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
-# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01.  Robert H. van Gent has a
-# transcript of the decree in .
-# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
+# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
+# History of the International Date Line
+# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
+# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
-# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
-# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
-# rainy season begins.  See
-# .
-# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
-#
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
 # but no details]
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
+# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
+# March-June, but this is not definite.  It also says DST was last proclaimed
+# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
+# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
+# Philippine Star 2014-08-05
+# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Phil	1937	only	-	Feb	1	0:00	0	-
@@ -2428,18 +2451,39 @@ Zone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 
 # Qatar
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920	# Al Dawhah / Doha
+Zone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920     # Al Dawhah / Doha
 			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
 			3:00	-	AST
 
 # Saudi Arabia
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
+# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
+# standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
+# has never been made official.  Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
+# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
+# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
+# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
+# o'clock for "Arab" time).
+#
+# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
+# we can do.  The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
+# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
+# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
+# Jidda, on March 14, 1947".  Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
+# earlier date.
+#
+# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
+# time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of
+# the country.  Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1950
+Zone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1947 Mar 14
 			3:00	-	AST
 
 # Singapore
-# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
-# .
+# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
+# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
@@ -2465,26 +2509,24 @@ Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
-# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
+# (, 1996-05-24,
 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
-# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
-# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
+# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
+# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
 #
 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
-# by Shamindra in
-# 
-# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
-# :
+# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
+#  (1996-10-26):
 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
 #  (2006-04-13):
 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
 
 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
-# 
+# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
@@ -2498,7 +2540,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
 #
-# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
+# I recollect before the recent change the government announcements
 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
 #
@@ -2508,7 +2550,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 # item....
 #
 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
-# adminsitrators.  In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
+# administrators.  In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
@@ -2523,13 +2565,13 @@ Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Colombo	5:19:24 -	LMT	1880
-			5:19:32	-	MMT	1906	# Moratuwa Mean Time
+			5:19:32	-	MMT	1906        # Moratuwa Mean Time
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Jan  5
 			5:30	0:30	IHST	1942 Sep
-			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 16 2:00
-			5:30	-	IST	1996 May 25 0:00
-			6:30	-	LKT	1996 Oct 26 0:30
-			6:00	-	LKT	2006 Apr 15 0:30
+			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 16  2:00
+			5:30	-	IST	1996 May 25  0:00
+			6:30	-	LKT	1996 Oct 26  0:30
+			6:00	-	LKT	2006 Apr 15  0:30
 			5:30	-	IST
 
 # Syria
@@ -2580,7 +2622,7 @@ Rule	Syria	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
 Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
-# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
@@ -2589,7 +2631,7 @@ Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
-# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
+# Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
 #
 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
@@ -2605,8 +2647,7 @@ Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Nov	 Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
 
 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
-# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
-# are now using:
+# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so....
 # Country     Time Standard   --- DST Start ---   --- DST End ---  DST
 # Name        Zone Variation   Time    Date        Time    Date
 # Variation
@@ -2618,16 +2659,15 @@ Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Nov	 Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
 # Agency (SANA)...
-# 
 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
-# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
+# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
-# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
+# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
 # compilers can't handle  or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
@@ -2640,37 +2680,27 @@ Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Nov	 Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
 # clocks back 60 minutes).
 #
-# 
 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
 # two examples:
 #
-# 
 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
-# 
 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
-# 
 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
-# 
 # (Arabic, gov-site)
 #
 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
 #
 # Our summary
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
-# 
 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
-# 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
@@ -2681,23 +2711,17 @@ Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Nov	 Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
-# 
 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
 #
 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
-# 
 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
-# 
 #
 # Our brief summary:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
-# 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
@@ -2710,7 +2734,7 @@ Rule	Syria	2012	max	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	2009	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920	# Dimashq
+Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920 # Dimashq
 			2:00	Syria	EE%sT
 
 # Tajikistan
@@ -2718,9 +2742,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920	# Dimashq
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00	-	DUST	1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
-			6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	DUSST	1991 Sep  9 2:00s
-			5:00	-	TJT		    # Tajikistan Time
+			6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			5:00	1:00	DUSST	1991 Sep  9  2:00s
+			5:00	-	TJT	# Tajikistan Time
 
 # Thailand
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -2733,9 +2757,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Bangkok	6:42:04	-	LMT	1880
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Ashgabat	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
 			4:00	-	ASHT	1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Oct 27 # independence
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	TM%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	TM%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00
 			5:00	-	TMT
 
 # United Arab Emirates
@@ -2744,8 +2768,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Dubai	3:41:12 -	LMT	1920
 			4:00	-	GST
 
 # Uzbekistan
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
+Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:53 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			4:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
 			5:00	-	SAMT	1981 Apr  1
 			5:00	1:00	SAMST	1981 Oct  1
@@ -2753,9 +2778,10 @@ Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	SAM%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
 			5:00	-	UZT
-Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
+# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
+Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:11 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00	-	TAST	1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
-			6:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00
+			6:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
 			5:00	-	UZT
@@ -2769,13 +2795,13 @@ Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # and Pottenger.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
-# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
-# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
+# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
+# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
 
 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	7:06:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
-			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
+			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11  0:01 # Saigon MT?
 			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
 			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
 			7:00	-	ICT
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/australasia b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/australasia
index 94c9adb912c..52d32904178 100644
--- a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/australasia
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/australasia
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
     # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
@@ -36,13 +35,13 @@
 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Jan	 1	0:01	1:00	-
-Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Aus	1943	1944	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Aus	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Jan	 1	0:01	1:00	D
+Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Aus	1943	1944	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Aus	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00	1:00	D
 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944.  Ignore Whitman's claim that
 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
@@ -50,26 +49,26 @@ Rule	Aus	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Northern Territory
 Zone Australia/Darwin	 8:43:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			 9:00	-	CST	1899 May
-			 9:30	Aus	CST
+			 9:00	-	ACST	1899 May
+			 9:30	Aus	AC%sT
 # Western Australia
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	AW	1974	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AW	1975	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AW	1983	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AW	1984	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AW	1991	only	-	Nov	17	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AW	1992	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AW	2006	only	-	Dec	 3	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AW	2007	2009	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AW	2007	2008	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AW	1974	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AW	1975	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AW	1983	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AW	1984	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AW	1991	only	-	Nov	17	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AW	1992	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AW	2006	only	-	Dec	 3	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AW	2007	2009	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AW	2007	2008	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Zone Australia/Perth	 7:43:24 -	LMT	1895 Dec
-			 8:00	Aus	WST	1943 Jul
-			 8:00	AW	WST
+			 8:00	Aus	AW%sT	1943 Jul
+			 8:00	AW	AW%sT
 Zone Australia/Eucla	 8:35:28 -	LMT	1895 Dec
-			 8:45	Aus	CWST	1943 Jul
-			 8:45	AW	CWST
+			 8:45	Aus	ACW%sT	1943 Jul
+			 8:45	AW	ACW%sT
 
 # Queensland
 #
@@ -85,150 +84,150 @@ Zone Australia/Eucla	 8:35:28 -	LMT	1895 Dec
 # so use Lindeman.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AQ	1989	1991	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AQ	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Holiday	1992	1993	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	Holiday	1993	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AQ	1989	1991	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AQ	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	Holiday	1992	1993	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	Holiday	1993	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Zone Australia/Brisbane	10:12:08 -	LMT	1895
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1971
-			10:00	AQ	EST
+			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971
+			10:00	AQ	AE%sT
 Zone Australia/Lindeman  9:55:56 -	LMT	1895
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1971
-			10:00	AQ	EST	1992 Jul
-			10:00	Holiday	EST
+			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971
+			10:00	AQ	AE%sT	1992 Jul
+			10:00	Holiday	AE%sT
 
 # South Australia
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	AS	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AS	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AS	1987	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AS	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	1991	only	-	Mar	3	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	1992	only	-	Mar	22	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	1993	only	-	Mar	7	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	1994	only	-	Mar	20	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	2006	only	-	Apr	2	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AS	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AS	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AS	1987	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AS	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	1991	only	-	Mar	3	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	1992	only	-	Mar	22	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	1993	only	-	Mar	7	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	1994	only	-	Mar	20	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	2006	only	-	Apr	2	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Adelaide	9:14:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			9:00	-	CST	1899 May
-			9:30	Aus	CST	1971
-			9:30	AS	CST
+			9:00	-	ACST	1899 May
+			9:30	Aus	AC%sT	1971
+			9:30	AS	AC%sT
 
 # Tasmania
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
-# 
+# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	AT	1967	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AT	1968	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	1968	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AT	1969	1971	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	1982	1983	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	1984	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	1986	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AT	1987	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	1987	only	-	Oct	Sun>=22	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AT	1988	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AT	1991	1999	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AT	1991	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AT	2001	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AT	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AT	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	AT	1967	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AT	1968	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AT	1968	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AT	1969	1971	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AT	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AT	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AT	1982	1983	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AT	1984	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AT	1986	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AT	1987	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AT	1987	only	-	Oct	Sun>=22	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AT	1988	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AT	1991	1999	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AT	1991	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AT	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AT	2001	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AT	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AT	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AT	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Hobart	9:49:16	-	LMT	1895 Sep
-			10:00	-	EST	1916 Oct 1 2:00
-			10:00	1:00	EST	1917 Feb
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1967
-			10:00	AT	EST
+			10:00	-	AEST	1916 Oct  1  2:00
+			10:00	1:00	AEDT	1917 Feb
+			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1967
+			10:00	AT	AE%sT
 Zone Australia/Currie	9:35:28	-	LMT	1895 Sep
-			10:00	-	EST	1916 Oct 1 2:00
-			10:00	1:00	EST	1917 Feb
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1971 Jul
-			10:00	AT	EST
+			10:00	-	AEST	1916 Oct  1  2:00
+			10:00	1:00	AEDT	1917 Feb
+			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971 Jul
+			10:00	AT	AE%sT
 
 # Victoria
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	AV	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AV	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	1986	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AV	1988	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AV	1991	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AV	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AV	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AV	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AV	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AV	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AV	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AV	1986	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AV	1988	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AV	1991	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AV	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AV	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AV	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AV	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AV	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AV	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AV	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1971
-			10:00	AV	EST
+			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971
+			10:00	AV	AE%sT
 
 # New South Wales
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	AN	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AN	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	1982	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	1983	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AN	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AN	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	1996	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AN	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AN	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AN	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AN	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AN	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AN	1982	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AN	1983	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AN	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AN	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AN	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AN	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AN	1996	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AN	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AN	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	AN	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AN	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AN	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	AN	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Sydney	10:04:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1971
-			10:00	AN	EST
+			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971
+			10:00	AN	AE%sT
 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			10:00	-	EST	1896 Aug 23
-			9:00	-	CST	1899 May
-			9:30	Aus	CST	1971
-			9:30	AN	CST	2000
-			9:30	AS	CST
+			10:00	-	AEST	1896 Aug 23
+			9:00	-	ACST	1899 May
+			9:30	Aus	AC%sT	1971
+			9:30	AN	AC%sT	2000
+			9:30	AS	AC%sT
 
 # Lord Howe Island
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	LH	1981	1984	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	LH	1982	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	1985	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-
-Rule	LH	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00	0:30	-
-Rule	LH	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-
-Rule	LH	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	1996	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-
-Rule	LH	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-
-Rule	LH	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0:30	-
+Rule	LH	1981	1984	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	LH	1982	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
+Rule	LH	1985	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	D
+Rule	LH	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	S
+Rule	LH	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00	0:30	D
+Rule	LH	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	D
+Rule	LH	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
+Rule	LH	1996	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	S
+Rule	LH	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00	0:30	D
+Rule	LH	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	D
+Rule	LH	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
+Rule	LH	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	S
+Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
+Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0:30	D
 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			10:00	-	EST	1981 Mar
-			10:30	LH	LHST
+			10:00	-	AEST	1981 Mar
+			10:30	LH	LH%sT
 
 # Australian miscellany
 #
@@ -244,8 +243,8 @@ Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919.  See the
 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
-# 
-# .
+# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828
+# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831
 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
@@ -256,16 +255,16 @@ Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 #
 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
-# will produce a binary file with an EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
+# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
 # pre-2013 versions of localtime.
 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0	-	zzz	1899 Nov
-			10:00	-	EST	1916 Oct 1 2:00
-			10:00	1:00	EST	1917 Feb
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1919 Apr 1 0:00s
+			10:00	-	AEST	1916 Oct  1  2:00
+			10:00	1:00	AEDT	1917 Feb
+			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1919 Apr  1  0:00s
 			0	-	zzz	1948 Mar 25
-			10:00	Aus	EST	1967
-			10:00	AT	EST	2010 Apr 4 3:00
+			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1967
+			10:00	AT	AE%sT	2010 Apr  4  3:00
 			11:00	-	MIST	# Macquarie I Standard Time
 
 # Christmas
@@ -273,24 +272,14 @@ Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0	-	zzz	1899 Nov
 Zone Indian/Christmas	7:02:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			7:00	-	CXT	# Christmas Island Time
 
-# Cook Is
-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Cook	1978	only	-	Nov	12	0:00	0:30	HS
-Rule	Cook	1979	1991	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Cook	1979	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	HS
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Rarotonga	-10:39:04 -	LMT	1901		# Avarua
-			-10:30	-	CKT	1978 Nov 12	# Cook Is Time
-			-10:00	Cook	CK%sT
-
-# Cocos
+# Cocos (Keeling) Is
 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:27:40	-	LMT	1900
 			6:30	-	CCT	# Cocos Islands Time
 
+
 # Fiji
 
 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
@@ -300,20 +289,13 @@ Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:27:40	-	LMT	1900
 # from November 29th 2009  to April 25th 2010.
 #
 # "Daylight savings to commence this month"
-# 
 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
-# 
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
 # amendments:
-# 
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
@@ -322,35 +304,24 @@ Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:27:40	-	LMT	1900
 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
 #
 # Official source:
-# 
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
-# 
 #
 # A bit more background info here:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
-# 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
-# 
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
-# 
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
 #
-# 
-# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
-# 
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
 # which says
 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
@@ -360,9 +331,7 @@ Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:27:40	-	LMT	1900
 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
 #
-# 
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
-# 
 # states:
 #
 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
@@ -400,16 +369,16 @@ Rule	Fiji	2011	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2012	2013	-	Jan	Sun>=18	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2014	max	-	Jan	Sun>=18	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Fiji	11:55:44 -	LMT	1915 Oct 26	# Suva
+Zone	Pacific/Fiji	11:55:44 -	LMT	1915 Oct 26 # Suva
 			12:00	Fiji	FJ%sT	# Fiji Time
 
 # French Polynesia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Gambier	 -8:59:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Rikitea
+Zone	Pacific/Gambier	 -8:59:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Rikitea
 			 -9:00	-	GAMT	# Gambier Time
 Zone	Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 -	LMT	1912 Oct
 			 -9:30	-	MART	# Marquesas Time
-Zone	Pacific/Tahiti	 -9:58:16 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Papeete
+Zone	Pacific/Tahiti	 -9:58:16 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Papeete
 			-10:00	-	TAHT	# Tahiti Time
 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
 # it is uninhabited.
@@ -417,14 +386,14 @@ Zone	Pacific/Tahiti	 -9:58:16 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Papeete
 # Guam
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Guam	-14:21:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
-			 9:39:00 -	LMT	1901		# Agana
-			10:00	-	GST	2000 Dec 23	# Guam
+			 9:39:00 -	LMT	1901        # Agana
+			10:00	-	GST	2000 Dec 23 # Guam
 			10:00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time
 
 # Kiribati
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Tarawa	 11:32:04 -	LMT	1901		# Bairiki
-			 12:00	-	GILT		 # Gilbert Is Time
+Zone Pacific/Tarawa	 11:32:04 -	LMT	1901 # Bairiki
+			 12:00	-	GILT	# Gilbert Is Time
 Zone Pacific/Enderbury	-11:24:20 -	LMT	1901
 			-12:00	-	PHOT	1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
 			-11:00	-	PHOT	1995
@@ -438,7 +407,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Kiritimati	-10:29:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Saipan	-14:17:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 			 9:43:00 -	LMT	1901
-			 9:00	-	MPT	1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
+			 9:00	-	MPT	1969 Oct    # N Mariana Is Time
 			10:00	-	MPT	2000 Dec 23
 			10:00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time
 
@@ -449,24 +418,24 @@ Zone Pacific/Majuro	11:24:48 -	LMT	1901
 			12:00	-	MHT
 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein	11:09:20 -	LMT	1901
 			11:00	-	MHT	1969 Oct
-			-12:00	-	KWAT	1993 Aug 20	# Kwajalein Time
+			-12:00	-	KWAT	1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
 			12:00	-	MHT
 
 # Micronesia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Chuuk	10:07:08 -	LMT	1901
-			10:00	-	CHUT			# Chuuk Time
-Zone Pacific/Pohnpei	10:32:52 -	LMT	1901		# Kolonia
-			11:00	-	PONT			# Pohnpei Time
+			10:00	-	CHUT	# Chuuk Time
+Zone Pacific/Pohnpei	10:32:52 -	LMT	1901 # Kolonia
+			11:00	-	PONT	# Pohnpei Time
 Zone Pacific/Kosrae	10:51:56 -	LMT	1901
-			11:00	-	KOST	1969 Oct	# Kosrae Time
+			11:00	-	KOST	1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
 			12:00	-	KOST	1999
 			11:00	-	KOST
 
 # Nauru
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Nauru	11:07:40 -	LMT	1921 Jan 15	# Uaobe
-			11:30	-	NRT	1942 Mar 15	# Nauru Time
+Zone	Pacific/Nauru	11:07:40 -	LMT	1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
+			11:30	-	NRT	1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1944 Aug 15
 			11:30	-	NRT	1979 May
 			12:00	-	NRT
@@ -479,7 +448,7 @@ Rule	NC	1996	only	-	Dec	 1	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
 Rule	NC	1997	only	-	Mar	 2	2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Noumea	11:05:48 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13
+Zone	Pacific/Noumea	11:05:48 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
 			11:00	NC	NC%sT
 
 
@@ -496,7 +465,8 @@ Rule	NZ	1934	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	0	M
 Rule	NZ	1934	1940	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0:30	S
 Rule	NZ	1946	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	S
 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
-# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
+# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition
+# so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
 Rule	NZ	1974	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Chatham	1974	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:45s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZ	1975	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
@@ -519,13 +489,14 @@ Rule	Chatham	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:45s	0	S
 Zone Pacific/Auckland	11:39:04 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2
 			11:30	NZ	NZ%sT	1946 Jan  1
 			12:00	NZ	NZ%sT
-Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:13:48 -	LMT	1957 Jan  1
+Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:13:48 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2
+			12:15	-	CHAST	1946 Jan  1
 			12:45	Chatham	CHA%sT
 
 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
 
 # Auckland Is
-# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
+# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
 # and scientific personnel have wintered
 
 # Campbell I
@@ -534,48 +505,58 @@ Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
 
+# Cook Is
+# From Shanks & Pottenger:
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Cook	1978	only	-	Nov	12	0:00	0:30	HS
+Rule	Cook	1979	1991	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Cook	1979	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	HS
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Rarotonga	-10:39:04 -	LMT	1901        # Avarua
+			-10:30	-	CKT	1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
+			-10:00	Cook	CK%sT
+
 ###############################################################################
 
 
 # Niue
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Niue	-11:19:40 -	LMT	1901		# Alofi
-			-11:20	-	NUT	1951	# Niue Time
-			-11:30	-	NUT	1978 Oct 1
+Zone	Pacific/Niue	-11:19:40 -	LMT	1901        # Alofi
+			-11:20	-	NUT	1951        # Niue Time
+			-11:30	-	NUT	1978 Oct  1
 			-11:00	-	NUT
 
 # Norfolk
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Norfolk	11:11:52 -	LMT	1901		# Kingston
-			11:12	-	NMT	1951	# Norfolk Mean Time
-			11:30	-	NFT		# Norfolk Time
+Zone	Pacific/Norfolk	11:11:52 -	LMT	1901 # Kingston
+			11:12	-	NMT	1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
+			11:30	-	NFT	# Norfolk Time
 
 # Palau (Belau)
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Palau	8:57:56 -	LMT	1901		# Koror
+Zone Pacific/Palau	8:57:56 -	LMT	1901 # Koror
 			9:00	-	PWT	# Palau Time
 
 # Papua New Guinea
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880
-			9:48:32	-	PMMT	1895	# Port Moresby Mean Time
-			10:00	-	PGT		# Papua New Guinea Time
+			9:48:32	-	PMMT	1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
+			10:00	-	PGT	# Papua New Guinea Time
 
 # Pitcairn
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Pitcairn	-8:40:20 -	LMT	1901		# Adamstown
-			-8:30	-	PNT	1998 Apr 27 00:00
+Zone Pacific/Pitcairn	-8:40:20 -	LMT	1901        # Adamstown
+			-8:30	-	PNT	1998 Apr 27  0:00
 			-8:00	-	PST	# Pitcairn Standard Time
 
 # American Samoa
 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago	 12:37:12 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
 			-11:22:48 -	LMT	1911
-			-11:30	-	SAMT	1950		# Samoa Time
-			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr	# N=Nome
-			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30	# B=Bering
-			-11:00	-	SST			# S=Samoa
+			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr    # N=Nome
+			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
+			-11:00	-	SST	            # S=Samoa
 
-# Samoa
+# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
@@ -586,141 +567,80 @@ Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago	 12:37:12 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
 # Sunday of April 2011."
 #
 # Background info:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
-# 
 #
 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
 # contain any dates:
-# 
 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
-# 
 
 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
 # Please see
-# 
 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws
-# ,
 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
 
 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
-# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website
-# 
-# www.mcil.gov.ws
-# 
+# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf]
 #
-# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME
-#
-# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision,
-# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight
-# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11).
-#
-# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes
-# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011,
-# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be
-# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
-#
-# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE,
-# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011
+# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am
+# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to
+# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock
+# (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
 
-# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09):
+# From David Zülke (2011-05-09):
 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
 #
-# 
 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
-# 
 
-# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17):
-# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law
-# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she
-# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather
-# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But
-# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa
-# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13:
-#
-# International Date Line Bill 2011
-#
-# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make
-# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date
-# Line, and for related purposes.
-#
-# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament
-# assembled as follows:
-#
-# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the
-# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act
-# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3)
-# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State.
-#
-# [snip]
-#
-# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any
-# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the
-# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time.
-#
-# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa
-# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated
-# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's
-# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and
-# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to
-# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this
-# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that
-# it defines Samoa standard time....
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
+# The International Date Line Act 2011
+# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
+# changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
+# Thursday 29th December 2011".  The International Date Line was adjusted
+# accordingly.
 
 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
-# 
 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
-# 
 #
 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
 #
 # DST
-# Year	End	Time	Start	Time
-# 2011	- - -	- - -	24 September	3:00am to 4:00am
-# 2012	01 April	4:00am to 3:00am	- - -	- - -
+# Year  End      Time              Start        Time
+# 2011  - - -    - - -             24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
+# 2012  01 April 4:00am to 3:00am  - - -        - - -
 #
 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
 # Thursday 29th December 2011	23:59:59 Hours
 # Saturday 31st December 2011	00:00:00 Hours
 #
-# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03):
-# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012
-# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on
-# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below.
-#
-# From Nicky (2012-09-10):
+# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
-# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.
-#
-# Please find link below for more information.
+# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
 #
-# That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well
-# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the
-# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
+# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
+# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
 
-# Western Samoa
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	WS	2010	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1	D
+Rule	WS	2011	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	4:00	0	S
+Rule	WS	2011	only	-	Sep	lastSat	3:00	1	D
+Rule	WS	2012	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	4:00	0	S
 Rule	WS	2012	max	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	1	D
-Rule	WS	2012	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	4:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Apia	 12:33:04 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
 			-11:26:56 -	LMT	1911
-			-11:30	-	SAMT	1950		# Samoa Time
-			-11:00	-	WST	2010 Sep 26
-			-11:00	1:00	WSDT	2011 Apr 2 4:00
-			-11:00	-	WST	2011 Sep 24 3:00
-			-11:00	1:00	WSDT	2011 Dec 30
-			 13:00	1:00	WSDT	2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00
+			-11:30	-	WSST	1950
+			-11:00	WS	S%sT	2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa
 			 13:00	WS	WS%sT
 
 # Solomon Is
 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Honiara
+Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Honiara
 			11:00	-	SBT	# Solomon Is Time
 
 # Tokelau Is
@@ -744,7 +664,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Honiara
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Fakaofo	-11:24:56 -	LMT	1901
-			-11:00	-	TKT 2011 Dec 30	# Tokelau Time
+			-11:00	-	TKT	2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
 			13:00	-	TKT
 
 # Tonga
@@ -804,8 +724,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901
 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
-# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976
-# .
+# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976.
+# http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf
 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
 # Minus One Hour".
@@ -820,7 +740,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901
 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
-# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
+# reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly
 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast.  As it uses some time zone
 # designations that I've never seen before:....
@@ -830,9 +750,9 @@ Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901
 Zone Pacific/Midway	-11:49:28 -	LMT	1901
 			-11:00	-	NST	1956 Jun  3
 			-11:00	1:00	NDT	1956 Sep  2
-			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr	# N=Nome
-			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30	# B=Bering
-			-11:00	-	SST			# S=Samoa
+			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr    # N=Nome
+			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
+			-11:00	-	SST	            # S=Samoa
 
 # Palmyra
 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
@@ -852,7 +772,7 @@ Rule	Vanuatu	1985	1991	-	Sep	Sun>=23	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Vanuatu	1992	1993	-	Jan	Sun>=23	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Vanuatu	1992	only	-	Oct	Sun>=23	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13		# Vila
+Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Vila
 			11:00	Vanuatu	VU%sT	# Vanuatu Time
 
 # Wallis and Futuna
@@ -864,9 +784,10 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # NOTES
 
-# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
@@ -887,165 +808,188 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
-# .
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
+# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
-# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
+# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
 # Corrections are welcome!
-#		std dst
-#		LMT	Local Mean Time
-#	  8:00	WST WST	Western Australia
-#	  8:45	CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
-#	  9:00	JST	Japan
-#	  9:30	CST CST	Central Australia
-#	 10:00	EST EST	Eastern Australia
-#	 10:00	ChST	Chamorro
-#	 10:30	LHST LHST Lord Howe*
-#	 11:30	NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
-#	 12:00	NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
-#	 12:45	CHAST CHADT Chatham*
-#	-11:00	SST	Samoa
-#	-10:00	HST	Hawaii
-#	- 8:00	PST	Pitcairn*
+#		std	dst
+#		LMT		Local Mean Time
+#	  8:00	AWST	AWDT	Western Australia
+#	  8:45	ACWST	ACWDT	Central Western Australia*
+#	  9:00	JST		Japan
+#	  9:30	ACST	ACDT	Central Australia
+#	 10:00	AEST	AEDT	Eastern Australia
+#	 10:00	ChST		Chamorro
+#	 10:30	LHST	LHDT	Lord Howe*
+#	 11:30	NZMT	NZST	New Zealand through 1945
+#	 12:00	NZST	NZDT	New Zealand 1946-present
+#	 12:15	CHAST		Chatham through 1945*
+#	 12:45	CHAST	CHADT	Chatham 1946-present*
+#	 13:00	WSST	WSDT	(western) Samoa 2011-present*
+#	-11:30	WSST		Western Samoa through 1950*
+#	-11:00	SST		Samoa
+#	-10:00	HST		Hawaii
+#	- 8:00	PST		Pitcairn*
 #
-# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
-# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
+# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
+# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Australia
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
+# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
+# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
+# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
+# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
+# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
+# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
+# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
+# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
+# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
+# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
+
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
-# 
 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
-#  summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
+# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
+# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
-# 
 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
-#  covers New South Wales in particular.
+# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving
+# covers New South Wales in particular.
 
 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
-# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
-# It is called `summer' time.  Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
-# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
+# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time.
+# It is called 'summer' time.  Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer'
+# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
 # abbreviation does _not_ change...
 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
-# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
+# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight
 # time'.
 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
-# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
-# or `Eastern Summer Time'.  (Note, though, that as I say in the
+# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time'
+# or 'Eastern Summer Time'.  (Note, though, that as I say in the
 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.)  Announcers
 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
-# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
+# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times;
 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
-# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
-#	CST	for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
-#	WST	for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
-#	EST	for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
-
-# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
-# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
-# 
-# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
-# 
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
-# versus "AEST" etc.:
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
 #
-# I see the following points of dispute:
+# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this
+# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer
+# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST".
+# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common
+# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints
+# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage.
+# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important;
+# what matters is the abbreviation.  It's difficult to survey the web
+# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for
+# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an
+# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the
+# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries:
 #
-# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
+#   10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits]
+#   10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au
+#   10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au
+#   13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au
+#   18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au
+#   28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au
+#   39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits]
+#   53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits]
+#   54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au
+#  182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au
 #
-#   Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
-#   Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
-#   operation of software.  We have other instances of ambiguity
-#   (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
-#   Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
-#   In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
-#   abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
-#   think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
+#   17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits]
+#   46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au
 #
-#   On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
-#   abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion.  This is
-#   particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
-#   time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
+# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but
+# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits.  I also looked for pages
+# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since
+# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found:
 #
-# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
+#  156 "western standard time" AWST site:au
+#  226 "western standard time" WST site:au
 #
-#   Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
-#   many other countries.  We Americans are currently disagreeing about
-#   which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
-#   Time, for example.
+# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as
+# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au"
+# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results.
+# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT".  The papers
+# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail,
+# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser,
+# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle).
 #
-#   Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
-#   refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
-#   tiebreaker.
+# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations
+# like "AEDT" are new.  A Trove search 
+# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style
+# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't
+# fully indexed.  The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations
+# like "AEDT".  The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather
+# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column
+# (1993-01-24, p 16).  The style was the typical usage but was not
+# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..."
+# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and
+# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel
+# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two
+# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political
+# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party."
 #
-# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
-#   Summer Time"?  Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
-#   the word "Australian"?
+# I also surveyed federal government sources.  They did not agree:
 #
-#   My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
-#   common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
-#   popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
-#   often than not.  I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
-#   following count of page hits:
+#   The Australian Government (2014-03-26)
+#   http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time
+#   (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.)
+#   AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
 #
-#     1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
-#       971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
-#       613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
-#       127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
+#   Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08)
+#   http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml
+#   EST CST WST EDT CDT
 #
-#   Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
-#   particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
-#   say.  The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
-#   Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
+#   Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated)
+#   http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml
+#   EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST)
 #
-#   For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
-#   ambiguity.  Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
-#   many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones.  But here
-#   are the hit counts anyway:
+#   Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24)
+#   http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp
+#   AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
 #
-#     161,304 "EST" and domain:au
-#      25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
-#      18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
-#      10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
+#   Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10)
+#   http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf
+#   EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used
 #
-#      14,538 "CST" and domain:au
-#       5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
-#         176 "ACST" and domain:au
-#          29 "ACDT" and domain:au
+#   The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports,
+#   and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like.
+#   Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits:
+#   311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT".
+#   "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to
+#   appear in reports of events with international implications.
 #
-#       7,539 "WST" and domain:au
-#          68 "AWST" and domain:au
-#
-#   This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
-#   practice.  The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
-#   the ambiguities involved.
-#
-# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
-#
-#   If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
-#   against.  One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
-#   saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
-#   understood in Australia.
+# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in
+# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although
+# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in
+# the minority.  The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it
+# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all
+# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments,
+# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A".  The current
+# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and
+# "AEDT" for Australian time zones.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
-# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
+# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time.
 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
 
 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
@@ -1055,17 +999,14 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # relevant entries in this database.
 #
 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
-# 
 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
-# 
+# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html
 # ACT
-# 
 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
-# 
+# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html
 # SA
-# 
 # Standard Time Act, 1898
-# 
+# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html
 
 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
@@ -1083,7 +1024,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
 # allude to it.
 # But not Queensland
-# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
+# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html
 
 # Northern Territory
 
@@ -1130,9 +1071,9 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
 # it matches what was used in the past.
 
-# 
 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
-#  (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
+# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm
+# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
 
 # Queensland
@@ -1173,9 +1114,9 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
 
 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
-# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
+# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
 # WA are trialing DST for three years.
-# 
+# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf
 
 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
@@ -1189,7 +1130,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
 # This is confirmed by the section entitled
 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in
-# .
+# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html
 #
 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
@@ -1337,7 +1278,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Based on law library research by John Mackin,
 # who notes:
 #	In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
-#	individual states.  Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
+#	individual states.  Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time"
 #	[I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
 #	use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
 #	legislation.  This is very important to understand.
@@ -1345,48 +1286,42 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
-# October in 2000.  [See: Matthew Moore,
-# 
-# Two months more daylight saving
-# 
-# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
+# October in 2000.  See: Matthew Moore,
+# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).
+# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
 # See the following official NSW source:
-# 
 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
-# 
+# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ
 #
 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
 # daylight saving next year.  See:
-# 
 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
-#  (1999-07-22).  For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
+# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm
+# (1999-07-22).  For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
 #
 # Victoria will following NSW.  See:
-# 
-# Vic to extend daylight saving
-#  (1999-07-28).
+# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28)
+# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm
 #
 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request.  See:
-# 
-# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
-#  (1999-07-19).
+# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19)
+# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm
 #
 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics.  See:
-# 
 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
-#  (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
-# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
+# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm
+# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
+# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
-# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
+# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules."
 #
 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000.  See:
-# 
-# Broken Hill to be behind the times
-#  (1999-07-21).
+# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21)
+# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm
 
 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
@@ -1402,7 +1337,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Yancowinna
 
 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
-# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
+# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # # YANCOWINNA..  [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
@@ -1459,9 +1394,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # summer (southern hemisphere).
 #
 # From
-# 
 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
-# 
 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
@@ -1471,9 +1404,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
 #
 # We have a wrap-up here:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
-# 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # New Zealand
@@ -1482,7 +1413,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
-# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
+# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # # The Country of New Zealand   (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
@@ -1524,6 +1455,19 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
+# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
+# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26).
+# http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf
+# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
+# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
+# time in the Chatham Islands.  The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
+# Zealand time.  I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
+# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
+# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
+# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
+# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
+
 ###############################################################################
 
 
@@ -1543,7 +1487,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # From the BBC World Service in
 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
-# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
+# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
 # of the new millennium.
@@ -1551,16 +1495,12 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
 
-# Johnston
-
-# Johnston data is from usno1995.
-
 
 # Kiribati
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
-# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
+# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
 
 
@@ -1575,8 +1515,8 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # N Mariana Is, Guam
 
-# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
-# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
+# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
+# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
 # see Asia/Manila.
@@ -1590,17 +1530,16 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Micronesia
 
 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
-# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
-# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
+# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
+# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
 #
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
-# 
-# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
-#  (1999-01-26)
+# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
+# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
 
@@ -1646,27 +1585,34 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
 
 
-# Samoa
+# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
 
 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
-# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
-# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
-# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
+# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
+# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
+# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
 
+# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30
+# in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11
+# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
+# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
+# Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950,
+# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
+# day in 2011.  Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
+# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
 
 # Tonga
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
-# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
-# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
+# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
+# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
 
 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
-# 
-# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
-# :
-
+# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins':
+# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm
+#
 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT.  When New Zealand adjusted its
 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
@@ -1674,8 +1620,8 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
 #
-# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
-# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
+# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
+# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
 #
 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
@@ -1701,9 +1647,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November
 #
 # I was given this link by John Letts:
-# 
 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
-# 
 #
 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
@@ -1711,9 +1655,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # (12 + 1 hour DST).
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
-# According to 
-# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
-# :
+# According to :
 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
 # third Saturday of April.  Under the system approved by Privy Council on
@@ -1731,7 +1673,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
-# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
+# (Original URL was )
 
 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
@@ -1751,7 +1693,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
 #
-# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ...  The time was all the
+# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ...  The time was all the
 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays.  Furthermore, we
 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
@@ -1796,7 +1738,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # on the high seas.  Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
 # nation it would use that nation's standard time.  The captain was permitted
 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
-# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight.  These zones were
+# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight.  These zones were
 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
 # independent merchant ships until World War II.
 
@@ -1804,6 +1746,6 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # (2005-03-20):
 #
 # The American Practical Navigator (2002)
-# 
+# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187
 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/backward b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/backward
index 5afe9a317ff..ba012f45733 100644
--- a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/backward
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/backward
@@ -21,15 +21,15 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
     # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This file provides links between current names for time zones
 # and their old names.  Many names changed in late 1993.
 
+# Link	TARGET			LINK-NAME
 Link	Africa/Asmara		Africa/Asmera
-Link	Africa/Bamako		Africa/Timbuktu
+Link	Africa/Abidjan		Africa/Timbuktu
 Link	America/Argentina/Catamarca	America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia
 Link	America/Adak		America/Atka
 Link	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires	America/Buenos_Aires
@@ -50,8 +50,11 @@ Link	America/Port_of_Spain	America/Virgin
 Link	Pacific/Auckland	Antarctica/South_Pole
 Link	Asia/Ashgabat		Asia/Ashkhabad
 Link	Asia/Kolkata		Asia/Calcutta
-Link	Asia/Chongqing		Asia/Chungking
+Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Chongqing
+Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Chungking
 Link	Asia/Dhaka		Asia/Dacca
+Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Harbin
+Link	Asia/Urumqi		Asia/Kashgar
 Link	Asia/Kathmandu		Asia/Katmandu
 Link	Asia/Macau		Asia/Macao
 Link	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	Asia/Saigon
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/etcetera b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/etcetera
index ebaa5fdfc04..d2fb91c9dd6 100644
--- a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/etcetera
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/etcetera
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
     # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ Zone	Etc/UTC		0	-	UTC
 Zone	Etc/UCT		0	-	UCT
 
 # The following link uses older naming conventions,
-# but it belongs here, not in the file `backward',
+# but it belongs here, not in the file 'backward',
 # as functions like gmtime load the "GMT" file to handle leap seconds properly.
 # We want this to work even on installations that omit the other older names.
 Link	Etc/GMT				GMT
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/europe b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/europe
index 226c393a0f2..0c5f5667da9 100644
--- a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/europe
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/europe
@@ -21,15 +21,15 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
     # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
-# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-05-31):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
 #
+# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
+#
 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
 #
@@ -49,9 +52,9 @@
 #	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
 #	which I found in the UCLA library.
 #
-#	
 #	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
-#	 (1914-03)
+#	
+#	[PDF] (1914-03)
 #
 #	Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
 #	.  He writes:
@@ -59,10 +62,20 @@
 #	may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
 #	Savile Row, London."  Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
 #
-#	Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
-#	
+#	Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
+#	This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
+#	http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
+#	The full Russian citation is:
+#	Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток
+#	введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го
+#	июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
+#	Десятая гос. тип., 1919.
+#	http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
+#
+#	Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
 #	History of Summer Time
-#	 (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
+#	
+#	(1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
 
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
@@ -81,10 +94,8 @@
 #        1:00       CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
 #        1:00:14    SET           Swedish (1879-1899)*
 #        2:00       EET EEST      Eastern Europe
-#        3:00       MSK MSD       Moscow
-#
-# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
+#        3:00       FET           Further-eastern Europe*
+#        3:00       MSK MSD  MSM* Moscow
 
 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
@@ -128,7 +139,7 @@
 # along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
 #
 # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
-# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
+# position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should
 # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
 #
 # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
@@ -160,8 +171,22 @@
 # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01.  We don't know as much
 # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
-# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19):
+# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time
+# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year.
+# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the
+# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946),
+# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value
+# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research.
+# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society
+# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift.  See:
+# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg.
+# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734
+# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html
+# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal
+# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten.
+#
+# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915),
 # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
 # who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
@@ -174,7 +199,7 @@
 # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
 # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
 # subscription and open to the public.  On the south face of the monolith,
-# designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial,
+# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
 # which is permanently set to Summer Time.
 
 # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
@@ -183,9 +208,9 @@
 # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
 # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
 # foundations of civilization throughout the world.
-#	-- 
-#	"A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
-#	
+#	-- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
+#	republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26
+#	http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
@@ -194,7 +219,6 @@
 # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
-#
 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
 
@@ -221,8 +245,8 @@
 # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
 # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
 # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
-# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
-# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png
+# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
+# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png
 
 # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
 # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
@@ -239,23 +263,14 @@
 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
 # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
 # and extending this list, which can be found in
-# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/
-# 
-# History of legal time in Britain
-# 
-# Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer
-# exists, and the article can now be found at:
-# 
 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
-# 
 
 # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
 #
 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech
-# 
-# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
-# .
+# http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0
+# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 #
@@ -295,8 +310,8 @@
 #   -- James Joyce, Ulysses
 
 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
-# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie.  These include
-# various relating to legal time, for example:
+# Irish laws are available online at .
+# These include various relating to legal time, for example:
 #
 # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
 #
@@ -458,25 +473,27 @@ Rule	GB-Eire 1990	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=22	1:00u	0	GMT
 # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1 0:00s
+Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1  0:00s
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
-			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
+			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
 			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
 Link	Europe/London	Europe/Jersey
 Link	Europe/London	Europe/Guernsey
 Link	Europe/London	Europe/Isle_of_Man
+
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Dublin	-0:25:00 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
-			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00
-			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 2:00s
+			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21  2:00
+			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1  2:00s
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1921 Dec  6 # independence
-			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1940 Feb 25 2:00
-			 0:00	1:00	IST	1946 Oct  6 2:00
-			 0:00	-	GMT	1947 Mar 16 2:00
-			 0:00	1:00	IST	1947 Nov  2 2:00
-			 0:00	-	GMT	1948 Apr 18 2:00
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1940 Feb 25  2:00
+			 0:00	1:00	IST	1946 Oct  6  2:00
+			 0:00	-	GMT	1947 Mar 16  2:00
+			 0:00	1:00	IST	1947 Nov  2  2:00
+			 0:00	-	GMT	1948 Apr 18  2:00
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1968 Oct 27
-			 1:00	-	IST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
+			 1:00	-	IST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1996
 			 0:00	EU	GMT/IST
 
@@ -495,10 +512,9 @@ Rule	EU	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 Rule	EU	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	EU	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002.  See:
-# 
 # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
 # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
-# 
+# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT
 
 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
 Rule	W-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
@@ -521,18 +537,18 @@ Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	C-Eur	1944	only	-	Oct	 2	 2:00s	0	-
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
 #
 # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
 # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
-# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the
+# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
 # tz database itself, as seen below:
 #
 # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15  0:01
 #    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16  3:00
 #
 # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
-#    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
+#    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16  3:00
 #
 # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
 #    1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16  2:00s
@@ -576,16 +592,16 @@ Rule	E-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	E-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	MST	# Moscow Summer Time
-Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	MMT	# Moscow Mean Time
-Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	MDST	# Moscow Double Summer Time
+Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	MST  # Moscow Summer Time
+Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	MMT  # Moscow Mean Time
+Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
 Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	1:00	MST
 Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	MDST
-Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
-Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	MSD
+Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	MSK
+Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	MSD
+Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	MSM  # Midsummer
+Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	MSD
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
 Rule	Russia	1981	1984	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
@@ -607,14 +623,10 @@ Rule	Russia	1996	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
 #
 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
-# 
 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
-# 
 #
 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
-# 
 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
-# 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
@@ -634,10 +646,10 @@ Zone	EET		2:00	EU	EE%sT
 # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
 # The official German names ... are
 #
-#	Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ)         = UTC+01:00
-#	Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ)  = UTC+02:00
+#	Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ)         = UTC+01:00
+#	Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ)  = UTC+02:00
 #
-# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
+# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
 # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
 # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
 #
@@ -692,7 +704,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Tirane	1:19:20 -	LMT	1914
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Andorra	0:06:04 -	LMT	1901
 			0:00	-	WET	1946 Sep 30
-			1:00	-	CET	1985 Mar 31 2:00
+			1:00	-	CET	1985 Mar 31  2:00
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Austria
@@ -718,9 +730,9 @@ Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:21 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1920
-			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1 2:00s
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
-			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Apr 12 2:00s
+			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1  2:00s
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00s
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Apr 12  2:00s
 			1:00	-	CET	1946
 			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
@@ -731,38 +743,29 @@ Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:21 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
 #
 # Sources (Russian language):
-# 1.
-# 
 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
-# 
-# 2.
-# 
 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
-# 
-# 3.
-# 
 # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
-# 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Minsk	1:50:16 -	LMT	1880
-			1:50	-	MMT	1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
+			1:50	-	MMT	1924 May  2 # Minsk Mean Time
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 28
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul  3
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
-			3:00	-	MSK	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29 0:00s
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27 0:00s
-			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
+			3:00	-	MSK	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
+			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29  0:00s
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27  0:00s
+			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			3:00	-	FET
 
 # Belgium
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
 #	Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
-#	Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
+#	Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
 #	(Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
 #	pp 8-9.
 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
@@ -812,7 +815,7 @@ Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	May	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	 2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:30 -	LMT	1880
-			0:17:30	-	BMT	1892 May  1 12:00 # Brussels MT
+			0:17:30	-	BMT	1892 May  1 12:00  # Brussels MT
 			0:00	-	WET	1914 Nov  8
 			1:00	-	CET	1916 May  1  0:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Nov 11 11:00u
@@ -828,8 +831,8 @@ Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:30 -	LMT	1880
 #
 # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
 # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
-# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
-# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
+# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
+# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Mar	31	23:00	1:00	S
@@ -842,7 +845,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Sofia	1:33:16 -	LMT	1880
 			1:56:56	-	IMT	1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
 			2:00	-	EET	1942 Nov  2  3:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
-			1:00	-	CET	1945 Apr 2 3:00
+			1:00	-	CET	1945 Apr  2  3:00
 			2:00	-	EET	1979 Mar 31 23:00
 			2:00	Bulg	EE%sT	1982 Sep 26  2:00
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
@@ -866,15 +869,15 @@ Rule	Czech	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Czech	1949	only	-	Apr	 9	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Prague	0:57:44 -	LMT	1850
-			0:57:44	-	PMT	1891 Oct     # Prague Mean Time
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 17 2:00s
+			0:57:44	-	PMT	1891 Oct    # Prague Mean Time
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 17  2:00s
 			1:00	Czech	CE%sT	1979
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
 
 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
 # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
 # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
 # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
@@ -884,7 +887,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Prague	0:57:44 -	LMT	1850
 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
 #
 # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
-# in subsequenet decrees with the law
+# in subsequent decrees with the law
 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
 #
 # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980.  I have
@@ -899,7 +902,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Prague	0:57:44 -	LMT	1850
 # was suspended on that night):
 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
 # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
 # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
 
@@ -923,11 +926,11 @@ Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	Aug	 8	 2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Copenhagen	 0:50:20 -	LMT	1890
 			 0:50:20 -	CMT	1894 Jan  1 # Copenhagen MT
-			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
-			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
+			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2  2:00s
+			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
 			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1980
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
-Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
+Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
 			 0:00	-	WET	1981
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 #
@@ -939,11 +942,11 @@ Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
 # and left the EU on 1985-02-01.  It therefore should have been using EU
-# rules at least through 1984.  Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab
+# rules at least through 1984.  Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
 # rules since at least 1991.  Assume EU rules since 1980.
 
-# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing
+# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
 #  (2001-03-15),
 # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
 #
@@ -978,16 +981,16 @@ Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
 # DPC research station at Zackenberg.
 #
 # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
-# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab).
+# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb).
 #
-# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it
+# The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it
 # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
 # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
 #
 # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
 # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
 # maintaining traffic in these areas.  However, the official status of
-# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time.  This area might be
+# this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time.  This area might be
 # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
@@ -996,8 +999,8 @@ Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
-# the 1995 map as like Godthab.
-# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996.
+# the 1995 map as like Godthåb.
+# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996.
 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
@@ -1012,15 +1015,15 @@ Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
-			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
+			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6  2:00
 			-3:00	EU	WG%sT	1996
 			0:00	-	GMT
 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
-			-2:00	-	CGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
+			-2:00	-	CGT	1980 Apr  6  2:00
 			-2:00	C-Eur	CG%sT	1981 Mar 29
 			-1:00	EU	EG%sT
 Zone America/Godthab	-3:26:56 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
-			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
+			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6  2:00
 			-3:00	EU	WG%sT
 Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
 			-4:00	Thule	A%sT
@@ -1042,17 +1045,16 @@ Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
 # summer time next spring."
 
 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
-# 
 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
-# 
+# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
-# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
+# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
 #
 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
 
-# From The Baltic Times (1999-09-09)
+# From The Baltic Times  (1999-09-09)
 # via Steffen Thorsen:
 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
@@ -1070,19 +1072,19 @@ Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
 # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
 # Now we are using again EU rules.
 #
-# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28):
+# From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28):
 # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
-			1:39:00	-	TMT	1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
+			1:39:00	-	TMT	1918 Feb    # Tallinn Mean Time
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1919 Jul
 			1:39:00	-	TMT	1921 May
 			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  6
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 15
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 22
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep 24 2:00s
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep 24  2:00s
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998 Sep 22
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	1999 Nov  1
 			2:00	-	EET	2002 Feb 21
@@ -1104,35 +1106,45 @@ Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
 # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
 # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
 # Finnish) at
-#
-# 
 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
-# 
 #
 # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
 # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
 #
 # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
-#
-# 
 # http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
-# 
 #
 # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
 # exist tonight."
 
+# From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13):
+# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
+# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
+# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
+# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
+# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
+# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
+# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
+# Go with Oja over Shanks.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Oct	3	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	2	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Oct	4	1:00	0	-
 Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	-
+
+# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
+# round to nearest.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Helsinki	1:39:52 -	LMT	1878 May 31
-			1:39:52	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time
+Zone	Europe/Helsinki	1:39:49 -	LMT	1878 May 31
+			1:39:49	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time
 			2:00	Finland	EE%sT	1983
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
-# Aaland Is
+# Åland Is
 Link	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Mariehamn
 
 
@@ -1140,14 +1152,14 @@ Link	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Mariehamn
 
 # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
 #
-# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions
+# Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions
 # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
 #
-# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
+# Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel,
 # Paris, 1991
 #
-# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
-# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987
+# Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie,
+# Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987
 
 
 #
@@ -1188,16 +1200,16 @@ Rule	France	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
 # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
-# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
-# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
-# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
+# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez,
+# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La
+# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
 # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
-# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
+# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois,
 # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
 Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
 # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
 # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
-# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
+# who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
 # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
 Rule	France	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	2:00	M
@@ -1218,7 +1230,7 @@ Rule	France	1976	only	-	Sep	26	 1:00	0	-
 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
-			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11  0:01  # Paris MT
+			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11  0:01 # Paris MT
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
 			0:00	France	WE%sT	1940 Jun 14 23:00
 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
@@ -1235,15 +1247,13 @@ Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
 # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
 
-# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23):
+# From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
-# 
-# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
+# http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
+# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
-# 
 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
-# 
 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
 # this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
@@ -1268,23 +1278,23 @@ Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Berlin	0:53:28 -	LMT	1893 Apr
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May 24 2:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May 24  2:00
 			1:00 SovietZone	CE%sT	1946
 			1:00	Germany	CE%sT	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
-# Busingen , surrounded by the Swiss canton
+# Büsingen , surrounded by the Swiss canton
 # Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
 # (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
 # DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
 # which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
 #
-# Source for the time in Busingen 1980:
+# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980:
 # http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
-# Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
+# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
 
 Link	Europe/Zurich	Europe/Busingen
 
@@ -1295,8 +1305,8 @@ Link	Europe/Zurich	Europe/Busingen
 
 # Gibraltar
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Gibraltar	-0:21:24 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2 0:00s
-			0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1957 Apr 14 2:00
+Zone Europe/Gibraltar	-0:21:24 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2  0:00s
+			0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1957 Apr 14  2:00
 			1:00	-	CET	1982
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
@@ -1327,7 +1337,7 @@ Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Athens	1:34:52 -	LMT	1895 Sep 14
-			1:34:52	-	AMT	1916 Jul 28 0:01     # Athens MT
+			1:34:52	-	AMT	1916 Jul 28  0:01 # Athens MT
 			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1941 Apr 30
 			1:00	Greece	CE%sT	1944 Apr  4
 			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1981
@@ -1336,15 +1346,20 @@ Zone	Europe/Athens	1:34:52 -	LMT	1895 Sep 14
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Hungary
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
+# Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from:
+# Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945.
+# National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29).
+# http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html
+# This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks
+# & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates).
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Apr	 1	 3:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Sep	29	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Sep	16	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Apr	15	 3:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Sep	15	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Hungary	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	 3:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Hungary	1920	only	-	Sep	30	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Nov	24	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	May	 1	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	Nov	 3	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1946	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1946	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=4	 2:00s	1:00	S
@@ -1360,7 +1375,7 @@ Rule	Hungary	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	 1:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Budapest	1:16:20 -	LMT	1890 Oct
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918
-			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1941 Apr  6  2:00
+			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1941 Apr  8
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
 			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1980 Sep 28  2:00s
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
@@ -1423,7 +1438,7 @@ Rule	Iceland	1967	only	-	Oct	29	 1:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik	-1:27:24 -	LMT	1837
 			-1:27:48 -	RMT	1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
-			-1:00	Iceland	IS%sT	1968 Apr 7 1:00s
+			-1:00	Iceland	IS%sT	1968 Apr  7  1:00s
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Italy
@@ -1438,9 +1453,8 @@ Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik	-1:27:24 -	LMT	1837
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
 # F. Pollastri
-# 
 # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
-# 
+# http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html
 # ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
 # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
 #
@@ -1500,8 +1514,8 @@ Rule	Italy	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Rome	0:49:56 -	LMT	1866 Sep 22
-			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov  1 0:00s # Rome Mean
-			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
+			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov  1  0:00s # Rome Mean
+			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2  2:00s
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul
 			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
@@ -1548,18 +1562,18 @@ Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/San_Marino
 
 # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
 # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
-# 
 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
-# 29-Feb-2000 (#79), in Latvian for subscribers only).
+# 29-Feb-2000 (#79) ,
+# in Latvian for subscribers only).
 
-# 
-# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
-# 
+# From RFE/RL Newsline
+# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html
+# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
 # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
 # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
 # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
 # clocks one hour in the spring....
-# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few
+# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few
 # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
 # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
 # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
@@ -1569,18 +1583,23 @@ Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/San_Marino
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
+
+# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34.
+# Go with Byalokoz.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Riga	1:36:24	-	LMT	1880
-			1:36:24	-	RMT	1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
-			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
-			1:36:24	-	RMT	1919 Apr  1 2:00
-			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1919 May 22 3:00
-			1:36:24	-	RMT	1926 May 11
+Zone	Europe/Riga	1:36:34	-	LMT	1880
+			1:36:34	-	RMT	1918 Apr 15  2:00 # Riga MT
+			1:36:34	1:00	LST	1918 Sep 16  3:00 # Latvian ST
+			1:36:34	-	RMT	1919 Apr  1  2:00
+			1:36:34	1:00	LST	1919 May 22  3:00
+			1:36:34	-	RMT	1926 May 11
 			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  5
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jul
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct 13
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar lastSun  2:00s
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep lastSun  2:00s
 			2:00	Latvia	EE%sT	1997 Jan 21
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2000 Feb 29
 			2:00	-	EET	2001 Jan  2
@@ -1614,7 +1633,7 @@ Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
 # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
 # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
 
-# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
+# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) ,
 # via Steffen Thorsen:
 # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
 # to be valid here starting from October 31,
@@ -1623,9 +1642,9 @@ Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
 # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
 # already done by Estonia.
 
-# From the 
-# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
-#  (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
+# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
+#  (2000-03-27):
+# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
 
 # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
 # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
@@ -1638,18 +1657,18 @@ Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Vilnius	1:41:16	-	LMT	1880
-			1:24:00	-	WMT	1917	    # Warsaw Mean Time
+			1:24:00	-	WMT	1917        # Warsaw Mean Time
 			1:35:36	-	KMT	1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
 			1:00	-	CET	1920 Jul 12
 			2:00	-	EET	1920 Oct  9
 			1:00	-	CET	1940 Aug  3
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 24
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998
-			2:00	-	EET	1998 Mar 29 1:00u
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT	1999 Oct 31 1:00u
+			2:00	-	EET	1998 Mar 29  1:00u
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT	1999 Oct 31  1:00u
 			2:00	-	EET	2003 Jan  1
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
@@ -1683,9 +1702,9 @@ Rule	Lux	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Luxembourg	0:24:36 -	LMT	1904 Jun
 			1:00	Lux	CE%sT	1918 Nov 25
-			0:00	Lux	WE%sT	1929 Oct  6 2:00s
-			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 14 3:00
-			1:00	C-Eur	WE%sT	1944 Sep 18 3:00
+			0:00	Lux	WE%sT	1929 Oct  6  2:00s
+			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 14  3:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	WE%sT	1944 Sep 18  3:00
 			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
@@ -1702,9 +1721,9 @@ Rule	Malta	1975	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Malta	1975	1980	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Malta	1980	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2 0:00s # Valletta
-			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
+Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2  0:00s # Valletta
+			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2  2:00s
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00s
 			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1973 Mar 31
 			1:00	Malta	CE%sT	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
@@ -1719,7 +1738,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2 0:00s # Valletta
 # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
 # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
 # But [two people] separately reported via
-# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
+# Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
 # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
 #
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
@@ -1728,13 +1747,8 @@ Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2 0:00s # Valletta
 # to the Winter Time).
 #
 # News (in Russian):
-# 
 # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
-# 
-#
-# 
 # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
-# 
 #
 # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
 # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
@@ -1752,9 +1766,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2 0:00s # Valletta
 # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
 # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
 # News from Moldova (in russian):
-# 
 # http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
-# 
 
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -1777,8 +1789,8 @@ Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1880
 # more precise 0:09:21.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Monaco	0:29:32 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15
-			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
-			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16 3:00
+			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
+			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16  3:00
 			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
@@ -1822,8 +1834,8 @@ Zone	Europe/Monaco	0:29:32 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15
 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
 # Amsterdam mean time.
 
-# The data before 1945 are taken from
-# .
+# The data entries before 1945 are taken from
+# http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	NST	# Netherlands Summer Time
@@ -1854,8 +1866,8 @@ Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:32 -	LMT	1835
 			0:19:32	Neth	%s	1937 Jul  1
-			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
+			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 16  0:00 # Dutch Time
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
 			1:00	Neth	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
@@ -1885,14 +1897,14 @@ Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
 # time they were declared as parts of Norway.  Svalbard was declared
 # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
 # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
-# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and
-# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html).  The law/regulation
+#  and
+# ).  The law/regulation
 # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
 # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
 # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
-# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
+# ) I have not been
 # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
-# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
+# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by
 # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
 # since 1921.  Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
 # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
@@ -1907,7 +1919,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
 #  says that the meteorologists
 # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
 # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
-# frequent air ttacks from Germans.  In 1943 the Americans established a
+# frequent air attacks from Germans.  In 1943 the Americans established a
 # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City".  Possibly
 # the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
 # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
@@ -1918,7 +1930,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
 #  says that the Germans were
 # expelled on 1942-05-14.  However, small parties of Germans did return,
 # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
-# 
+# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html
 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
 # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
 #
@@ -1927,6 +1939,10 @@ Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
 Link	Europe/Oslo	Arctic/Longyearbyen
 
 # Poland
+
+# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20),
+#  pp 1-2.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Poland	1918	1919	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Poland	1919	only	-	Apr	15	2:00s	1:00	S
@@ -1937,9 +1953,9 @@ Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Apr	29	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
 # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
-# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
-# 
-# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
+# Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
+# http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1
+# Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
 # He also gives these further references:
 # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) 
 # Druk nr 2180 (2003) 
@@ -1959,10 +1975,10 @@ Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1962	1964	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880
-			1:24:00	-	WMT	1915 Aug  5   # Warsaw Mean Time
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Sep 16 3:00
+			1:24:00	-	WMT	1915 Aug  5 # Warsaw Mean Time
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Sep 16  3:00
 			2:00	Poland	EE%sT	1922 Jun
-			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1940 Jun 23 2:00
+			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1940 Jun 23  2:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
 			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1988
@@ -1970,6 +1986,14 @@ Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880
 
 # Portugal
 #
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
+# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
+# Round the old offset to -0:36:45.  This agrees with Willett but disagrees
+# with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for
+# Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira.
+#
 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
@@ -2049,35 +2073,34 @@ Rule	Port	1979	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1980	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1983	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
-# Willett says 1912-01-01.  Go with Willett.
-Zone	Europe/Lisbon	-0:36:32 -	LMT	1884
-			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  # Lisbon Mean Time
-			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00
-			 1:00	-	CET	1976 Sep 26 1:00
-			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
-			 0:00	W-Eur	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
-			 1:00	EU	CE%sT	1996 Mar 31 1:00u
+Zone	Europe/Lisbon	-0:36:45 -	LMT	1884
+			-0:36:45 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1 # Lisbon Mean Time
+			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1966 Apr  3  2:00
+			 1:00	-	CET	1976 Sep 26  1:00
+			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
+			 0:00	W-Eur	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27  1:00s
+			 1:00	EU	CE%sT	1996 Mar 31  1:00u
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
-Zone Atlantic/Azores	-1:42:40 -	LMT	1884		# Ponta Delgada
-			-1:54:32 -	HMT	1911 May 24  # Horta Mean Time
-			-2:00	Port	AZO%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00 # Azores Time
-			-1:00	Port	AZO%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
-			-1:00	W-Eur	AZO%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
-			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1993 Mar 28 1:00u
+Zone Atlantic/Azores	-1:42:40 -	LMT	1884        # Ponta Delgada
+			-1:54:32 -	HMT	1912 Jan  1 # Horta Mean Time
+			-2:00	Port	AZO%sT	1966 Apr  3  2:00  # Azores Time
+			-1:00	Port	AZO%sT	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
+			-1:00	W-Eur	AZO%sT	1992 Sep 27  1:00s
+			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1993 Mar 28  1:00u
 			-1:00	EU	AZO%sT
-Zone Atlantic/Madeira	-1:07:36 -	LMT	1884		# Funchal
-			-1:07:36 -	FMT	1911 May 24  # Funchal Mean Time
-			-1:00	Port	MAD%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00 # Madeira Time
-			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
+Zone Atlantic/Madeira	-1:07:36 -	LMT	1884        # Funchal
+			-1:07:36 -	FMT	1912 Jan  1 # Funchal Mean Time
+			-1:00	Port	MAD%sT	1966 Apr  3  2:00 # Madeira Time
+			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 
 # Romania
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
-# 
-# Nine O'clock (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
+# Nine O'clock 
+# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998.  For lack of better info,
 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
 # the same year as Bulgaria.
@@ -2094,32 +2117,28 @@ Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
-			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24	# Bucharest MT
-			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29 2:00s
+			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
+			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29  2:00s
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
 			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1994
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
+
 # Russia
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
 # Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011
 # (Government document
-# 
 # http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
-# 
 # in Russian)
 # there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
 # All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
 # by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
-# 
 
 # From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
 # Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
-# 
 # http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
 # They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
 
@@ -2128,16 +2147,12 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
 # changed in September 2011:
 #
 # One source is
-# < a href="http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/>
 # http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
-# 
 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
 # 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
 #
 # Another source is
-# 
 # http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
-# 
 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
 # Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
 # contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
@@ -2145,28 +2160,45 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
 # does not contain any "effective date" information.
 #
 # Another source is
-# 
 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
-# 
 # which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011...
 # Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
 # but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
 #
 # The Wikipedia article refers to
-# 
 # http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
-# 
 # which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
 #
 # Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
 # "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
-# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to get
-# September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias Conradi notes).
+# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to
+# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias
+# Conradi notes).
 #
 # None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
 #
 # Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
 
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):
+# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
+# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
+# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
+# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones.  The new
+# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...
+# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
+# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
+# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
+# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
+#
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
+# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
+# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
+# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
+# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
+# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this:
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
+
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
@@ -2193,9 +2225,9 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
 #
 # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
 # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
-# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth.  A rumor that it was
+# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth.  A rumor that it was
 # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
-# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began
+# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
 # enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
@@ -2206,107 +2238,265 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
 # since September 1997....  Although the Kuril Islands are
 # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
 # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
-#
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
+# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
+# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
+# are covered by each zone.  They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
+# listing.  The region codes listed come from
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
+# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
+# future stability.  ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
+# divisions where available.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-#
-# Kaliningradskaya oblast'.
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
+# 39	RU-KGD	Kaliningrad Oblast
+
 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
 			 2:00	Poland	CE%sT	1946
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
+			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	FET	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 2:00	-	EET
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Europe/Moscow covers...
+# 01	RU-AD	Adygea, Republic of
+# 05	RU-DA	Dagestan, Republic of
+# 06	RU-IN	Ingushetia, Republic of
+# 07	RU-KB	Kabardino-Balkar Republic
+# 08	RU-KL	Kalmykia, Republic of
+# 09	RU-KC	Karachay-Cherkess Republic
+# 10	RU-KR	Karelia, Republic of
+# 11	RU-KO	Komi Republic
+# 12	RU-ME	Mari El Republic
+# 13	RU-MO	Mordovia, Republic of
+# 15	RU-SE	North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
+# 16	RU-TA	Tatarstan, Republic of
+# 20	RU-CE	Chechen Republic
+# 21	RU-CU	Chuvash Republic
+# 23	RU-KDA	Krasnodar Krai
+# 26	RU-STA	Stavropol Krai
+# 29	RU-ARK	Arkhangelsk Oblast
+# 31	RU-BEL	Belgorod Oblast
+# 32	RU-BRY	Bryansk Oblast
+# 33	RU-VLA	Vladimir Oblast
+# 35	RU-VLG	Vologda Oblast
+# 36	RU-VOR	Voronezh Oblast
+# 37	RU-IVA	Ivanovo Oblast
+# 40	RU-KLU	Kaluga Oblast
+# 44	RU-KOS	Kostroma Oblast
+# 46	RU-KRS	Kursk Oblast
+# 47	RU-LEN	Leningrad Oblast
+# 48	RU-LIP	Lipetsk Oblast
+# 50	RU-MOS	Moscow Oblast
+# 51	RU-MUR	Murmansk Oblast
+# 52	RU-NIZ	Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
+# 53	RU-NGR	Novgorod Oblast
+# 57	RU-ORL	Oryol Oblast
+# 58	RU-PNZ	Penza Oblast
+# 60	RU-PSK	Pskov Oblast
+# 61	RU-ROS	Rostov Oblast
+# 62	RU-RYA	Ryazan Oblast
+# 67	RU-SMO	Smolensk Oblast
+# 68	RU-TAM	Tambov Oblast
+# 69	RU-TVE	Tver Oblast
+# 71	RU-TUL	Tula Oblast
+# 73	RU-ULY	Ulyanovsk Oblast
+# 76	RU-YAR	Yaroslavl Oblast
+# 77	RU-MOW	Moscow
+# 78	RU-SPE	Saint Petersburg
+# 83	RU-NEN	Nenets Autonomous Okrug
+
+# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
+# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
+# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
+# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
+# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.)
+# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by
+# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg.  In 1916 LMT Moscow
+# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
+# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
+# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19.  LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
+# 2:31:19 ...
 #
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast',
-# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast',
-# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
-# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya,
-# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya,
-# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya,
-# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi,
-# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast',
-# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El,
-# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast',
-# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug,
-# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast',
-# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast',
-# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg,
-# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast',
-# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan,
-# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast',
-# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast',
-# Yaroslavskaya oblast'
-Zone Europe/Moscow	 2:30:20 -	LMT	1880
-			 2:30	-	MMT	1916 Jul  3 # Moscow Mean Time
-			 2:30:48 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
+# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
+# Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
+# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
+# Russian and French.  This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
+
+Zone Europe/Moscow	 2:30:17 -	LMT	1880
+			 2:30:17 -	MMT	1916 Jul  3 # Moscow Mean Time
+			 2:31:19 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1  2:00
+			 3:00	Russia	%s	1921 Oct
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1922 Oct
 			 2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 4:00	-	MSK
+			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	MSK
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Europe/Simferopol covers...
+# **	****	Crimea, Republic of
+# **	****	Sevastopol
+
+Zone Europe/Simferopol	 2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
+			 2:16	-	SMT	1924 May  2 # Simferopol Mean T
+			 2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
+			 3:00	-	MSK	1941 Nov
+			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Apr 13
+			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
+			 3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1  2:00
+			 2:00	-	EET	1992
+# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
 #
-# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast',
-# Volgogradskaya oblast'.  Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400
-# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300.  Perhaps it switched after the
-# others?  But we have no data.
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
+# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
+# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
+# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  Shanks & Pottenger simply say
+# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right.  For now, guess it
+# changed in May.
+			 2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1994 May
+# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
+			 3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996 Mar 31  3:00s
+			 3:00	1:00	MSD	1996 Oct 27  3:00s
+# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
+# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
+			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1997
+			 3:00	-	MSK	1997 Mar lastSun  1:00u
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
+# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
+# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
+# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
+# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
+# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
+			 2:00	EU	EE%sT	2014 Mar 30  2:00
+			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	MSK
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Europe/Volgograd covers...
+# 30	RU-AST	Astrakhan Oblast
+# 34	RU-VGG	Volgograd Oblast
+# 43	RU-KIR	Kirov Oblast
+# 64	RU-SAR	Saratov Oblast
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09):
+# Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300.
+# Perhaps it switched after the others?  But we have no data.
+
 Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
 			 3:00	-	TSAT	1925 Apr  6 # Tsaritsyn Time
 			 3:00	-	STAT	1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
 			 4:00	-	STAT	1961 Nov 11
-			 4:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
-			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 4:00	-	VOLT	1992 Mar 29 2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 4:00	-	VOLT
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika
-Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1 2:00
+			 4:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1989 Mar 26  2:00s # Volgograd T
+			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	VOLT	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	MSK	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	MSK
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Europe/Samara covers...
+# 18	RU-UD	Udmurt Republic
+# 63	RU-SAM	Samara Oblast
+
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
+
+Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:20 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  2:00
 			 3:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21
 			 4:00	-	SAMT	1935 Jan 27
-			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
-			 3:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 2:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			 3:00	-	KUYT	1991 Oct 20 3:00
-			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
-			 3:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26  2:00s # Kuybyshev
+			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	KUYT	1991 Oct 20  3:00
+			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2010 Mar 28  2:00s # Samara Time
+			 3:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	SAMT
 
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
+# 02	RU-BA	Bashkortostan, Republic of
+# 90	RU-PER	Perm Krai
+# 45	RU-KGN	Kurgan Oblast
+# 56	RU-ORE	Orenburg Oblast
+# 66	RU-SVE	Sverdlovsk Oblast
+# 72	RU-TYU	Tyumen Oblast
+# 74	RU-CHE	Chelyabinsk Oblast
+# 86	RU-KHM	Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
+# 89	RU-YAN	Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
 #
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug,
-# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast',
-# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast',
-# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast',
-# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug.
-Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:24 -	LMT	1919 Jul 15 4:00
+# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
+# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
+
+# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
+# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
+# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
+# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.
+
+Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:33 -	LMT	1916 Jul  3
+			 3:45:05 -	PMT	1919 Jul 15  4:00
 			 4:00	-	SVET	1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
-			 5:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 4:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 6:00	-	YEKT	# Yekaterinburg Time
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'.
-Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:36 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
-			 5:00	-	OMST	1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
-			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 5:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 7:00	-	OMST
-#
+			 5:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 4:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	YEKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 5:00	-	YEKT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Asia/Omsk covers...
+# 04	RU-AL	Altai Republic
+# 22	RU-ALT	Altai Krai
+# 55	RU-OMS	Omsk Oblast
+
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
+
+Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:30 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
+			 5:00	-	OMST	1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time
+			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 5:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	OMST	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	OMST
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Novosibirsk covers...
+# 54	RU-NVS	Novosibirsk Oblast
+# 70	RU-TOM	Tomsk Oblast
+
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
 # not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
-# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'.
-Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14 6:00
+
+Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14  6:00
 			 6:00	-	NOVT	1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
-			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
-			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 7:00	-	NOVT
+			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	NOVT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	NOVT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
+# 42	RU-KEM	Kemerovo Oblast
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
@@ -2319,14 +2509,10 @@ Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14 6:00
 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
 #
 # Russian Government web site (Russian language)
-# 
 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
-# 
 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
-# 
 #
 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
@@ -2334,152 +2520,319 @@ Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14 6:00
 # As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
 # Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
 
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
+# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
+# realigning itself with KRAT.
+
 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk	 5:48:48 -	NMT	1920 Jan  6
 			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
-			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 7:00	-	NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time
+			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s # Novosibirsk
+			 7:00	-	NOVT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	KRAT	# Krasnoyarsk Time
 
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
+# 17	RU-TY	Tuva Republic
+# 19	RU-KK	Khakassia, Republic of
+# 24	RU-KYA	Krasnoyarsk Krai
 #
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Krasnoyarskij kraj,
-# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug,
-# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug.
-Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:20 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
+# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
+# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
+
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
+
+Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:26 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
 			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
-			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 8:00	-	KRAT
+			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 8:00	-	KRAT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	KRAT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Asia/Irkutsk covers...
+# 03	RU-BU	Buryatia, Republic of
+# 38	RU-IRK	Irkutsk Oblast
 #
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast',
-# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug.
-Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:20 -	LMT	1880
-			 6:57:20 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
+# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
+# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
+
+# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15.
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05.
+# Go with Byalokoz.
+
+Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:05 -	LMT	1880
+			 6:57:05 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
 			 7:00	-	IRKT	1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
-			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 9:00	-	IRKT
+			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 9:00	-	IRKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 8:00	-	IRKT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
+# Asia/Chita covers...
+# 92	RU-ZAB	Zabaykalsky Krai
 #
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
-# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast',
-# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'.
+# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
+# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
 
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005...
-# Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name.
-# YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj.
-
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,
-# Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
-# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,
-# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij,
-# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,
-# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij.
-
-Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
+Zone Asia/Chita	 7:33:52 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			 10:00	-	YAKT
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
-# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,
-# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
+			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			10:00	-	YAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 8:00	-	IRKT
 
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, ... Ust'-Yanskij.
-Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:44 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+# Asia/Yakutsk covers...
+# 28	RU-AMU	Amur Oblast
+#
+# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
+# 14-02	****	Aldansky District
+# 14-04	****	Amginsky District
+# 14-05	****	Anabarsky District
+# 14-06	****	Bulunsky District
+# 14-07	****	Verkhnevilyuysky District
+# 14-10	****	Vilyuysky District
+# 14-11	****	Gorny District
+# 14-12	****	Zhigansky District
+# 14-13	****	Kobyaysky District
+# 14-14	****	Lensky District
+# 14-15	****	Megino-Kangalassky District
+# 14-16	****	Mirninsky District
+# 14-18	****	Namsky District
+# 14-19	****	Neryungrinsky District
+# 14-21	****	Nyurbinsky District
+# 14-23	****	Olenyoksky District
+# 14-24	****	Olyokminsky District
+# 14-26	****	Suntarsky District
+# 14-27	****	Tattinsky District
+# 14-29	****	Ust-Aldansky District
+# 14-32	****	Khangalassky District
+# 14-33	****	Churapchinsky District
+# 14-34	****	Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
+# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
+# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
+
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.
+
+Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:58 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
+			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
+			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			10:00	-	YAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 9:00	-	YAKT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+# Asia/Vladivostok covers...
+# 25	RU-PRI	Primorsky Krai
+# 27	RU-KHA	Khabarovsk Krai
+# 79	RU-YEV	Jewish Autonomous Oblast
+#
+# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
+# 14-09	****	Verkhoyansky District
+# 14-31	****	Ust-Yansky District
+
+# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5.
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31.
+# Go with Byalokoz.
+
+Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:31 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
 			 9:00	-	VLAT	1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
-			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	VLA%sST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			11:00	-	VLAT
+			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	VLAT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	VLAT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
+# 14-28	****	Tomponsky District
+# 14-30	****	Ust-Maysky District
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
 # Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
 # in 2011.
-#
+
 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
 # Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
 # Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
-#
+
 Zone Asia/Khandyga	 9:02:13 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2004
-			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			11:00	-	VLAT	2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
-			10:00	-	YAKT
+			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	VLAT	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
+			10:00	-	YAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 9:00	-	YAKT
 
-#
-# Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
-# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Sakhalin covers...
+# 65	RU-SAK	Sakhalin Oblast
+# ...with the exception of:
+# 65-11	****	Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
+
+# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
 Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
-			 9:00	-	CJT	1938
+			 9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
 			 9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 25
-			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
-			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			11:00	-	SAKT
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
-# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
-# Probably also: Kuril Islands.
+			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s # Sakhalin T
+			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1997 Mar lastSun  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	SAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	SAKT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+# Asia/Magadan covers...
+# 49	RU-MAG	Magadan Oblast
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
+# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
+# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
+# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
+# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11.  These regions will
+# need their own zone.
 
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij,
-# Nizhnekolymskij, ... Srednekolymskij.
 Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			12:00	-	MAGT
+			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	MAGT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	MAGT
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
+# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
+# 14-01	****	Abyysky District
+# 14-03	****	Allaikhovsky District
+# 14-08	****	Verkhnekolymsky District
+# 14-17	****	Momsky District
+# 14-20	****	Nizhnekolymsky District
+# 14-25	****	Srednekolymsky District
+#
+# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
+# 65-11	****	Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
+# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
+# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
+# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
+# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
+# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
+# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
+# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
+# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
+#
+# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
+# districts, but have very similar populations.  In fact, Wikipedia currently
+# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
+# each!  (Yikes!)
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
+# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
+#
+# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
+# fluctuated recently.  Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
+# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
+# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170.  (See pages 195 and 197 of
+# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
+# in Russian.)  In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
+# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
+# Go with Srednekolymsk.
+#
+# Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT
+# as the abbreviation.  Use SRET instead.
+
+Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk	10:14:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
+			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
+			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	MAGT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			11:00	-	SRET	# Srednekolymsk Time
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
+# 14-22	****	Oymyakonsky District
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
-# Ojmyakonskij and the Kuril Islands switched from
+# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
 # Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
+# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
+# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
+# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
+# UTC+12 since at least then, too.
+
 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera	 9:32:54 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
 			 9:00	Russia	YAKT	1981 Apr  1
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
-			12:00	-	MAGT	2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
-			11:00	-	VLAT
+			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	MAGT	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
+			11:00	-	VLAT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	VLAT
 
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Asia/Kamchatka covers...
+# 91	RU-KAM	Kamchatka Krai
 #
-# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
+# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
+# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
+
+# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
+# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
 Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
 			11:00	-	PETT	1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
-			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			12:00	-	PETT
-#
-# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Anadyr covers...
+# 87	RU-CHU	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
+
 Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			12:00	-	ANAT	1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
-			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1982 Apr  1 0:00s
-			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1982 Apr  1  0:00s
+			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			12:00	-	ANAT
 
+
 # San Marino
 # See Europe/Rome.
 
@@ -2488,11 +2841,11 @@ Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
 			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
-			1:00	-	CET	1945 May 8 2:00s
+			1:00	-	CET	1945 May  8  2:00s
 			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
-# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of
+# Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
-# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
+# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
 			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia
@@ -2568,13 +2921,13 @@ Zone	Africa/Ceuta	-0:21:16 -	LMT	1901
 			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1918 Oct  7 23:00
 			 0:00	-	WET	1924
 			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1929
-			 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
+			 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT	1984 Mar 16
 			 1:00	-	CET	1986
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
-			-1:00	-	CANT	1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
-			 0:00	-	WET	1980 Apr  6 0:00s
-			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1980 Sep 28 0:00s
+			-1:00	-	CANT	1946 Sep 30  1:00 # Canaries T
+			 0:00	-	WET	1980 Apr  6  0:00s
+			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1980 Sep 28  0:00s
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
@@ -2583,7 +2936,7 @@ Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
 
 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
 #
-# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
+# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
@@ -2594,7 +2947,7 @@ Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
 #
 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
-# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
+# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
 # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
 # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
 # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
@@ -2602,7 +2955,7 @@ Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
 # 1899-06-16.  In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
 # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
 #
-# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
+# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
 # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
 # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
 # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
@@ -2612,7 +2965,7 @@ Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
 # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
 # in Swedish):  (type
 # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
-# the Sok-button).
+# the Sök-button).
 #
 # (2001-05-13):
 #
@@ -2627,9 +2980,9 @@ Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
-			1:00:14	-	SET	1900 Jan  1	# Swedish Time
+			1:00:14	-	SET	1900 Jan  1 # Swedish Time
 			1:00	-	CET	1916 May 14 23:00
-			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Oct  1 01:00
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Oct  1  1:00
 			1:00	-	CET	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
@@ -2637,7 +2990,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
 # From Howse:
 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
 # and their performance improved enormously.  Communities began to keep
-# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
+# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
 # Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -2653,7 +3006,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
 # to be wrong. This is now verified.
 #
 # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
-# government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
+# government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
 # federal law collection)...
 #
 # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
@@ -2672,7 +3025,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
 # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
 # a thing had happened in Switzerland.
 #
-# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de
+# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de
 # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
 # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
 # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
@@ -2686,19 +3039,19 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
 # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
 # most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
 # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
-# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not
+# the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not
 # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
 # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
 #
 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
 # The Federal regulations say
 # http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
-# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26'22.50".
+# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50".
 # Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
 
 # From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
-# the "Circulaire du conseil federal" (December 11 1893)
-#  ...
+# the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893)
+# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353
 # clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
 # but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
 # hour before the beginning of service.
@@ -2709,14 +3062,14 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
 # We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
 # except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12.  This book:
 #
-#	Jakob Messerli. Gleichmassig, punktlich, schnell: Zeiteinteilung und
+#	Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und
 #	Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
 #	ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
 #
 # suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
 # agree about civil time during the transition.  The timekeeping it gives the
 # most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
-# "Bundesgesetz uber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
+# "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
 # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859).  On p 72 Messerli writes that in
 # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
@@ -2730,7 +3083,7 @@ Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Mon>=1	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Mon>=1	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
-			0:29:46	-	BMT	1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
+			0:29:46	-	BMT	1894 Jun    # Bern Mean Time
 			1:00	Swiss	CE%sT	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
@@ -2738,7 +3091,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
 
 # From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
 # The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
-# ... The latest rules are available at -
+# ... The latest rules are available at:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
 # I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
@@ -2763,8 +3116,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
 
-# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
-#
+# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
@@ -2777,9 +3129,16 @@ Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
 # Turkish Local election....
 # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
 # ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-02-17):
-# Here is an English-language source:
-# http://www.worldbulletin.net/turkey/129016/turkey-switches-to-daylight-saving-time-march-31
+# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
+# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,
+# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
+# change delay.  Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
+# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
+# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not.  See:
+# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
+# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
+# I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -2846,10 +3205,10 @@ Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1978 Oct 15
 			3:00	Turkey	TR%sT	1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
 			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	2007
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 1:00u
-			2:00	-	EET	2011 Mar 28 1:00u
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2014 Mar 30 1:00u
-			2:00	-	EET	2014 Mar 31 1:00u
+			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  1:00u
+			2:00	-	EET	2011 Mar 28  1:00u
+			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2014 Mar 30  1:00u
+			2:00	-	EET	2014 Mar 31  1:00u
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 Link	Europe/Istanbul	Asia/Istanbul	# Istanbul is in both continents.
 
@@ -2870,7 +3229,7 @@ Link	Europe/Istanbul	Asia/Istanbul	# Istanbul is in both continents.
 # Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
 # approval from 266 deputies.
 #
-# Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian)
+# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
 # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
 #
 # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
@@ -2931,12 +3290,12 @@ Zone Europe/Kiev	2:02:04 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 20
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Nov  6
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990 Jul  1 2:00
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 3:00
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990 Jul  1  2:00
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29  3:00
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
-# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
+# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod	1:29:12 -	LMT	1890 Oct
 			1:00	-	CET	1940
@@ -2944,8 +3303,8 @@ Zone Europe/Uzhgorod	1:29:12 -	LMT	1890 Oct
 			1:00	1:00	CEST	1944 Oct 26
 			1:00	-	CET	1945 Jun 29
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
-			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
-			1:00	-	CET	1991 Mar 31 3:00
+			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1  2:00
+			1:00	-	CET	1991 Mar 31  3:00
 			2:00	-	EET	1992
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
@@ -2959,42 +3318,9 @@ Zone Europe/Zaporozhye	2:20:40 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Aug 25
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Oct 25
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
-# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
-Zone Europe/Simferopol	2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
-			2:16	-	SMT	1924 May  2 # Simferopol Mean T
-			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
-			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Nov
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Apr 13
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
-			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
-			2:00	-	EET	1992
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
-# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
-# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
-# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  Shanks & Pottenger simply say
-# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right.  For now, guess it
-# changed in May.
-			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1994 May
-# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
-			3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996 Mar 31 3:00s
-			3:00	1:00	MSD	1996 Oct 27 3:00s
-# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
-# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1997
-			3:00	-	MSK	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
-# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
-# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
-# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
-# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
-# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2014 Mar 30 2:00
-			4:00	-	MSK
 
 # Vatican City
 # See Europe/Rome.
@@ -3018,7 +3344,7 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol	2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
 # ...
 #
 # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
-# most European coun[tr]ies started DST.  Before that year, only
+# most European countries started DST.  Before that year, only
 # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
 # to own national rules.  In 1981, however, DST started on
 # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
@@ -3026,7 +3352,7 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol	2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
 # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
 # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
 # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
-# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
+# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.
 #
 # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
 # Soviet Union (as far as I know).
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/factory b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/factory
index 813d99a1f1f..0a6041db07e 100644
--- a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/factory
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/factory
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
     # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/iso3166.tab b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/iso3166.tab
index 28fb64b647e..63eadcbd0c5 100644
--- a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/iso3166.tab
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/iso3166.tab
@@ -26,21 +26,21 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-05-27):
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
+# This file contains a table of two-letter country codes.  Columns are
+# separated by a single tab.  Lines beginning with '#' are comments.
+# Although all text currently uses ASCII encoding, this is planned to
+# change to UTF-8 soon.  The columns of the table are as follows:
 #
-# This file contains a table with the following columns:
 # 1.  ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code, current as of
-#     ISO 3166-1 Newsletter VI-15 (2013-05-10).  See: Updates on ISO 3166
+#     ISO 3166-1 Newsletter VI-16 (2013-07-11).  See: Updates on ISO 3166
 #   http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/country_codes/updates_on_iso_3166.htm
 # 2.  The usual English name for the coded region,
 #     chosen so that alphabetic sorting of subsets produces helpful lists.
 #     This is not the same as the English name in the ISO 3166 tables.
 #
-# Columns are separated by a single tab.
 # The table is sorted by country code.
 #
-# Lines beginning with `#' are comments.
-#
 # This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
 # zone data appropriate for their practical needs.  It is not intended
 # to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/leapseconds b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/leapseconds
index b423135b942..d38abd6a4bd 100644
--- a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/leapseconds
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/leapseconds
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# Allowance for leapseconds added to each timezone file.
+# Allowance for leap seconds added to each time zone file.
 
 # This file is in the public domain.
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 # you should be able to pick up leap-seconds.list from a secondary NIST server.
 # For more about leap-seconds.list, please see
 # The NTP Timescale and Leap Seconds
-# .
+# http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/leap.html
 
 # The International Earth Rotation Service periodically uses leap seconds
 # to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/northamerica b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/northamerica
index dc0c2e92cff..0dc714aa92d 100644
--- a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/northamerica
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/northamerica
@@ -21,15 +21,15 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
     # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
 
-# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
@@ -78,13 +78,13 @@
 #	to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
 #	them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
 #
-#	-- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
+#	 -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
 #	   Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
 #
 # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
-# Robert Garland's 
-# Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
-# (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
+# Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
+# (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
+# http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
 #
 # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
 # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
@@ -103,11 +103,11 @@
 # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
 # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
 # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
-# An AltaVista search turned up
-# :
+# An AltaVista search turned up:
+# http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html
 # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
 # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.'  Peace is wonderful."
-#  (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
+# (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
 
 # From Joseph Gallant citing
 # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
 # USA  ALASKA STD    9 H  BEHIND UTC    MOST OF ALASKA     (AKST)
 # USA  ALASKA STD    8 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
 # USA  ALEUTIAN     10 H  BEHIND UTC    ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
-# USA  - " -         9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
+# USA    "           9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  HAWAII       10 H  BEHIND UTC
 # USA  BERING       11 H  BEHIND UTC    SAMOA, MIDWAY
 
@@ -258,19 +258,19 @@ Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
 #
 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
-#   (a) Amendment- Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
+#   (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
 #   U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
-#     (1) by striking 'first Sunday of April' and inserting 'second
-#     Sunday of March'; and
-#     (2) by striking 'last Sunday of October' and inserting 'first
+#     (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second
+#     Sunday of March"; and
+#     (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first
 #     Sunday of November'.
-#   (b) Effective Date- Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
+#   (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
 #   date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
-#   (c) Report to Congress- Not later than 9 months after the effective
+#   (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective
 #   date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
 #   on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
 #   States.
-#   (d) Right to Revert- Congress retains the right to revert the
+#   (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the
 #   Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
 #   Department study is complete.
 
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
 # According to today's Huntsville Times
-# 
+# http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1
 # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
 # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
 # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time."  It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
@@ -347,15 +347,15 @@ Rule	Chicago	1955	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Chicago	-5:50:36 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1920
-			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1936 Mar  1 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1936 Nov 15 2:00
+			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1936 Mar  1  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	1936 Nov 15  2:00
 			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1942
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1967
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
 Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
-			-7:00	US	M%sT	1992 Oct 25 02:00
+			-7:00	US	M%sT	1992 Oct 25  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
 # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
@@ -364,29 +364,26 @@ Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
 # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
 # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
 # See .
-Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
-			-7:00	US	M%sT	2003 Oct 26 02:00
+Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
+			-7:00	US	M%sT	2003 Oct 26  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 
 # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
 # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
 # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
 # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
-# 
 # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
-# 
-# 
 # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
-# 
 
 # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
 # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
 # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
 # largest city in Mercer County).  Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
-# at 4715'51" north, 10146'40" west, which yields an offset of 6h47'07".
+# at 47 degrees 15' 51" N, 101 degrees 46' 40" W, which yields an offset
+# of 6h47'07".
 
-Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
-			-7:00	US	M%sT	2010 Nov  7 2:00
+Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
+			-7:00	US	M%sT	2010 Nov  7  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 
 # US mountain time, represented by Denver
@@ -448,15 +445,18 @@ Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
 # was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.)  However, there
 # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
 # it's best to simply use the official transition.
-#
 
-# From Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31):
-# The author lives in Alaska and many of the references listed are only
-# available to Alaskan residents.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
+# One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
+# daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
+# "Welcome to Juneau.  Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
+# See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
+# http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html
 #
-# 
-# http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98
-# 
+# Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
+# Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
+# Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
+# http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
 # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
@@ -482,12 +482,10 @@ Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
 # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
 # Community office (using contact information available at
-# 
 # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
-# ).
 # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
 # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
-# that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no--they were on their
+# that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
 # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
 # did not inquire about practices in the past.
 
@@ -501,9 +499,9 @@ Zone America/Juneau	 15:02:19 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
-			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1980 Apr 27 2:00
-			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1980 Oct 26 2:00
-			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
+			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1980 Apr 27  2:00
+			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1980 Oct 26  2:00
+			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Sitka	 14:58:47 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
@@ -511,7 +509,7 @@ Zone America/Sitka	 14:58:47 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
-			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
+			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Metlakatla	 15:13:42 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
@@ -519,8 +517,8 @@ Zone America/Metlakatla	 15:13:42 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
-			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
-			 -8:00	-	MeST
+			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
+			 -8:00	-	PST
 Zone America/Yakutat	 14:41:05 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -9:18:55 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -9:00	-	YST	1942
@@ -535,7 +533,7 @@ Zone America/Anchorage	 14:00:24 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			-10:00	US	CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
 			-10:00	-	CAT	1967 Apr
 			-10:00	-	AHST	1969
-			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
+			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Nome	 12:58:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
@@ -544,7 +542,7 @@ Zone America/Nome	 12:58:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			-11:00	US	N%sT	1946
 			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr
 			-11:00	-	BST	1969
-			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
+			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
@@ -553,7 +551,7 @@ Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			-11:00	US	N%sT	1946
 			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr
 			-11:00	-	BST	1969
-			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
+			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			-10:00	US	HA%sT
 # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
@@ -571,7 +569,7 @@ Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 #  Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
 #  "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
 #  location not on Alaska Standard Time.  The following resolution was
-#  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson:  Be it
+#  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
 #  resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
 #  Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
 #  January 14, Alaska Standard Time.)  This resolution was passed with
@@ -583,9 +581,7 @@ Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
 # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
 # the article is available at
-# 
 # http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
-# 
 # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
 # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
 # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
@@ -606,7 +602,7 @@ Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
 # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
 # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
-# Hawaii." Page 172:  "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
+# Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
 # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
 # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
 # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
@@ -616,14 +612,14 @@ Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
 # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
 
-Zone Pacific/Honolulu	-10:31:26 -	LMT	1896 Jan 13 12:00 #Schmitt&Cox
-			-10:30	-	HST	1933 Apr 30 2:00 #Laws 1933
-			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1933 May 21 12:00 #Laws 1933+12
-			-10:30	-	HST	1942 Feb 09 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
-			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1945 Sep 30 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
-			-10:30	-	HST	1947 Jun  8 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Honolulu	-10:31:26 -	LMT	1896 Jan 13 12:00
+			-10:30	-	HST	1933 Apr 30  2:00
+			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1933 May 21 12:00
+			-10:30	-	HST	1942 Feb  9  2:00
+			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1945 Sep 30  2:00
+			-10:30	-	HST	1947 Jun  8  2:00
 			-10:00	-	HST
-
 Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
 
 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
@@ -633,9 +629,9 @@ Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
 #
 # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
-# 
-# Daylight Saving Time web page (2002-01-23) maintained by the
-# Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
+# Daylight Saving Time web page
+#  (2002-01-23)
+# maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
 # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
 # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
 # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
@@ -649,10 +645,11 @@ Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
 # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
 # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
 
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Phoenix	-7:28:18 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
-			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Jan  1 00:01
-			-7:00	-	MST	1944 Apr  1 00:01
-			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Oct  1 00:01
+			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Jan  1  0:01
+			-7:00	-	MST	1944 Apr  1  0:01
+			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Oct  1  0:01
 			-7:00	-	MST	1967
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1968 Mar 21
 			-7:00	-	MST
@@ -676,24 +673,22 @@ Zone America/Phoenix	-7:28:18 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Boise	-7:44:49 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
-			-8:00	US	P%sT	1923 May 13 2:00
+			-8:00	US	P%sT	1923 May 13  2:00
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1974
-			-7:00	-	MST	1974 Feb  3 2:00
+			-7:00	-	MST	1974 Feb  3  2:00
 			-7:00	US	M%sT
 
 # Indiana
 #
 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
-# 
-# What time is it in Indiana?
-#  (2006-03-01)
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
 # with the following exceptions:
 #
 # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
-#   Vandenburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
+#   Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
 #
 # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
 #
@@ -712,22 +707,16 @@ Zone America/Boise	-7:44:49 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
 # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
 # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
-# http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html says that Indiana will use DST starting 2006.
-
-# From Nathan Stratton Treadway (2006-03-30):
-# http://www.dot.gov/affairs/dot0406.htm [3705 B]
-# From Deborah Goldsmith (2006-01-18):
-# http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/pdf95/382329_web.pdf [2.9 MB]
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-01-20):
-# It says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):
+# https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
+# says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
 # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
 # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
-# this rule is 2:OO a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
+# this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
 # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
-# Strictly speaking, this means the affected counties will change their
-# clocks twice that night, but this obviously is in error.  The intent
-# is that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
+# Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
+# clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error.  The intent
+# was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
 # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
@@ -739,13 +728,13 @@ Rule Indianapolis 1941	only	-	Jun	22	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Indianapolis 1941	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Indianapolis 1946	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
+Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1920
 			-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT	1942
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
-			-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT	1955 Apr 24 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1957 Sep 29 2:00
-			-6:00	-	CST	1958 Apr 27 2:00
+			-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT	1955 Apr 24  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	1957 Sep 29  2:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	1958 Apr 27  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006
@@ -761,10 +750,10 @@ Rule	Marengo	1954	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1951
-			-6:00	Marengo	C%sT	1961 Apr 30 2:00
+			-6:00	Marengo	C%sT	1961 Apr 30  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6 2:00
-			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27 2:00
+			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6  2:00
+			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1976
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
@@ -785,11 +774,11 @@ Rule Vincennes	1962	1963	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
-			-6:00 Vincennes	C%sT	1964 Apr 26 2:00
+			-6:00 Vincennes	C%sT	1964 Apr 26  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
-			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4 2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
+			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
@@ -806,10 +795,10 @@ Rule Perry	1962	1963	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
-			-6:00 Perry	C%sT	1964 Apr 26 2:00
+			-6:00 Perry	C%sT	1964 Apr 26  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
-			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 #
 # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
@@ -822,11 +811,11 @@ Rule	Pike	1961	1964	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1955
-			-6:00	Pike	C%sT	1965 Apr 25 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1966 Oct 30 2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1977 Oct 30 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4 2:00
+			-6:00	Pike	C%sT	1965 Apr 25  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	1966 Oct 30  2:00
+			-6:00	US	C%sT	1977 Oct 30  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
+			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
@@ -844,10 +833,10 @@ Rule	Starke	1959	1961	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1947
-			-6:00	Starke	C%sT	1962 Apr 29 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1963 Oct 27 2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1991 Oct 27 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
+			-6:00	Starke	C%sT	1962 Apr 29  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	1963 Oct 27  2:00
+			-6:00	US	C%sT	1991 Oct 27  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 #
 # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
@@ -860,17 +849,17 @@ Rule	Pulaski	1957	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
-			-6:00	Pulaski	C%sT	1961 Apr 30 2:00
+			-6:00	Pulaski	C%sT	1961 Apr 30  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
-			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Mar 11 2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
+			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Mar 11  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1954 Apr 25 2:00
+			-6:00	US	C%sT	1954 Apr 25  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1973
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006
@@ -891,18 +880,17 @@ Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1921
 			-6:00 Louisville C%sT	1942
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
-			-6:00 Louisville C%sT	1961 Jul 23 2:00
+			-6:00 Louisville C%sT	1961 Jul 23  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1968
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6 2:00
-			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27 2:00
+			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6  2:00
+			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Wayne County, Kentucky
 #
-# From
-# 
-# Lake Cumberland LIFE
-#  (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
+# From Lake Cumberland LIFE
+# http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml
+# (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
 # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
 # the Central to the Eastern time zone....  The Wayne County government made
 # the same request in December.  And while Russell County officials have not
@@ -919,9 +907,8 @@ Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
 # The final rule was published in the
-# 
-# Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), page 50154-50158.
-# 
+# Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158.
+# http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22
 #
 Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
@@ -946,9 +933,8 @@ Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
 # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
 # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
 # 1999-10-31.  See the
-# 
-# Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), page 56705-56707.
-# 
+# Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707.
+# http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15
 # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
 # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
 # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
@@ -986,12 +972,12 @@ Rule	Detroit	1967	only	-	Jun	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Detroit	1967	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Detroit	-5:32:11 -	LMT	1905
-			-6:00	-	CST	1915 May 15 2:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	1915 May 15  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1942
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1946
 			-5:00	Detroit	E%sT	1973
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1975
-			-5:00	-	EST	1975 Apr 27 2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	1975 Apr 27  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
@@ -1004,8 +990,8 @@ Rule Menominee	1966	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
-			-6:00 Menominee	C%sT	1969 Apr 27 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1973 Apr 29 2:00
+			-6:00 Menominee	C%sT	1969 Apr 27  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	1973 Apr 29  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 
 # Navassa
@@ -1042,9 +1028,9 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 #	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
 #	which I found in the UCLA library.
 #
-#	
 #	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
-#	 (1914-03)
+#	
+#	[PDF] (1914-03)
 #
 #	Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
 #	.
@@ -1053,11 +1039,11 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 
 # Canada
 
-# From Alain LaBont (1994-11-14):
+# From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14):
 # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
 # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
 #
-#	UTC	Standard time	Daylight savings time
+#	UTC	Standard time	Daylight saving time
 #	offset	French	English	French	English
 #	-2:30	-	-	HAT	NDT
 #	-3	-	-	HAA	ADT
@@ -1070,7 +1056,7 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 #	-9	HNY	YST	-	-
 #
 #	HN: Heure Normale	ST: Standard Time
-#	HA: Heure Avance	DT: Daylight saving Time
+#	HA: Heure Avancée	DT: Daylight saving Time
 #
 #	A: de l'Atlantique	Atlantic
 #	C: du Centre		Central
@@ -1085,7 +1071,7 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
 
-# Unless otherwise specified, the data for Canada are all from Shanks
+# Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks
 # & Pottenger.
 
 # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
@@ -1134,15 +1120,15 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
-# 
 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
-#  contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
+# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
+# contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
 # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
 #
-# INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has 
+# INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has
 # information about standard and daylight saving time zones in Canada.
-#  (updated periodically).
+# http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/time_services/daylight_saving_e.php
+# (updated periodically).
 # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
@@ -1151,9 +1137,7 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 
 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
 # In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
-# 
 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
-# 
 # she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
 # The quote includes these two statements:
 # 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
@@ -1221,9 +1205,7 @@ Rule	StJohns	1960	1986	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
 # now occurs at 2:00AM.
 # ...
-# 
 # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
-# 
 # ...
 # MICHAEL PELLEY  |  Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
 # Office of the Chief Information Officer
@@ -1259,7 +1241,7 @@ Zone America/Goose_Bay	-4:01:40 -	LMT	1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
 			-3:30	-	NST	1936
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1942 May 11
 			-3:30	Canada	N%sT	1946
-			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1966 Mar 15 2:00
+			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1966 Mar 15  2:00
 			-4:00	StJohns	A%sT	2011 Nov
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
 
@@ -1320,7 +1302,7 @@ Rule	Halifax	1962	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Zone America/Halifax	-4:14:24 -	LMT	1902 Jun 15
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1918
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1919
-			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
+			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1946
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1974
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
@@ -1379,7 +1361,7 @@ Zone America/Moncton	-4:19:08 -	LMT	1883 Dec  9
 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
 # The Quebec department of justice writes in
-# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Cote-Nord"
+# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
 # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
 # that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
 # observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
@@ -1387,7 +1369,6 @@ Zone America/Moncton	-4:19:08 -	LMT	1883 Dec  9
 # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
-# for post-1970 data America/Puerto_Rico.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	1:00	D
@@ -1401,18 +1382,10 @@ Rule	Mont	1922	only	-	Apr	30	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1924	only	-	May	17	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1924	1926	-	Sep	lastSun	2:30	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1925	1926	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-# The 1927-to-1937 rules can be expressed more simply as
-# Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Apr	lastSat	24:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Sep	lastSat	24:00	0	S
-# The rules below avoid use of 24:00
-# (which pre-1998 versions of zic cannot handle).
-Rule	Mont	1927	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1927	1932	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1928	1931	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1932	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1933	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1933	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1934	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Apr	lastSat	24:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Sep	lastSat	24:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1938	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1946	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1945	1948	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1949	1950	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
@@ -1426,7 +1399,7 @@ Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 -	LMT	1884
 Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
 			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1918
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1919
-			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
+			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1946
 			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1974
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
@@ -1448,7 +1421,7 @@ Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
 # have already done so.  In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
 # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
 # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
-# only two weeks -- I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
+# only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
 # presumably that should be -07-06.  (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
 # earlier in June).
 #
@@ -1458,10 +1431,8 @@ Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
-# He also writes that the
-# 
-# Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
-# 
+# He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
+# http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
@@ -1540,9 +1511,7 @@ Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
 # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
 # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
 # was available at
-# 
 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
-# 
 #
 # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
 #
@@ -1553,26 +1522,26 @@ Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
 # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
 # for the other provinces only approximate:
 #
-# 	Province	Daylight saving time used
+#	Province	Daylight saving time used
 # Prince Edward Island	Not used.
 # Nova Scotia		In Halifax only.
 # New Brunswick		In St. John only.
 # Quebec		In the following places:
-# 			Montreal	Lachine
-# 			Quebec		Mont-Royal
-# 			Levis		Iberville
-# 			St. Lambert	Cap de la Madeleine
-# 			Verdun		Loretteville
-# 			Westmount	Richmond
-# 			Outremont	St. Jerome
-# 			Longueuil	Greenfield Park
-# 			Arvida		Waterloo
-# 			Chambly-Canton	Beaulieu
-# 			Melbourne	La Tuque
-# 			St. Theophile	Buckingham
+#			Montreal	Lachine
+#			Quebec		Mont-Royal
+#			Lévis		Iberville
+#			St. Lambert	Cap de la Madelèine
+#			Verdun		Loretteville
+#			Westmount	Richmond
+#			Outremont	St. Jérôme
+#			Longueuil	Greenfield Park
+#			Arvida		Waterloo
+#			Chambly-Canton	Beaulieu
+#			Melbourne	La Tuque
+#			St. Théophile	Buckingham
 # Ontario		Used generally in the cities and towns along
-# 			the southerly part of the province. Not
-# 			used in the northwesterlhy part.
+#			the southerly part of the province. Not
+#			used in the northwesterly part.
 # Manitoba		Not used.
 # Saskatchewan		In Regina only.
 # Alberta		Not used.
@@ -1641,7 +1610,7 @@ Rule	Toronto	1957	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Toronto	-5:17:32 -	LMT	1895
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1919
-			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
+			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1946
 			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1974
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
@@ -1654,16 +1623,16 @@ Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 -	LMT	1895
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 Zone America/Nipigon	-5:53:04 -	LMT	1895
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1940 Sep 29
-			-5:00	1:00	EDT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
+			-5:00	1:00	EDT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 -	LMT	1895
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1940 Sep 29
-			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
+			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 Zone America/Atikokan	-6:06:28 -	LMT	1895
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1940 Sep 29
-			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1945 Sep 30 2:00
+			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
+			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1945 Sep 30  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 
@@ -1676,7 +1645,7 @@ Zone America/Atikokan	-6:06:28 -	LMT	1895
 # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
 # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
 # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
-# I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had =
+# I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had
 # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
 # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
 # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
@@ -1799,12 +1768,12 @@ Rule	Swift	1959	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Swift	1960	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Regina	-6:58:36 -	LMT	1905 Sep
-			-7:00	Regina	M%sT	1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
+			-7:00	Regina	M%sT	1960 Apr lastSun  2:00
 			-6:00	-	CST
 Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 -	LMT	1905 Sep
-			-7:00	Canada	M%sT	1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
+			-7:00	Canada	M%sT	1946 Apr lastSun  2:00
 			-7:00	Regina	M%sT	1950
-			-7:00	Swift	M%sT	1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
+			-7:00	Swift	M%sT	1972 Apr lastSun  2:00
 			-6:00	-	CST
 
 
@@ -1854,9 +1823,7 @@ Zone America/Edmonton	-7:33:52 -	LMT	1906 Sep
 # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
 # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
 # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
-# 
 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
-# 
 # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
 # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
 # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
@@ -1864,18 +1831,16 @@ Zone America/Edmonton	-7:33:52 -	LMT	1906 Sep
 # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
 # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain.  I e-mailed Tammy a few months
 # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess.  She said it was just
-# as plausible as any other date (in June).  She also said that after writing the
-# article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the subject
-# of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
-# 
+# as plausible as any other date (in June).  She also said that after writing
+# the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
+# subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
 # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
-# 
 
 # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
 # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
 # Exact date unknown
 # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
-# Exact date in October unknown;  Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
+# Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
 # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
 # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
 # note#1:
@@ -1888,9 +1853,7 @@ Zone America/Edmonton	-7:33:52 -	LMT	1906 Sep
 # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
 # (UTC-7) forever.
 # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
-# 
 # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
-# 
 
 # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
 # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
@@ -1917,7 +1880,7 @@ Zone America/Vancouver	-8:12:28 -	LMT	1884
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
 Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -	LMT	1884
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT	1947
-			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1972 Aug 30 2:00
+			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1972 Aug 30  2:00
 			-7:00	-	MST
 Zone America/Creston	-7:46:04 -	LMT	1884
 			-7:00	-	MST	1916 Oct 1
@@ -1944,18 +1907,17 @@ Zone America/Creston	-7:46:04 -	LMT	1884
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
-# 
 # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
-# 
+# http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html
 #
 # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
 # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
 # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
-# 
 # Basic Facts: The New Territory
-#  (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
+# http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html
+# (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
 # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST.  We don't know when
 # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
 
@@ -1983,8 +1945,8 @@ Zone America/Creston	-7:46:04 -	LMT	1884
 # the current state of affairs.
 
 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
-# 
-# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
+# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
+# http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html
 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
 # for municipal offices and schools....  Igloolik [was similar but then]
@@ -2002,10 +1964,8 @@ Zone America/Creston	-7:46:04 -	LMT	1884
 # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
 # required to use daylight savings.
 
-# From
-# 
-# Nunavut now has two time zones
-#  (2000-11-10):
+# From 
+# Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10):
 # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
 # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
 # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
@@ -2096,9 +2056,7 @@ Zone America/Creston	-7:46:04 -	LMT	1884
 # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
 # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
 # Aziz:
-# 
 # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
-# 
 #
 # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
 # Eastern Standard Time.
@@ -2136,47 +2094,47 @@ Rule	NT_YK	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # aka Panniqtuuq
 Zone America/Pangnirtung 0	-	zzz	1921 # trading post est.
-			-4:00	NT_YK	A%sT	1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
-			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
+			-4:00	NT_YK	A%sT	1995 Apr Sun>=1  2:00
+			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
+			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 # formerly Frobisher Bay
 Zone America/Iqaluit	0	-	zzz	1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
-			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
+			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
+			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 # aka Qausuittuq
 Zone America/Resolute	0	-	zzz	1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
-			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1 3:00
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2006 Oct 29 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	2007 Mar 11 3:00
+			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
+			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2006 Oct 29  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	2007 Mar 11  3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 # aka Kangiqiniq
 Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0	-	zzz	1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
-			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1 3:00
+			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
 Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0	-	zzz	1920 # trading post est.?
-			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	2000 Nov  5 0:00
-			-6:00	-	CST	2001 Apr  1 3:00
+			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
+			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	2000 Nov  5  0:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
 Zone America/Yellowknife 0	-	zzz	1935 # Yellowknife founded?
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
 Zone America/Inuvik	0	-	zzz	1953 # Inuvik founded
-			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
+			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1979 Apr lastSun  2:00
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
 Zone America/Whitehorse	-9:00:12 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
-			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1966 Jul 1 2:00
+			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1966 Jul  1  2:00
 			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1980
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
 Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
-			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1973 Oct 28 0:00
+			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1973 Oct 28  0:00
 			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1980
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
 
@@ -2188,9 +2146,8 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
 # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
 # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
-# 
 # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
-# .
+# http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/
 #
 # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
 # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
@@ -2235,9 +2192,8 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
 # For an English translation of the decree, see
-# 
 # "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
-# 
+# http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html
 
 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
@@ -2249,7 +2205,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
 # Arizona year round.
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard, translating
+# From Jesper Nørgaard, translating
 #  (2001-01-17):
 # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
 # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
@@ -2262,7 +2218,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
 # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
 # this year....
-# 
+# http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001
 # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
 # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
 
@@ -2270,23 +2226,22 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
 # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
 # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
-# ... Mexico City Mayor Lopez Obrador "...is threatening to keep
+# ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep
 # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
-# the rest of the country..." In particular, Lopez Obrador would abolish
+# the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish
 # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
 
-# 
 # Official statute published by the Energy Department
-#  (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
-# and Sonora with no DST.  This was reported by Jesper Norgaard (2001-02-03).
+# http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre
+# (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
+# and Sonora with no DST.  This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
 #
-# 
+# http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html
 # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
-# 
 # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
-# * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador decreed that
+# * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
 #   the Federal District will not adopt DST.
 # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
 # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
@@ -2294,7 +2249,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 #
 # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard (2001-04-01):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01):
 # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
 # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
 # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
@@ -2303,7 +2258,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
 # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
 # September 30, 2001.
-# References: "Diario de Monterrey" 
+# References: "Diario de Monterrey" 
 # Palabra  (2001-03-31)
 
 # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
@@ -2315,7 +2270,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
 # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
 # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
 # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
@@ -2329,48 +2284,36 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # > the United States.
 # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
 # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
-# 
 # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
-# 
-# 
 # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
-# 
 # (Spanish)
 #
 # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
-# 
 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
-# 
 # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
 #
 # There is also a list of the votes here:
-# 
 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
-# 
 #
 # Our page:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
-# 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
 # The page
-# 
 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
-# 
 # includes this text:
 # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
-# Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
-# Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
-# Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
-# desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
+# Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
+# Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
+# Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
+# desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
 # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
 # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
-# fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
-# internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
-# kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
-# interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
-# efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
+# fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
+# internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
+# kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
+# interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
+# efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
 # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -2389,39 +2332,39 @@ Rule	Mexico	2001	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	2002	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	2002	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-# Quintana Roo
+# Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
 Zone America/Cancun	-5:47:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:12:56
 			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
 			-5:00	Mexico	E%sT	1998 Aug  2  2:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
-# Campeche, Yucatan
+# Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
 Zone America/Merida	-5:58:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:01:32
 			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
 			-5:00	-	EST	1982 Dec  2
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
-# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (near US border)
+# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
 Zone America/Matamoros	-6:40:00 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1988
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2010
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
-# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
+# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
 Zone America/Monterrey	-6:41:16 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
 			-6:00	-	CST	1988
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Central Mexico
-Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1 0:23:24
+Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:23:24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
-			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2001 Sep 30 02:00
+			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2001 Sep 30  2:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	2002 Feb 20
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Chihuahua (near US border)
-Zone America/Ojinaga	-6:57:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan 1 0:02:20
+Zone America/Ojinaga	-6:57:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:02:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
@@ -2429,7 +2372,7 @@ Zone America/Ojinaga	-6:57:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan 1 0:02:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1996
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1998
-			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010
 			-7:00	US	M%sT
 # Chihuahua (away from US border)
@@ -2441,7 +2384,7 @@ Zone America/Chihuahua	-7:04:20 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1996
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1998
-			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
 # Sonora
 Zone America/Hermosillo	-7:23:52 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
@@ -2457,42 +2400,33 @@ Zone America/Hermosillo	-7:23:52 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
 			-7:00	-	MST
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
-# According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
+# According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
 # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
 # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
 #
 # (Spanish)
-# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
-# país, a partir de este domingo
-# 
+# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
+# país, a partir de este domingo
 # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
-# 
 #
-# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
-# País
-# 
-# http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50"
-# 
+# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
+# País
+# http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50
 #
 # (English)
-# Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
-# 
+# Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
 # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
-# 
-#
-# or
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
-# 
 #
 # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
-# will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
+# will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
 # zone ..."
 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
 # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
 
+# Mazatlán
 Zone America/Mazatlan	-7:05:40 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
@@ -2504,6 +2438,7 @@ Zone America/Mazatlan	-7:05:40 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
 			-8:00	-	PST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
 
+# Bahía de Banderas
 Zone America/Bahia_Banderas	-7:01:00 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
@@ -2513,7 +2448,7 @@ Zone America/Bahia_Banderas	-7:01:00 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1970
-			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010 Apr 4 2:00
+			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010 Apr  4  2:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 
 # Baja California (near US border)
@@ -2560,7 +2495,7 @@ Zone America/Santa_Isabel	-7:39:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:20:32
 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
 # through 1995.  This was as per Shanks (1999).  But Shanks & Pottenger say
 # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975.  Guy Harris reports
-# that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicale, San Felipe and
+# that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and
 # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
 # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then.  This concerns
 # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
@@ -2573,7 +2508,7 @@ Zone America/Santa_Isabel	-7:39:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:20:32
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Anguilla
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # Antigua and Barbuda
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -2609,8 +2544,8 @@ Rule	Barb	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Barb	1979	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Barb	1980	only	-	Sep	25	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Barbados	-3:58:29 -	LMT	1924		# Bridgetown
-			-3:58:29 -	BMT	1932	  # Bridgetown Mean Time
+Zone America/Barbados	-3:58:29 -	LMT	1924 # Bridgetown
+			-3:58:29 -	BMT	1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
 			-4:00	Barb	A%sT
 
 # Belize
@@ -2640,20 +2575,20 @@ Zone	America/Belize	-5:52:48 -	LMT	1912 Apr
 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/Bermuda	-4:19:18 -	LMT	1930 Jan  1 2:00    # Hamilton
-			-4:00	-	AST	1974 Apr 28 2:00
+Zone Atlantic/Bermuda	-4:19:18 -	LMT	1930 Jan  1  2:00 # Hamilton
+			-4:00	-	AST	1974 Apr 28  2:00
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1976
 			-4:00	US	A%sT
 
 # Cayman Is
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890		# Georgetown
-			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
+Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890     # Georgetown
+			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 # Costa Rica
 
-# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San Jose mean time; round to nearest.
+# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
@@ -2663,10 +2598,10 @@ Rule	CR	1991	1992	-	Jan	Sat>=15	0:00	1:00	D
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	CR	1991	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	CR	1992	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	0	S
-# There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
+# There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
-			-5:36:13 -	SJMT	1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
+Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890        # San José
+			-5:36:13 -	SJMT	1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
 			-6:00	CR	C%sT
 # Coco
 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
@@ -2685,8 +2620,8 @@ Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
 # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
 # Time today."  (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
-# sleep on 1999-03-28--when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
-# to DST--and one more hour on 1999-04-04--when the announcers will have
+# sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
+# to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have
 # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
@@ -2708,16 +2643,16 @@ Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 # adjustment in Cuba.  We will stay in daylight saving time:
 # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
 # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
 # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
 # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
-# watches should be set back one hour -- going back to 00:00 hours -- returning
+# watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning
 # to the normal schedule....
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
-# http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html, dated yesterday,
+# , dated yesterday,
 # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
 # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
 # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
@@ -2731,10 +2666,10 @@ Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
 # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
 #
-# From Alex Kryvenishev (2007-10-25):
+# From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25):
 # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
 #
-# [Regira] el Horario Normal desde el [proximo] domingo 28 de octubre
+# Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre
 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
 #
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
@@ -2742,23 +2677,18 @@ Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
 # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
 # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
-# 
 # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
-# , a Cuban information station, and heard
+# a Cuban information station, and heard
 # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
 # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
 # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
 # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
-# 
 # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
-# 
 #
 # Some more background information is posted here:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
-# 
 #
 # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
 # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
@@ -2768,18 +2698,14 @@ Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 # change some historic records as well.
 #
 # One example:
-# 
 # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
-# 
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
 # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
 # web site, the Granma.  Please check out
-# 
 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
-# 
 #
-# Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsens information, the change
+# Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change
 # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
@@ -2790,18 +2716,14 @@ Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
 # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
 #
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
 # (in Spanish)
-# 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
 # I listened over the Internet to
-# 
 # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
-# 
 # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
-# the time was announced as "diez cinco"--the same time as here, indicating
+# the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating
 # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
@@ -2810,42 +2732,30 @@ Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 # changed at all).
 #
 # Source:
-# 
 # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
-# 
 #
 # Our info:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
-# 
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
 # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
 # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
 #
 # One source (Spanish)
-# 
 # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
-# 
 #
 # Our page:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
-# 
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
 # According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
 # 31 and April 1.
 #
 # Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
-# 
 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
-# 
 #
 # Our info on it:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
-# 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
 # Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
@@ -2901,7 +2811,7 @@ Zone	America/Havana	-5:29:28 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:00	Cuba	C%sT
 
 # Dominica
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # Dominican Republic
 
@@ -2934,8 +2844,8 @@ Rule	DR	1972	1974	-	Jan	21	0:00	0	S
 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:40	-	SDMT	1933 Apr  1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
 			-5:00	DR	E%sT	1974 Oct 27
-			-4:00	-	AST	2000 Oct 29 02:00
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	2000 Dec  3 01:00
+			-4:00	-	AST	2000 Oct 29  2:00
+			-5:00	US	E%sT	2000 Dec  3  1:00
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # El Salvador
@@ -2946,20 +2856,20 @@ Rule	Salv	1987	1988	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
 # instead of America/San_Salvador.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -	LMT	1921		# San Salvador
+Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -	LMT	1921 # San Salvador
 			-6:00	Salv	C%sT
 
 # Grenada
 # Guadeloupe
-# St Barthelemy
+# St Barthélemy
 # St Martin (French part)
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # Guatemala
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
 # Diario Co Latino, at
-# http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079,
+# ,
 # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
 # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
 # impact of the elevated cost of oil....  Daylight saving time will last from
@@ -2967,7 +2877,7 @@ Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -	LMT	1921		# San Salvador
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
 # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
 # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00.  See
-# .
+# http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Guat	1973	only	-	Nov	25	0:00	1:00	D
@@ -2984,11 +2894,10 @@ Zone America/Guatemala	-6:02:04 -	LMT	1918 Oct 5
 
 # Haiti
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
-# Risto O. Nykanen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
-# I searched for confirmation, and I found a
-#  press release
+# Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
+# I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release
 # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
-# .  Translated from French, it says:
+# .  Translated from French, it says:
 #
 #  "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
 #   and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
@@ -3065,14 +2974,14 @@ Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -	LMT	1890
 #  that Manuel Zelaya, the president
 # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
 # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
 # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
-# Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08)
-# .
+# Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08).
+# http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12
 # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
@@ -3100,22 +3009,22 @@ Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -	LMT	1921 Apr
 # unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
 # island".  Go with Milne.  Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Jamaica	-5:07:11 -	LMT	1890		# Kingston
+Zone	America/Jamaica	-5:07:11 -	LMT	1890        # Kingston
 			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
-			-5:00	-	EST	1974 Apr 28 2:00
+			-5:00	-	EST	1974 Apr 28  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1984
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 # Martinique
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Martinique	-4:04:20 -      LMT	1890		# Fort-de-France
-			-4:04:20 -	FFMT	1911 May     # Fort-de-France MT
+Zone America/Martinique	-4:04:20 -      LMT	1890        # Fort-de-France
+			-4:04:20 -	FFMT	1911 May    # Fort-de-France MT
 			-4:00	-	AST	1980 Apr  6
 			-4:00	1:00	ADT	1980 Sep 28
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Montserrat
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # Nicaragua
 #
@@ -3138,27 +3047,27 @@ Zone America/Martinique	-4:04:20 -      LMT	1890		# Fort-de-France
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
 # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
 # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
-# and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish):  "The last
+# and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
 # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
-# during the Arnoldo Aleman administration."...
+# during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
 # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
 # since December 1998.  I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
 # changes in 2000.  Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
 # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
 #
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
 # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
 # (2005-09-26)
 #
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
 # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
 # (my informal translation)
-# By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolanos, Nicaragua
+# By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
 # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
-# morning, and will stay that way until 30.th. of september.
+# morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
 #
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
 # My informal translation runs:
 # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
@@ -3176,7 +3085,7 @@ Zone	America/Managua	-5:45:08 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:45:12 -	MMT	1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
 			-6:00	-	CST	1973 May
 			-5:00	-	EST	1975 Feb 16
-			-6:00	Nic	C%sT	1992 Jan  1 4:00
+			-6:00	Nic	C%sT	1992 Jan  1  4:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1992 Sep 24
 			-6:00	-	CST	1993
 			-5:00	-	EST	1997
@@ -3185,36 +3094,36 @@ Zone	America/Managua	-5:45:08 -	LMT	1890
 # Panama
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Panama	-5:18:08 -	LMT	1890
-			-5:19:36 -	CMT	1908 Apr 22   # Colon Mean Time
+			-5:19:36 -	CMT	1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 # Puerto Rico
 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -	LMT	1899 Mar 28 12:00    # San Juan
+Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -	LMT	1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
 			-4:00	-	AST	1942 May  3
 			-4:00	US	A%sT	1946
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # St Kitts-Nevis
 # St Lucia
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # St Pierre and Miquelon
 # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 May 15	# St Pierre
+Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 May 15 # St Pierre
 			-4:00	-	AST	1980 May
 			-3:00	-	PMST	1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
 			-3:00	Canada	PM%sT
 
 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # Turks and Caicos
 #
 # From Chris Dunn in
-# 
+# http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007
 # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
 # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
 # the recent U.S. change of dates.
@@ -3227,21 +3136,23 @@ Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 May 15	# St Pierre
 # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
 # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-01):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say they use US DST rules, but IATA SSIM (1991/1998)
-# says they switch at midnight.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
+# The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UTC-4 year-round.  See:
+# http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
+# Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST on 2014-11-02 at 02:00.
 #
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	TC	1979	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	TC	1979	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	TC	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	TC	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	TC	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Grand_Turk	-4:44:32 -	LMT	1890
-			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
-			-5:00	TC	E%sT
+			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
+			-5:00	-	EST	1979
+			-5:00	US	E%sT	2014 Nov  2  2:00
+			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # British Virgin Is
 # Virgin Is
-# See 'southamerica'.
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+
+
+# Local Variables:
+# coding: utf-8
+# End:
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/pacificnew b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/pacificnew
index 09000c3457a..9b9257a45fe 100644
--- a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/pacificnew
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/pacificnew
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
     # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/southamerica b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/southamerica
index 02bf3bb6332..398ec0e4f06 100644
--- a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/southamerica
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/southamerica
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
     # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
-# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 #
 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
-# .
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
+# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
@@ -53,24 +53,24 @@
 #	I suggest the use of _Summer time_ instead of the more cumbersome
 #	_daylight-saving time_.  _Summer time_ seems to be in general use
 #	in Europe and South America.
-#	-- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
+#	-- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
 #	H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
 #
 # Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
 # for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
-# "summer time".  Reinaldo Goulart, a Sao Paulo businessman active in
+# "summer time".  Reinaldo Goulart, a São Paulo businessman active in
 # the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
 #	The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
-#	Brazil.  Let's say that "the Brasilia time" is considered the
-#	"official time" because Brasilia is the capital city.
-#	The other three time zones are called "Brasilia time "minus one" or
+#	Brazil.  Let's say that "the Brasília time" is considered the
+#	"official time" because Brasília is the capital city.
+#	The other three time zones are called "Brasília time "minus one" or
 #	"plus one" or "plus two".  As far as I know there is no such
 #	name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
 # So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #		std	dst
 #	-2:00	FNT	FNST	Fernando de Noronha
-#	-3:00	BRT	BRST	Brasilia
+#	-3:00	BRT	BRST	Brasília
 #	-4:00	AMT	AMST	Amazon
 #	-5:00	ACT	ACST	Acre
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
 # Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
 # Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974.  Switches at midnight.
 
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-199):
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-19):
 # ARGENTINA           3 H BEHIND   UTC
 
 # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ Rule	Arg	1988	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
 # These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
 # obtaining the data from the:
-# Talleres de Hidrografia Naval Argentina
+# Talleres de Hidrografía Naval Argentina
 # (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
 Rule	Arg	1989	1993	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1989	1992	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -140,13 +140,13 @@ Rule	Arg	1999	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	2000	only	-	Mar	3	0:00	0	-
 #
 # From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
-# We just checked with our Sao Paulo office and they say the government of
+# We just checked with our São Paulo office and they say the government of
 # Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
 # So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
 #
-# From Fabian L. Arce Jofre (2000-04-04):
+# From Fabián L. Arce Jofré (2000-04-04):
 # The law that claimed DST for Argentina was derogated by President Fernando
-# de la Rua on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
+# de la Rúa on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
 # in the winter time, rather than less.  The change took effect on March 3.
 #
 # From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06):
@@ -179,15 +179,13 @@ Rule	Arg	2000	only	-	Mar	3	0:00	0	-
 # that Argentina will use DST next year as well, from October to
 # March, although exact rules are not given.
 #
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-12-26)
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-12-26)
 # The last hurdle of Argentina DST is over, the proposal was approved in
-# the lower chamber too (Deputados) with a vote 192 for and 2 against.
+# the lower chamber too (Diputados) with a vote 192 for and 2 against.
 # By the way thanks to Mariano Absatz and Daniel Mario Vega for the link to
 # the original scanned proposal, where the dates and the zero hours are
 # clear and unambiguous...This is the article about final approval:
-# 
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/nota.asp?nota_id=973996
-# 
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-12-22):
 # For dates after mid-2008, the following rules are my guesses and
@@ -197,13 +195,8 @@ Rule	Arg	2000	only	-	Mar	3	0:00	0	-
 # As per message from Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz (Nicaragua),
 # Argentina will start DST on Sunday October 19, 2008.
 #
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina03.html
-# 
-# OR
-# 
 # http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=57832 (in spanish)
-# 
 
 # From Rodrigo Severo (2008-10-06):
 # Here is some info available at a Gentoo bug related to TZ on Argentina's DST:
@@ -212,48 +205,39 @@ Rule	Arg	2000	only	-	Mar	3	0:00	0	-
 # Hi, there is a problem with timezone-data-2008e and maybe with
 # timezone-data-2008f
 # Argentinian law [Number] 25.155 is no longer valid.
-# 
 # http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/60000-64999/60036/norma.htm
-# 
 # The new one is law [Number] 26.350
-# 
 # http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/135000-139999/136191/norma.htm
-# 
 # So there is no summer time in Argentina for now.
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2008-10-20):
-# Decree 1693/2008 applies Law 26.350 for the summer 2008/2009 establishing DST in Argentina
-# From 2008-10-19 until 2009-03-15
-# 
+# Decree 1693/2008 applies Law 26.350 for the summer 2008/2009 establishing DST
+# in Argentina from 2008-10-19 until 2009-03-15.
 # http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=16102008&pi=3&pf=4&s=0&sec=01
-# 
 #
-# Decree 1705/2008 excepting 12 Provinces from applying DST in the summer 2008/2009:
-# Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, La Pampa, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz
-# and Tierra del Fuego
-# 
+
+# Decree 1705/2008 excepting 12 Provinces from applying DST in the summer
+# 2008/2009: Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, La
+# Pampa, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego
 # http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=17102008&pi=1&pf=1&s=0&sec=01
-# 
 #
-# Press release 235 dated Saturday October 18th, from the Government of the Province of Jujuy saying
-# it will not apply DST either (even when it was not included in Decree 1705/2008)
-# 
+# Press release 235 dated Saturday October 18th, from the Government of the
+# Province of Jujuy saying it will not apply DST either (even when it was not
+# included in Decree 1705/2008).
 # http://www.jujuy.gov.ar/index2/partes_prensa/18_10_08/235-181008.doc
-# 
 
 # From fullinet (2009-10-18):
 # As announced in
-# 
 # http://www.argentina.gob.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=356
-# 
-# (an official .gob.ar) under title: "Sin Cambio de Hora" (english: "No hour change")
+# (an official .gob.ar) under title: "Sin Cambio de Hora"
+# (English: "No hour change").
 #
-# "Por el momento, el Gobierno Nacional resolvio no modificar la hora
-# oficial, decision que estaba en estudio para su implementacion el
-# domingo 18 de octubre. Desde el Ministerio de Planificacion se anuncio
-# que la Argentina hoy, en estas condiciones meteorologicas, no necesita
-# la modificacion del huso horario, ya que 2009 nos encuentra con
-# crecimiento en la produccion y distribucion energetica."
+# "Por el momento, el Gobierno Nacional resolvió no modificar la hora
+# oficial, decisión que estaba en estudio para su implementación el
+# domingo 18 de octubre. Desde el Ministerio de Planificación se anunció
+# que la Argentina hoy, en estas condiciones meteorológicas, no necesita
+# la modificación del huso horario, ya que 2009 nos encuentra con
+# crecimiento en la producción y distribución energética."
 
 Rule	Arg	2007	only	-	Dec	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	2008	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
@@ -267,10 +251,10 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # It's Law No. 7,210.  This change is due to a public power emergency, so for
 # now we'll assume it's for this year only.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# 
-# Hora de verano para la Republica Argentina (2003-06-08)
-#  says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-09):
+# Hora de verano para la República Argentina
+# http://buenasiembra.com.ar/esoterismo/astrologia/hora-de-verano-de-la-republica-argentina-27.html
+# says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
 # to 1920-05-01 was -4:16:48.25.  Go with this more-precise value
 # over Shanks & Pottenger.
 #
@@ -285,10 +269,10 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # time in October 17th.
 #
 # Catamarca, Chubut, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz,
-# Tierra del Fuego, Tucuman.
+# Tierra del Fuego, Tucumán.
 #
 # From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-14):
-# ... this weekend, the Province of Tucuman decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
+# ... this weekend, the Province of Tucumán decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
 # yesterday midnight (that is, at 24:00 Saturday 12th), since the people's
 # annoyance with the change is much higher than the power savings obtained....
 #
@@ -323,49 +307,38 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # Here are articles that Argentina Province San Luis is planning to end DST
 # as earlier as upcoming Monday January 21, 2008 or February 2008:
 #
-# Provincia argentina retrasa reloj y marca diferencia con resto del pais
+# Provincia argentina retrasa reloj y marca diferencia con resto del país
 # (Argentine Province delayed clock and mark difference with the rest of the
 # country)
-# 
 # http://cl.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200801171849_EFE_ET4373&idtel
-# 
 #
 # Es inminente que en San Luis atrasen una hora los relojes
 # (It is imminent in San Luis clocks one hour delay)
-# 
-# http://www.lagaceta.com.ar/vernotae.asp?id_nota=253414
-# 
-#
-# 
+# http://www.lagaceta.com.ar/nota/253414/Economia/Es-inminente-que-en-San-Luis-atrasen-una-hora-los-relojes.html
 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_argentina02.html
-# 
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-01-18):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-18):
 # The page of the San Luis provincial government
-# 
 # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=0&id=22812
-# 
 # confirms what Alex Krivenyshev has earlier sent to the tz
 # emailing list about that San Luis plans to return to standard
 # time much earlier than the rest of the country. It also
 # confirms that upon request the provinces San Juan and Mendoza
 # refused to follow San Luis in this change.
 #
-# The change is supposed to take place Monday the 21.st at 0:00
+# The change is supposed to take place Monday the 21st at 0:00
 # hours. As far as I understand it if this goes ahead, we need
 # a new timezone for San Luis (although there are also documented
 # independent changes in the southamerica file of San Luis in
 # 1990 and 1991 which has not been confirmed).
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-01-25):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-25):
 # Unfortunately the below page has become defunct, about the San Luis
 # time change. Perhaps because it now is part of a group of pages "Most
 # important pages of 2008."
 #
 # You can use
-# 
 # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=8141&id=22834
-# 
 # instead it seems. Or use "Buscador" from the main page of the San Luis
 # government, and fill in "huso" and click OK, and you will get 3 pages
 # from which the first one is identical to the above.
@@ -385,9 +358,9 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # back in 2004, when these provinces changed to UTC-4 for a few days, I
 # mailed them personally and never got an answer).
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
-# Unless otherwise specified, data are from Shanks & Pottenger through 1992,
-# from the IATA otherwise.  As noted below, Shanks & Pottenger say that
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
+# Unless otherwise specified, data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger through
+# 1992, from the IATA otherwise.  As noted below, Shanks & Pottenger say that
 # America/Cordoba split into 6 subregions during 1991/1992, one of which
 # was America/San_Luis, but we haven't verified this yet so for now we'll
 # keep America/Cordoba a single region rather than splitting it into the
@@ -399,14 +372,9 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # to utc-04:00 until the second Saturday in October...
 #
 # The press release is at
-# 
 # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/SL/Paginas/NoticiaDetalle.asp?TemaId=1&InfoPrensaId=3102
-# 
-# (I couldn't find the decree, but
-# 
-# www.sanluis.gov.ar
-# 
-# is the official page for the Province Government).
+# (I couldn't find the decree, but www.sanluis.gov.ar
+# is the official page for the Province Government.)
 #
 # There's also a note in only one of the major national papers ...
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1107912
@@ -423,9 +391,7 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # ...the Province of San Luis is a case in itself.
 #
 # The Law at
-# 
 # is ambiguous because establishes a calendar from the 2nd Sunday in
 # October at 0:00 thru the 2nd Saturday in March at 24:00 and the
 # complement of that starting on the 2nd Sunday of March at 0:00 and
@@ -454,19 +420,15 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # ...
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-09):
-# According to news reports from El Diario de la Republica Province San
+# According to news reports from El Diario de la República Province San
 # Luis, Argentina (standard time UTC-04) will keep Daylight Saving Time
-# after April 11, 2010--will continue to have same time as rest of
+# after April 11, 2010 - will continue to have same time as rest of
 # Argentina (UTC-3) (no DST).
 #
-# Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
-# 
+# Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
 # http://www.eldiariodelarepublica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29383&Itemid=9
-# 
 # or (some English translation):
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina08.html
-# 
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2010-04-12):
 # yes...I can confirm this...and given that San Luis keeps calling
@@ -478,7 +440,7 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # Perhaps San Luis operates on the legal fiction that it is at UTC-4
 # with perpetual summer time, but ordinary usage typically seems to
 # just say it's at UTC-3; see, for example,
-# .
+# http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora_oficial_argentina
 # We've documented similar situations as being plain changes to
 # standard time, so let's do that here too.  This does not change UTC
 # offsets, only tm_isdst and the time zone abbreviations.  One minor
@@ -486,20 +448,20 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # setting for time stamps past 2038.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
-# Milne says Cordoba time was -4:16:48.2.  Round to the nearest second.
+# Milne says Córdoba time was -4:16:48.2.  Round to the nearest second.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
 # Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
-Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
+Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
+			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT
 #
-# Cordoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Rios (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
+# Córdoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
 # Chaco (CC), Formosa (FM), Santiago del Estero (SE)
 #
 # Shanks & Pottenger also make the following claims, which we haven't verified:
@@ -519,7 +481,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT
 #
-# Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquen (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
+# Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquén (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
 Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
@@ -531,7 +493,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
-# Tucuman (TM)
+# Tucumán (TM)
 Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
@@ -642,8 +604,8 @@ Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # Santa Cruz (SC)
-Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
+Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
+			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
@@ -653,9 +615,9 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
-# Tierra del Fuego, Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur (TF)
-Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
+# Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur (TF)
+Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
+			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
@@ -686,13 +648,13 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 
 # From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
 # _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
-# Santa Catarina (SC), Parana (PR), Sao Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
-# Espirito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goias (GO),
+# Santa Catarina (SC), Paraná (PR), São Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
+# Espírito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goiás (GO),
 # Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
 # [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]
 
 # From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
-# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goias until 1989), and other
+# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goiás until 1989), and other
 # sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
 # always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
 # The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91.  Each issue from then until
@@ -706,16 +668,14 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 # However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
 # Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil.  For each
 # airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM.  From that
-# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapa (AP), Ceara (CE),
-# Maranhao (MA), Paraiba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piaui (PI), and Rio Grande do
-# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Para (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
+# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapá (AP), Ceará (CE),
+# Maranhão (MA), Paraíba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piauí (PI), and Rio Grande do
+# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Pará (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
 
 # From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
-# 
-# Brazilian official page
-# 
+# Brazilian official page 
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard (2000-11-03):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard (2000-11-03):
 # [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:]
 # http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm
 # http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm
@@ -748,13 +708,13 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 
 # From Paul Schulze (2008-06-24):
 # ...by law number 11.662 of April 24, 2008 (published in the "Diario
-# Oficial da Uniao"...) in Brazil there are changes in the timezones,
+# Oficial da União"...) in Brazil there are changes in the timezones,
 # effective today (00:00am at June 24, 2008) as follows:
 #
-# a) The timezone UTC+5 is e[x]tinguished, with all the Acre state and the
+# a) The timezone UTC+5 is extinguished, with all the Acre state and the
 # part of the Amazonas state that had this timezone now being put to the
 # timezone UTC+4
-# b) The whole Para state now is put at timezone UTC+3, instead of just
+# b) The whole Pará state now is put at timezone UTC+3, instead of just
 # part of it, as was before.
 #
 # This change follows a proposal of senator Tiao Viana of Acre state, that
@@ -767,13 +727,11 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 
 # From Rodrigo Severo (2008-06-24):
 # Just correcting the URL:
-# 
 # https://www.in.gov.br/imprensa/visualiza/index.jsp?jornal=do&secao=1&pagina=1&data=25/04/2008
-# 
 #
 # As a result of the above Decree I believe the America/Rio_Branco
 # timezone shall be modified from UTC-5 to UTC-4 and a new timezone shall
-# be created to represent the...west side of the Para State. I
+# be created to represent the...west side of the Pará State. I
 # suggest this new timezone be called Santarem as the most
 # important/populated city in the affected area.
 #
@@ -782,19 +740,16 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-24):
 # This is a quick reference page for New and Old Brazil Time Zones map.
-# 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/brazil-time-new-old.php
-# 
 #
-# - 4 time zones replaced by 3 time zones-eliminating time zone UTC- 05
-# (state Acre and the part of the Amazonas will be UTC/GMT- 04) - western
-# part of Par state is moving to one timezone UTC- 03 (from UTC -04).
+# - 4 time zones replaced by 3 time zones - eliminating time zone UTC-05
+# (state Acre and the part of the Amazonas will be UTC/GMT-04) - western
+# part of Par state is moving to one timezone UTC-03 (from UTC-04).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-10):
 # The official decrees referenced below are mostly taken from
-# 
-# Decretos sobre o Horario de Verao no Brasil
-# .
+# Decretos sobre o Horário de Verão no Brasil.
+# http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-29):
 # As announced by the government and many newspapers in Brazil late
@@ -806,25 +761,17 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 # It has not yet been posted to http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
 #
 # An official page about it:
-# 
 # http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do?newsId=16722
-# 
 # Note that this link does not always work directly, but must be accessed
 # by going to
-# 
 # http://www.mme.gov.br/first
-# 
 #
 # One example link that works directly:
-# 
 # http://jornale.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13530&Itemid=54
 # (Portuguese)
-# 
 #
 # We have a written a short article about it as well:
-# 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-dst-2008-2009.html
-# 
 #
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-04):
 # State Bahia will return to Daylight savings time this year after 8 years off.
@@ -832,17 +779,12 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 # television station in Salvador.
 
 # In Portuguese:
-# 
 # http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2011/10/governador-jaques-wagner-confirma-horario-de-verao-na-bahia.html
-#  and
-# 
 # http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI5390887-EI8139,00-Bahia+volta+a+ter+horario+de+verao+apos+oito+anos.html
-# 
 
 # From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-07):
 # There is news in the media, however there is still no decree about it.
-# I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandao at
-# http://pcdsh01.on.br/ the
+# I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandao at http://pcdsh01.on.br/ the
 # official agency about time in Brazil, and she confirmed that the old rule is
 # still in force.
 
@@ -854,9 +796,7 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 #
 # DECRETO No- 7.584, DE 13 DE OUTUBRO DE 2011
 # Link :
-# 
 # http://www.in.gov.br/visualiza/index.jsp?data=13/10/2011&jornal=1000&pagina=6&totalArquivos=6
-# 
 
 # From Kelley Cook (2012-10-16):
 # The governor of state of Bahia in Brazil announced on Thursday that
@@ -884,42 +824,42 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 # For now, assume western Amazonas will change as well.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# Decree 20,466 (1931-10-01)
-# Decree 21,896 (1932-01-10)
+# Decree 20,466  (1931-10-01)
+# Decree 21,896  (1932-01-10)
 Rule	Brazil	1931	only	-	Oct	 3	11:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1932	1933	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	1932	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
-# Decree 23,195 (1933-10-10)
+# Decree 23,195  (1933-10-10)
 # revoked DST.
-# Decree 27,496 (1949-11-24)
-# Decree 27,998 (1950-04-13)
+# Decree 27,496  (1949-11-24)
+# Decree 27,998  (1950-04-13)
 Rule	Brazil	1949	1952	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1950	only	-	Apr	16	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	1951	1952	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 32,308 (1953-02-24)
+# Decree 32,308  (1953-02-24)
 Rule	Brazil	1953	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 34,724 (1953-11-30)
+# Decree 34,724  (1953-11-30)
 # revoked DST.
-# Decree 52,700 (1963-10-18)
+# Decree 52,700  (1963-10-18)
 # established DST from 1963-10-23 00:00 to 1964-02-29 00:00
 # in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
-# Decree 53,071 (1963-12-03)
+# Decree 53,071  (1963-12-03)
 # extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
 Rule	Brazil	1963	only	-	Dec	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
-# Decree 53,604 (1964-02-25)
+# Decree 53,604  (1964-02-25)
 # extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
 Rule	Brazil	1964	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 55,639 (1965-01-27)
+# Decree 55,639  (1965-01-27)
 Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Mar	31	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 57,303 (1965-11-22)
+# Decree 57,303  (1965-11-22)
 Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
-# Decree 57,843 (1966-02-18)
+# Decree 57,843  (1966-02-18)
 Rule	Brazil	1966	1968	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	1966	1967	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
-# Decree 63,429 (1968-10-15)
+# Decree 63,429  (1968-10-15)
 # revoked DST.
-# Decree 91,698 (1985-09-27)
+# Decree 91,698  (1985-09-27)
 Rule	Brazil	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
 # Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
@@ -927,42 +867,42 @@ Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Mar	15	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
 Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Feb	14	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 94,922 (1987-09-22)
+# Decree 94,922  (1987-09-22)
 Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Feb	 7	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 96,676 (1988-09-12)
+# Decree 96,676  (1988-09-12)
 # except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
 Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Jan	29	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 98,077 (1989-08-21)
+# Decree 98,077  (1989-08-21)
 # with the same exceptions
 Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Oct	15	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 99,530 (1990-09-17)
+# Decree 99,530  (1990-09-17)
 # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
 # Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
 Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Feb	17	 0:00	0	-
-# Unnumbered decree (1991-09-25)
+# Unnumbered decree  (1991-09-25)
 # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
 Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Oct	20	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Feb	 9	 0:00	0	-
-# Unnumbered decree (1992-10-16)
+# Unnumbered decree  (1992-10-16)
 # adopted by same states.
 Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1993	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 942 (1993-09-28)
+# Decree 942  (1993-09-28)
 # adopted by same states, plus AM.
-# Decree 1,252 (1994-09-22;
+# Decree 1,252  (1994-09-22;
 # web page corrected 2004-01-07) adopted by same states, minus AM.
-# Decree 1,636 (1995-09-14)
+# Decree 1,636  (1995-09-14)
 # adopted by same states, plus MT and TO.
-# Decree 1,674 (1995-10-13)
+# Decree 1,674  (1995-10-13)
 # adds AL, SE.
 Rule	Brazil	1993	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=11	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1994	1995	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 2,000 (1996-09-04)
+# Decree 2,000  (1996-09-04)
 # adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
 Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Feb	16	 0:00	0	-
@@ -975,53 +915,51 @@ Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Feb	16	 0:00	0	-
 #
 # Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
 Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
-# Decree 2,495
+# Decree 2,495 
 # (1998-02-10)
 Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 2,780 (1998-09-11)
+# Decree 2,780  (1998-09-11)
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Oct	11	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1999	only	-	Feb	21	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 3,150
+# Decree 3,150 
 # (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
-# Decree 3,188 (1999-09-30)
+# Decree 3,188  (1999-09-30)
 # adds SE, AL, PB, PE, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
 Rule	Brazil	1999	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	2000	only	-	Feb	27	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 3,592 (2000-09-06)
+# Decree 3,592  (2000-09-06)
 # adopted by the same states as before.
-# Decree 3,630 (2000-10-13)
+# Decree 3,630  (2000-10-13)
 # repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00.
-# Decree 3,632 (2000-10-17)
+# Decree 3,632  (2000-10-17)
 # repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00.
-# Decree 3,916
+# Decree 3,916 
 # (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
 Rule	Brazil	2000	2001	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	2001	2006	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 4,399 (2002-10-01) repeals DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
-# 4,399
+# 4,399 
 Rule	Brazil	2002	only	-	Nov	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 4,844 (2003-09-24; corrected 2003-09-26) repeals DST in BA, MT, TO.
-# 4,844
+# 4,844 
 Rule	Brazil	2003	only	-	Oct	19	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 5,223 (2004-10-01) reestablishes DST in MT.
-# 5,223
+# 5,223 
 Rule	Brazil	2004	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
-# Decree 5,539 (2005-09-19),
+# Decree 5,539  (2005-09-19),
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 Rule	Brazil	2005	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	S
-# Decree 5,920 (2006-10-03),
+# Decree 5,920  (2006-10-03),
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 Rule	Brazil	2006	only	-	Nov	 5	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	2007	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 6,212 (2007-09-26),
+# Decree 6,212  (2007-09-26),
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 Rule	Brazil	2007	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 0:00	1:00	S
 # From Frederico A. C. Neves (2008-09-10):
 # According to this decree
-# 
 # http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2007-2010/2008/Decreto/D6558.htm
-# 
 # [t]he DST period in Brazil now on will be from the 3rd Oct Sunday to the
 # 3rd Feb Sunday. There is an exception on the return date when this is
 # the Carnival Sunday then the return date will be the next Sunday...
@@ -1056,29 +994,29 @@ Zone America/Noronha	-2:09:40 -	LMT	1914
 			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	2002 Oct  1
 			-2:00	-	FNT
 # Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement.
-# These include Trindade and Martin Vaz (administratively part of ES),
-# Atol das Rocas (RN), and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo (PE).
+# These include Trindade and Martim Vaz (administratively part of ES),
+# Rocas Atoll (RN), and the St Peter and St Paul Archipelago (PE).
 # Fernando de Noronha was a separate territory from 1942-09-02 to 1989-01-01;
 # it also included the Penedos.
 #
-# Amapa (AP), east Para (PA)
-# East Para includes Belem, Maraba, Serra Norte, and Sao Felix do Xingu.
-# The division between east and west Para is the river Xingu.
+# Amapá (AP), east Pará (PA)
+# East Pará includes Belém, Marabá, Serra Norte, and São Félix do Xingu.
+# The division between east and west Pará is the river Xingu.
 # In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
-# the border with Amapa) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
+# the border with Amapá) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
 Zone America/Belem	-3:13:56 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
-# west Para (PA)
-# West Para includes Altamira, Oribidos, Prainha, Oriximina, and Santarem.
+# west Pará (PA)
+# West Pará includes Altamira, Óbidos, Prainha, Oriximiná, and Santarém.
 Zone America/Santarem	-3:38:48 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
-			-4:00	-	AMT	2008 Jun 24 00:00
+			-4:00	-	AMT	2008 Jun 24  0:00
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
-# Maranhao (MA), Piaui (PI), Ceara (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
-# Paraiba (PB)
+# Maranhão (MA), Piauí (PI), Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
+# Paraíba (PB)
 Zone America/Fortaleza	-2:34:00 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
 			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
@@ -1125,11 +1063,11 @@ Zone America/Bahia	-2:34:04 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2012 Oct 21
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
-# Goias (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
-# Espirito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Sao Paulo (SP), Parana (PR),
+# Goiás (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
+# Espírito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR),
 # Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
 Zone America/Sao_Paulo	-3:06:28 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1963 Oct 23 00:00
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1963 Oct 23  0:00
 			-3:00	1:00	BRST	1964
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
 #
@@ -1143,7 +1081,7 @@ Zone America/Cuiaba	-3:44:20 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	-	AMT	2004 Oct  1
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT
 #
-# Rondonia (RO)
+# Rondônia (RO)
 Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-4:00	-	AMT
@@ -1155,7 +1093,7 @@ Zone America/Boa_Vista	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	2000 Oct 15
 			-4:00	-	AMT
 #
-# east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutai, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
+# east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutaí, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
 # The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
 # east from west Amazonas.
 Zone America/Manaus	-4:00:04 -	LMT	1914
@@ -1165,19 +1103,19 @@ Zone America/Manaus	-4:00:04 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	-	AMT
 #
 # west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
-#	Eirunepe, Envira, Ipixuna
+#	Eirunepé, Envira, Ipixuna
 Zone America/Eirunepe	-4:39:28 -	LMT	1914
 			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-5:00	-	ACT	1993 Sep 28
 			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1994 Sep 22
-			-5:00	-	ACT	2008 Jun 24 00:00
+			-5:00	-	ACT	2008 Jun 24  0:00
 			-4:00	-	AMT	2013 Nov 10
 			-5:00	-	ACT
 #
 # Acre (AC)
 Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1988 Sep 12
-			-5:00	-	ACT	2008 Jun 24 00:00
+			-5:00	-	ACT	2008 Jun 24  0:00
 			-4:00	-	AMT	2013 Nov 10
 			-5:00	-	ACT
 
@@ -1198,66 +1136,54 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2006-10-08):
 # http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
 
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-08):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-08):
 # I think that there are some obvious mistakes in the suggested link
 # from Oscar van Vlijmen,... for instance entry 66 says that GMT-4
 # ended 1990-09-12 while entry 67 only begins GMT-3 at 1990-09-15
 # (they should have been 1990-09-15 and 1990-09-16 respectively), but
 # anyhow it clears up some doubts too.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-27):
-# The following data for Chile and America/Santiago are from
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
+# The following data entries for Chile and America/Santiago are from
 #  (2006-09-20), transcribed by
-# Jesper Norgaard Welen.  The data for Pacific/Easter are from Shanks
+# Jesper Nørgaard Welen.  The data entries for Pacific/Easter are from Shanks
 # & Pottenger, except with DST transitions after 1932 cloned from
-# America/Santiago.  The pre-1980 Pacific/Easter data are dubious,
+# America/Santiago.  The pre-1980 Pacific/Easter data entries are dubious,
 # but we have no other source.
 
-# From German Poo-Caaman~o (2008-03-03):
+# From Germán Poo-Caamaño (2008-03-03):
 # Due to drought, Chile extends Daylight Time in three weeks.  This
 # is one-time change (Saturday 3/29 at 24:00 for America/Santiago
 # and Saturday 3/29 at 22:00 for Pacific/Easter)
 # The Supreme Decree is located at
-# 
 # http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/supremo316.pdf
-# 
 # and the instructions for 2008 are located in:
-# 
 # http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
-# .
 
-# From Jose Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
+# From José Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
 # ...
 # You could see the announces of the change on
-# 
 # http://www.shoa.cl/noticias/2008/04hora/hora.htm
-# .
 
 # From Angel Chiang (2010-03-04):
 # Subject: DST in Chile exceptionally extended to 3 April due to earthquake
-# 
 # http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/viewNoticia.aspx?idArticulo=30098
-# 
 # (in Spanish, last paragraph).
 #
 # This is breaking news. There should be more information available later.
 
-# From Arthur Daivd Olson (2010-03-06):
+# From Arthur David Olson (2010-03-06):
 # Angel Chiang's message confirmed by Julio Pacheco; Julio provided a patch.
 
-# From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-02): [geychaner@mac.com]
+# From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-02):
 # It appears that the Chilean government has decided to postpone the
 # change from summer time to winter time again, by three weeks to April
 # 2nd:
-# 
 # http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=467651
-# 
 #
 # This is not yet reflected in the official "cambio de hora" site, but
 # probably will be soon:
-# 
 # http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
-# 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-03-02):
 # The emol.com article mentions a water shortage as the cause of the
@@ -1265,9 +1191,7 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 
 # From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-28):
 # The article:
-# 
 # http://diario.elmercurio.com/2011/03/28/_portada/_portada/noticias/7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E.htm?id=3D{7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E}
-# 
 #
 # In English:
 # Chile's clocks will go back an hour this year on the 7th of May instead
@@ -1298,7 +1222,7 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # start date is 2013-09-08 00:00....
 # http://www.gob.cl/informa/2013/02/15/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de-hora-para-el-ano-2013.htm
 
-# From Jose Miguel Garrido (2014-02-19):
+# From José Miguel Garrido (2014-02-19):
 # Today appeared in the Diario Oficial a decree amending the time change
 # dates to 2014.
 # DST End: last Saturday of April 2014 (Sun 27 Apr 2014 03:00 UTC)
@@ -1352,7 +1276,7 @@ Rule	Chile	2012	max	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
 # (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Santiago	-4:42:46 -	LMT	1890
-			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1910 	    # Santiago Mean Time
+			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1910        # Santiago Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	CLT	1916 Jul  1 # Chile Time
 			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1918 Sep  1 # Santiago Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	CLT	1919 Jul  1 # Chile Time
@@ -1361,16 +1285,16 @@ Zone America/Santiago	-4:42:46 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT
 Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:44 -	LMT	1890
 			-7:17:28 -	EMT	1932 Sep    # Easter Mean Time
-			-7:00	Chile	EAS%sT	1982 Mar 13 21:00 # Easter I Time
+			-7:00	Chile	EAS%sT	1982 Mar 13 21:00 # Easter Time
 			-6:00	Chile	EAS%sT
 #
-# Sala y Gomez Island is like Pacific/Easter.
-# Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernandez Is, San Ambrosio,
-# San Felix, and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
+# Salas y Gómez Island is uninhabited.
+# Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernández Is, Desventuradas Is,
+# and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
 
 # Colombia
 
-# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogota time in 1899; round to nearest.  He writes,
+# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogotá time in 1899; round to nearest.  He writes,
 # "A variation of fifteen minutes in the public clocks of Bogota is not rare."
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -1378,37 +1302,37 @@ Rule	CO	1992	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	CO	1993	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:16 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
-			-4:56:16 -	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
+			-4:56:16 -	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogotá Mean Time
 			-5:00	CO	CO%sT	# Colombia Time
 # Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
 # no information; probably like America/Bogota
 
-# Curacao
+# Curaçao
 
-# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curacao mean time; round to nearest.
+# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
 # -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that
 # Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from
 # 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01.  The former is dubious, since S&P also say
-# Saba Island has been like Curacao.
+# Saba Island has been like Curaçao.
 # This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
 #
-# By July 2007 Curacao and St Maarten are planned to become
+# By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become
 # associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba;
 # Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the
 # Netherlands as Kingdom Islands.  This won't affect their time zones
 # though, as far as we know.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Curacao	-4:35:47 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12	# Willemstad
+Zone	America/Curacao	-4:35:47 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
 			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
 # use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
-# The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen charaters
+# The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen characters
 # and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes" below.
 
 Link	America/Curacao	America/Lower_Princes	# Sint Maarten
@@ -1416,7 +1340,7 @@ Link	America/Curacao	America/Kralendijk	# Caribbean Netherlands
 
 # Ecuador
 #
-# Milne says the Sentral and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15.
+# Milne says the Central and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-04):
 # Apparently Ecuador had a failed experiment with DST in 1992.
@@ -1427,10 +1351,10 @@ Link	America/Curacao	America/Kralendijk	# Caribbean Netherlands
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Guayaquil	-5:19:20 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:14:00 -	QMT	1931 # Quito Mean Time
-			-5:00	-	ECT	     # Ecuador Time
+			-5:00	-	ECT	# Ecuador Time
 Zone Pacific/Galapagos	-5:58:24 -	LMT	1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
 			-5:00	-	ECT	1986
-			-6:00	-	GALT	     # Galapagos Time
+			-6:00	-	GALT	# Galápagos Time
 
 # Falklands
 
@@ -1439,7 +1363,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Galapagos	-5:58:24 -	LMT	1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
 # the IATA gives 1996-09-08.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 
 # From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22)
-# via Jesper Norgaard:
+# via Jesper Nørgaard:
 # ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15
 # April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2
 # September.  It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2
@@ -1488,9 +1412,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Galapagos	-5:58:24 -	LMT	1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
 # daylight saving time.
 #
 # One source:
-# 
 # http://www.falklandnews.com/public/story.cfm?get=5914&source=3
-# 
 #
 # We have gotten this confirmed by a clerk of the legislative assembly:
 # Normally the clocks revert to Local Mean Time (UTC/GMT -4 hours) on the
@@ -1531,10 +1453,10 @@ Rule	Falk	2001	2010	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Falk	2001	2010	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Stanley	-3:51:24 -	LMT	1890
-			-3:51:24 -	SMT	1912 Mar 12  # Stanley Mean Time
-			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	1983 May     # Falkland Is Time
+			-3:51:24 -	SMT	1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
+			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	1983 May    # Falkland Is Time
 			-3:00	Falk	FK%sT	1985 Sep 15
-			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	2010 Sep 5 02:00
+			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	2010 Sep  5  2:00
 			-3:00	-	FKST
 
 # French Guiana
@@ -1545,7 +1467,7 @@ Zone America/Cayenne	-3:29:20 -	LMT	1911 Jul
 
 # Guyana
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Guyana	-3:52:40 -	LMT	1915 Mar	# Georgetown
+Zone	America/Guyana	-3:52:40 -	LMT	1915 Mar    # Georgetown
 			-3:45	-	GBGT	1966 May 26 # Br Guiana Time
 			-3:45	-	GYT	1975 Jul 31 # Guyana Time
 			-3:00	-	GYT	1991
@@ -1555,8 +1477,8 @@ Zone	America/Guyana	-3:52:40 -	LMT	1915 Mar	# Georgetown
 # Paraguay
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are from 01:00 -> 02:00,
-# and autumn transitions are from 00:00 -> 23:00.  Go with pre-1999
+# Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are 01:00 -> 02:00,
+# and autumn transitions are 00:00 -> 23:00.  Go with pre-1999
 # editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
 #
 # From Waldemar Villamayor-Venialbo (2013-09-20):
@@ -1582,9 +1504,8 @@ Rule	Para	1996	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 # (10-01).
 #
 # Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from
-# 
-# Noticias, a daily paper in Asuncion, Paraguay (2000-10-01)
-# :
+# Noticias, a daily paper in Asunción, Paraguay (2000-10-01):
+# http://www.diarionoticias.com.py/011000/nacional/naciona1.htm
 # Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in
 # fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power....  The time change
 # system has been operating for several years.  Formerly there was a separate
@@ -1605,21 +1526,18 @@ Rule	Para	1998	2001	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	2002	2004	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	2002	2003	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 #
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
 # There are several sources that claim that Paraguay made
 # a timezone rule change in autumn 2004.
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-01-05):
 # Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05)
-# From Carlos Raul Perasso via Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
-# 
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso via Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
+# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/decretos/D1867.pdf
 Rule	Para	2004	2009	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	2005	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
-# From Carlos Raul Perasso (2010-02-18):
-# By decree number 3958 issued yesterday (
-# 
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2010-02-18):
+# By decree number 3958 issued yesterday
 # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/decreto3958.pdf
-# 
-# )
 # Paraguay changes its DST schedule, postponing the March rule to April and
 # modifying the October date. The decree reads:
 # ...
@@ -1635,25 +1553,25 @@ Rule	Para	2010	2012	-	Apr	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
 # Paraguay will end DST on 2013-03-24 00:00....
 # http://www.ande.gov.py/interna.php?id=1075
 #
-# From Carlos Raul Perasso (2013-03-15):
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2013-03-15):
 # The change in Paraguay is now final.  Decree number 10780
 # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/uploads/pdf/presidencia-3b86ff4b691c79d4f5927ca964922ec74772ce857c02ca054a52a37b49afc7fb.pdf
-# From Carlos Raul Perasso (2014-02-28):
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2014-02-28):
 # Decree 1264 can be found at:
 # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/archivos/documentos/DECRETO1264_ey9r8zai.pdf
 Rule	Para	2013	max	-	Mar	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Asuncion	-3:50:40 -	LMT	1890
-			-3:50:40 -	AMT	1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
-			-4:00	-	PYT	1972 Oct # Paraguay Time
+			-3:50:40 -	AMT	1931 Oct 10 # Asunción Mean Time
+			-4:00	-	PYT	1972 Oct    # Paraguay Time
 			-3:00	-	PYT	1974 Apr
 			-4:00	Para	PY%sT
 
 # Peru
 #
-# 
-# From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26):
+# From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26)
+# :
 # When we were in Peru in 1985-1986, they apparently switched over
 # sometime between December 29 and January 3 while we were on the Amazon.
 #
@@ -1679,7 +1597,7 @@ Zone	America/Lima	-5:08:12 -	LMT	1890
 
 # South Georgia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890		# Grytviken
+Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890 # Grytviken
 			-2:00	-	GST	# South Georgia Time
 
 # South Sandwich Is
@@ -1689,9 +1607,9 @@ Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890		# Grytviken
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Paramaribo	-3:40:40 -	LMT	1911
 			-3:40:52 -	PMT	1935     # Paramaribo Mean Time
-			-3:40:36 -	PMT	1945 Oct # The capital moved?
+			-3:40:36 -	PMT	1945 Oct    # The capital moved?
 			-3:30	-	NEGT	1975 Nov 20 # Dutch Guiana Time
-			-3:30	-	SRT	1984 Oct # Suriname Time
+			-3:30	-	SRT	1984 Oct    # Suriname Time
 			-3:00	-	SRT
 
 # Trinidad and Tobago
@@ -1706,7 +1624,7 @@ Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Grenada
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Guadeloupe
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot	# St Martin (French part)
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Montserrat
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy # St Barthélemy
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Kitts	# St Kitts & Nevis
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Lucia
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Thomas	# Virgin Islands (US)
@@ -1765,7 +1683,7 @@ Rule	Uruguay	1990	1991	-	Oct	Sun>=21	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1992	only	-	Oct	18	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1993	only	-	Feb	28	 0:00	0	-
 # From Eduardo Cota (2004-09-20):
-# The uruguayan government has decreed a change in the local time....
+# The Uruguayan government has decreed a change in the local time....
 # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/decretos/2004091502.htm
 Rule	Uruguay	2004	only	-	Sep	19	 0:00	1:00	S
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-03-11):
@@ -1779,14 +1697,14 @@ Rule	Uruguay	2005	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00	0	-
 # 02:00 local time, official time in Uruguay will be at GMT -2.
 Rule	Uruguay	2005	only	-	Oct	 9	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	2006	only	-	Mar	12	 2:00	0	-
-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-06):
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-06):
 # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_web/decretos/2006/09/CM%20210_08%2006%202006_00001.PDF
 Rule	Uruguay	2006	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	 2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Montevideo	-3:44:44 -	LMT	1898 Jun 28
-			-3:44:44 -	MMT	1920 May  1	# Montevideo MT
-			-3:30	Uruguay	UY%sT	1942 Dec 14	# Uruguay Time
+			-3:44:44 -	MMT	1920 May  1 # Montevideo MT
+			-3:30	Uruguay	UY%sT	1942 Dec 14 # Uruguay Time
 			-3:00	Uruguay	UY%sT
 
 # Venezuela
@@ -1794,14 +1712,14 @@ Zone America/Montevideo	-3:44:44 -	LMT	1898 Jun 28
 # From John Stainforth (2007-11-28):
 # ... the change for Venezuela originally expected for 2007-12-31 has
 # been brought forward to 2007-12-09.  The official announcement was
-# published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la Republica Bolivariana
-# de Venezuela, numero 38.819" (official document for all laws or
+# published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la República Bolivariana
+# de Venezuela, número 38.819" (official document for all laws or
 # resolution publication)
 # http://www.globovision.com/news.php?nid=72208
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Caracas	-4:27:44 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:27:40 -	CMT	1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
-			-4:30	-	VET	1965	     # Venezuela Time
-			-4:00	-	VET	2007 Dec  9 03:00
+			-4:30	-	VET	1965        # Venezuela Time
+			-4:00	-	VET	2007 Dec  9  3:00
 			-4:30	-	VET
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/systemv b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/systemv
index f909f9c76db..c7b9a888e88 100644
--- a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/systemv
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/systemv
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# 
     # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/zone.tab b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/zone.tab
index 7cec627fd95..45351ca8486 100644
--- a/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/zone.tab
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/zone.tab
@@ -21,39 +21,27 @@
 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 # questions.
 #
-# TZ zone descriptions
+# tz zone descriptions (deprecated version)
 #
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-14):
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
+# This file is intended as a backward-compatibility aid for older programs.
+# New programs should use zone1970.tab.  This file is like zone1970.tab (see
+# zone1970.tab's comments), but with the following additional restrictions:
 #
-# This file contains a table where each row stands for an area that is
-# the intersection of a region identified by a country code and of a
-# zone where civil clocks have agreed since 1970.  The columns of the
-# table are as follows:
+# 1.  This file contains only ASCII characters.
+# 2.  The first data column contains exactly one country code.
 #
-# 1.  ISO 3166 2-character country code.  See the file 'iso3166.tab'.
-# 2.  Latitude and longitude of the area's principal location
-#     in ISO 6709 sign-degrees-minutes-seconds format,
-#     either +-DDMM+-DDDMM or +-DDMMSS+-DDDMMSS,
-#     first latitude (+ is north), then longitude (+ is east).
-# 3.  Zone name used in value of TZ environment variable.
-#     Please see the 'Theory' file for how zone names are chosen.
-#     If multiple zones overlap a country, each has a row in the
-#     table, with column 1 being duplicated.
-# 4.  Comments; present if and only if the country has multiple rows.
-#
-# Columns are separated by a single tab.
-# The table is sorted first by country, then an order within the country that
-# (1) makes some geographical sense, and
-# (2) puts the most populous areas first, where that does not contradict (1).
-#
-# Lines beginning with '#' are comments.
+# Because of (2), each row stands for an area that is the intersection
+# of a region identified by a country code and of a zone where civil
+# clocks have agreed since 1970; this is a narrower definition than
+# that of zone1970.tab.
 #
 # This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
-# zone data appropriate for their practical needs.  It is not intended
-# to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
+# zone data entries appropriate for their practical needs.  It is not
+# intended to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
 #
 #country-
 #code	coordinates	TZ			comments
@@ -72,7 +60,7 @@ AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson Station, Holme Bay
 AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis Station, Vestfold Hills
 AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
 AQ	-7824+10654	Antarctica/Vostok	Vostok Station, Lake Vostok
-AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville Station, Terre Adelie
+AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville Station, Adelie Land
 AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa Station, E Ongul I
 AQ	-720041+0023206	Antarctica/Troll	Troll Station, Queen Maud Land
 AR	-3436-05827	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires	Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
@@ -151,7 +139,7 @@ CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did
 CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
 CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern Time - east Nunavut - most locations
 CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Eastern Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut
-CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central Standard Time - Resolute, Nunavut
+CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central Time - Resolute, Nunavut
 CA	+484531-0913718	America/Atikokan	Eastern Standard Time - Atikokan, Ontario and Southampton I, Nunavut
 CA	+624900-0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central Time - central Nunavut
 CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario
@@ -176,13 +164,10 @@ CH	+4723+00832	Europe/Zurich
 CI	+0519-00402	Africa/Abidjan
 CK	-2114-15946	Pacific/Rarotonga
 CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	most locations
-CL	-2709-10926	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island & Sala y Gomez
+CL	-2709-10926	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island
 CM	+0403+00942	Africa/Douala
-CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	east China - Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, etc.
-CN	+4545+12641	Asia/Harbin	Heilongjiang (except Mohe), Jilin
-CN	+2934+10635	Asia/Chongqing	central China - Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Guizhou, etc.
-CN	+4348+08735	Asia/Urumqi	most of Tibet & Xinjiang
-CN	+3929+07559	Asia/Kashgar	west Tibet & Xinjiang
+CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	Beijing Time
+CN	+4348+08735	Asia/Urumqi	Xinjiang Time
 CO	+0436-07405	America/Bogota
 CR	+0956-08405	America/Costa_Rica
 CU	+2308-08222	America/Havana
@@ -364,24 +349,26 @@ RE	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion
 RO	+4426+02606	Europe/Bucharest
 RS	+4450+02030	Europe/Belgrade
 RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	Moscow-01 - Kaliningrad
-RU	+5545+03735	Europe/Moscow	Moscow+00 - west Russia
-RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	Moscow+00 - Caspian Sea
-RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	Moscow+00 - Samara, Udmurtia
+RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	Moscow+00 - west Russia
 RU	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	Moscow+00 - Crimea
+RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	Moscow+00 - Caspian Sea
+RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	Moscow+00 (Moscow+01 after 2014-10-26) - Samara, Udmurtia
 RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	Moscow+02 - Urals
 RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	Moscow+03 - west Siberia
 RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	Moscow+03 - Novosibirsk
-RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	Moscow+03 - Novokuznetsk
+RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	Moscow+03 (Moscow+04 after 2014-10-26) - Kemerovo
 RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	Moscow+04 - Yenisei River
 RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal
+RU	+5203+11328	Asia/Chita	Moscow+06 (Moscow+05 after 2014-10-26) - Zabaykalsky
 RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	Moscow+06 - Lena River
 RU	+623923+1353314	Asia/Khandyga	Moscow+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
 RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	Moscow+07 - Amur River
 RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	Moscow+07 - Sakhalin Island
 RU	+643337+1431336	Asia/Ust-Nera	Moscow+07 - Oymyakonsky
-RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	Moscow+08 - Magadan
-RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	Moscow+08 - Kamchatka
-RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	Moscow+08 - Bering Sea
+RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	Moscow+08 (Moscow+07 after 2014-10-26) - Magadan
+RU	+6728+15343	Asia/Srednekolymsk	Moscow+08 - E Sakha, N Kuril Is
+RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Kamchatka
+RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Bering Sea
 RW	-0157+03004	Africa/Kigali
 SA	+2438+04643	Asia/Riyadh
 SB	-0932+16012	Pacific/Guadalcanal
@@ -448,13 +435,13 @@ US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain Time
 US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
 US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	Mountain Standard Time - Arizona (except Navajo)
 US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific Time
+US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Pacific Standard Time - Annette Island, Alaska
 US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska Time
 US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle
 US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska Time - southeast Alaska panhandle
 US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle neck
 US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska Time - west Alaska
 US	+515248-1763929	America/Adak	Aleutian Islands
-US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Metlakatla Time - Annette Island
 US	+211825-1575130	Pacific/Honolulu	Hawaii
 UY	-3453-05611	America/Montevideo
 UZ	+3940+06648	Asia/Samarkand	west Uzbekistan
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/util/locale/provider/Bug8038436.java b/jdk/test/sun/util/locale/provider/Bug8038436.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d224190c995
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/util/locale/provider/Bug8038436.java
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * @test
+ * @bug 8038436
+ * @summary Test for changes in 8038436
+ * @compile -XDignore.symbol.file Bug8038436.java
+ * @run main/othervm Bug8038436 -Djava.ext.dirs=foo security
+ * @run main/othervm Bug8038436 -Djava.locale.providers=JRE availlocs
+ */
+
+import java.security.*;
+import java.text.*;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.stream.*;
+import sun.util.locale.provider.*;
+
+public class Bug8038436 {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        switch (args[1]) {
+        case "security":
+            securityTests();
+            break;
+        case "availlocs":
+            availableLocalesTests();
+            break;
+        default:
+            throw new RuntimeException("no test was specified.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void securityTests() {
+        Policy.setPolicy(new MyPolicy());
+        System.setSecurityManager(new SecurityManager());
+
+        /*
+         * Test for AccessClassInPackage security exception. Confirms that
+         * exeption won't be thrown if an application sets a Permission that
+         * does not allow any RuntimePermission, on loading LocaleDataMetaInfo
+         * from jdk.localedata module.
+         */
+        System.out.println(new Formatter(Locale.JAPAN).format("%1$tB %1$te, %1$tY",
+                           new GregorianCalendar()));
+
+        /*
+         * Check only English/ROOT locales are returned if the jdk.localedata
+         * module is not installed (implied by "java.ext.dirs" set to "foo").
+         */
+        if (Arrays.asList(Locale.getAvailableLocales())
+                .stream()
+                .anyMatch(l -> l != Locale.ROOT && l.getLanguage() != "en")) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("non English locale(s) included in available locales");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    static class MyPolicy extends Policy {
+        final PermissionCollection perms = new Permissions();
+
+        MyPolicy() {
+            // allows no RuntimePermission
+        }
+
+        public PermissionCollection getPermissions(ProtectionDomain domain) {
+            return perms;
+        }
+
+        public PermissionCollection getPermissions(CodeSource codesource) {
+            return perms;
+        }
+
+        public boolean implies(ProtectionDomain domain, Permission perm) {
+            return perms.implies(perm);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static final String[] bipLocs = ("ar, ar-JO, ar-LB, ar-SY, be, be-BY, bg, " +
+        "bg-BG, ca, ca-ES, cs, cs-CZ, da, da-DK, de, de-AT, de-CH, de-DE, " +
+        "de-LU, el, el-CY, el-GR, en, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IE, en-IN, " +
+        "en-MT, en-NZ, en-PH, en-SG, en-US, en-ZA, es, es-AR, es-BO, es-CL, " +
+        "es-CO, es-CR, es-DO, es-EC, es-ES, es-GT, es-HN, es-MX, es-NI, " +
+        "es-PA, es-PE, es-PR, es-PY, es-SV, es-US, es-UY, es-VE, et, et-EE, " +
+        "fi, fi-FI, fr, fr-BE, fr-CA, fr-CH, fr-FR, ga, ga-IE, he, he-IL, " +
+        "hi-IN, hr, hr-HR, hu, hu-HU, id, id-ID, is, is-IS, it, it-CH, it-IT, " +
+        "ja, ja-JP, ko, ko-KR, lt, lt-LT, lv, lv-LV, mk, mk-MK, ms, ms-MY, mt, " +
+        "mt-MT, nl, nl-BE, nl-NL, no, no-NO, no-NO, pl, pl-PL, pt, pt-BR, " +
+        "pt-PT, ro, ro-RO, ru, ru-RU, sk, sk-SK, sl, sl-SI, sq, sq-AL, sr, " +
+        "sr-BA, sr-CS, sr-Latn, sr-Latn-ME, sr-ME, sr-RS, sv, sv-SE, th, th-TH, " +
+        "tr, tr-TR, uk, uk-UA, und, vi, vi-VN, zh, zh-CN, zh-HK, zh-Hans-CN, " +
+        "zh-Hans-SG, zh-Hant-HK, zh-Hant-TW, zh-SG, zh-TW, ").split(",\\s*");
+    static final String[] dfpLocs = bipLocs;
+    static final String[] datefspLocs = bipLocs;
+    static final String[] decimalfspLocs = bipLocs;
+    static final String[] calnpLocs = bipLocs;
+    static final String[] cpLocs = ("ar, be, bg, ca, cs, da, el, es, et, fi, " +
+        "fr, he, hi, hr, hu, is, ja, ko, lt, lv, mk, no, pl, ro, ru, sk, sl, " +
+        "sq, sr, sr-Latn, sv, th, tr, uk, und, vi, zh, zh-HK, zh-Hant-HK, " +
+        "zh-Hant-TW, zh-TW, ").split(",\\s*");
+    static final String[] nfpLocs = ("ar, ar-AE, ar-BH, ar-DZ, ar-EG, ar-IQ, " +
+        "ar-JO, ar-KW, ar-LB, ar-LY, ar-MA, ar-OM, ar-QA, ar-SA, ar-SD, ar-SY, " +
+        "ar-TN, ar-YE, be, be-BY, bg, bg-BG, ca, ca-ES, cs, cs-CZ, da, da-DK, " +
+        "de, de-AT, de-CH, de-DE, de-GR, de-LU, el, el-CY, el-GR, en, en-AU, " +
+        "en-CA, en-GB, en-IE, en-IN, en-MT, en-NZ, en-PH, en-SG, en-US, en-ZA, " +
+        "es, es-AR, es-BO, es-CL, es-CO, es-CR, es-CU, es-DO, es-EC, es-ES, " +
+        "es-GT, es-HN, es-MX, es-NI, es-PA, es-PE, es-PR, es-PY, es-SV, es-US, " +
+        "es-UY, es-VE, et, et-EE, fi, fi-FI, fr, fr-BE, fr-CA, fr-CH, fr-FR, " +
+        "fr-LU, ga, ga-IE, he, he-IL, hi, hi-IN, hr, hr-HR, hu, hu-HU, id, " +
+        "id-ID, is, is-IS, it, it-CH, it-IT, ja, ja-JP, " +
+        "ja-JP-u-ca-japanese-x-lvariant-JP, ko, ko-KR, lt, lt-LT, lv, lv-LV, " +
+        "mk, mk-MK, ms, ms-MY, mt, mt-MT, nb-NO, nl, nl-BE, nl-NL, nn-NO, " +
+        "nn-NO, no, no-NO, pl, pl-PL, pt, pt-BR, pt-PT, ro, ro-RO, ru, ru-RU, " +
+        "sk, sk-SK, sl, sl-SI, sq, sq-AL, sr, sr-BA, sr-CS, sr-Latn, " +
+        "sr-Latn-BA, sr-Latn-ME, sr-Latn-RS, sr-ME, sr-RS, sv, sv-SE, th, " +
+        "th-TH, th-TH-u-nu-thai-x-lvariant-TH, tr, tr-TR, uk, uk-UA, und, vi, " +
+        "vi-VN, zh, zh-CN, zh-HK, zh-Hans-CN, zh-Hans-SG, zh-Hant-HK, " +
+        "zh-Hant-TW, zh-SG, zh-TW, ").split(",\\s*");
+    static final String[] currencynpLocs = ("ar-AE, ar-BH, ar-DZ, ar-EG, ar-IQ, " +
+        "ar-JO, ar-KW, ar-LB, ar-LY, ar-MA, ar-OM, ar-QA, ar-SA, ar-SD, ar-SY, " +
+        "ar-TN, ar-YE, be-BY, bg-BG, ca-ES, cs-CZ, da-DK, de, de-AT, de-CH, " +
+        "de-DE, de-GR, de-LU, el-CY, el-GR, en-AU, en-CA, en-GB, en-IE, en-IN, " +
+        "en-MT, en-NZ, en-PH, en-SG, en-US, en-ZA, es, es-AR, es-BO, es-CL, " +
+        "es-CO, es-CR, es-CU, es-DO, es-EC, es-ES, es-GT, es-HN, es-MX, es-NI, " +
+        "es-PA, es-PE, es-PR, es-PY, es-SV, es-US, es-UY, es-VE, et-EE, fi-FI, " +
+        "fr, fr-BE, fr-CA, fr-CH, fr-FR, fr-LU, ga-IE, he-IL, hi-IN, hr-HR, " +
+        "hu-HU, id-ID, is-IS, it, it-CH, it-IT, ja, ja-JP, ko, ko-KR, lt-LT, " +
+        "lv-LV, mk-MK, ms-MY, mt-MT, nl-BE, nl-NL, no-NO, pl-PL, pt, pt-BR, " +
+        "pt-PT, ro-RO, ru-RU, sk-SK, sl-SI, sq-AL, sr-BA, sr-CS, sr-Latn-BA, " +
+        "sr-Latn-ME, sr-Latn-RS, sr-ME, sr-RS, sv, sv-SE, th-TH, tr-TR, uk-UA, " +
+        "und, vi-VN, zh-CN, zh-HK, zh-Hans-CN, zh-Hans-SG, zh-Hant-HK, " +
+        "zh-Hant-TW, zh-SG, zh-TW, ").split(",\\s*");
+    static final String[] lnpLocs = ("ar, be, bg, ca, cs, da, de, el, el-CY, " +
+        "en, en-MT, en-PH, en-SG, es, es-US, et, fi, fr, ga, he, hi, hr, hu, " +
+        "id, is, it, ja, ko, lt, lv, mk, ms, mt, nl, no, no-NO, pl, pt, pt-BR, " +
+        "pt-PT, ro, ru, sk, sl, sq, sr, sr-Latn, sv, th, tr, uk, und, vi, zh, " +
+        "zh-HK, zh-Hans-SG, zh-Hant-HK, zh-Hant-TW, zh-SG, zh-TW, ").split(",\\s*");
+    static final String[] tznpLocs = ("de, en, en-CA, en-GB, en-IE, es, fr, hi, " +
+        "it, ja, ko, pt-BR, sv, und, zh-CN, zh-HK, zh-Hans-CN, zh-Hant-HK, " +
+        "zh-Hant-TW, zh-TW, ").split(",\\s*");
+    static final String[] caldpLocs = ("ar, be, bg, ca, cs, da, de, el, el-CY, " +
+        "en, en-GB, en-IE, en-MT, es, es-ES, es-US, et, fi, fr, fr-CA, he, hi, " +
+        "hr, hu, id-ID, is, it, ja, ko, lt, lv, mk, ms-MY, mt, mt-MT, nl, no, " +
+        "pl, pt, pt-BR, pt-PT, ro, ru, sk, sl, sq, sr, sr-Latn-BA, sr-Latn-ME, " +
+        "sr-Latn-RS, sv, th, tr, uk, und, vi, zh, ").split(",\\s*");
+    static final String[] calpLocs = caldpLocs;
+
+    /*
+     * Validate whether JRE's *Providers return supported locales list based on
+     * their actual resource bundle exsistence. The above golden data
+     * are manually extracted, so they need to be updated if new locale
+     * data resource bundle were added.
+     */
+    private static void availableLocalesTests() {
+        LocaleProviderAdapter jre = LocaleProviderAdapter.forJRE();
+
+        checkAvailableLocales("BreakIteratorProvider",
+            jre.getBreakIteratorProvider().getAvailableLocales(), bipLocs);
+        checkAvailableLocales("CollatorProvider",
+            jre.getCollatorProvider().getAvailableLocales(), cpLocs);
+        checkAvailableLocales("DateFormatProvider",
+            jre.getDateFormatProvider().getAvailableLocales(), dfpLocs);
+        checkAvailableLocales("DateFormatSymbolsProvider",
+            jre.getDateFormatSymbolsProvider().getAvailableLocales(), datefspLocs);
+        checkAvailableLocales("DecimalFormatSymbolsProvider",
+            jre.getDecimalFormatSymbolsProvider().getAvailableLocales(), decimalfspLocs);
+        checkAvailableLocales("NumberFormatProvider",
+            jre.getNumberFormatProvider().getAvailableLocales(), nfpLocs);
+        checkAvailableLocales("CurrencyNameProvider",
+            jre.getCurrencyNameProvider().getAvailableLocales(), currencynpLocs);
+        checkAvailableLocales("LocaleNameProvider",
+            jre.getLocaleNameProvider().getAvailableLocales(), lnpLocs);
+        checkAvailableLocales("TimeZoneNameProvider",
+            jre.getTimeZoneNameProvider().getAvailableLocales(), tznpLocs);
+        checkAvailableLocales("CalendarDataProvider",
+            jre.getCalendarDataProvider().getAvailableLocales(), caldpLocs);
+        checkAvailableLocales("CalendarNameProvider",
+            jre.getCalendarNameProvider().getAvailableLocales(), calnpLocs);
+        checkAvailableLocales("CalendarProvider",
+            jre.getCalendarProvider().getAvailableLocales(), calpLocs);
+    }
+
+    private static void checkAvailableLocales(String testName, Locale[] got, String[] expected) {
+        System.out.println("Testing available locales for " + testName);
+        List gotList = Arrays.asList(got).stream()
+            .map(Locale::toLanguageTag)
+            .sorted()
+            .map(Locale::forLanguageTag)
+            .collect(Collectors.toList());
+        List expectedList = Arrays.asList(expected).stream()
+            .map(Locale::forLanguageTag)
+            .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+        if (!gotList.equals(expectedList)) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("\n" + gotList.toString() + "\n is not equal to \n" +
+                                       expectedList.toString());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/jdk/test/sun/util/resources/TimeZone/Bug6317929.java b/jdk/test/sun/util/resources/TimeZone/Bug6317929.java
index 4b047c5e4e1..1c59896f2a9 100644
--- a/jdk/test/sun/util/resources/TimeZone/Bug6317929.java
+++ b/jdk/test/sun/util/resources/TimeZone/Bug6317929.java
@@ -122,11 +122,11 @@ public class Bug6317929 {
         TimeZone Currie = TimeZone.getTimeZone("Australia/Currie");
         tzLocale = locales2Test[0];
         if (!Currie.getDisplayName(false, TimeZone.LONG, tzLocale).equals
-           ("Eastern Standard Time (New South Wales)"))
+           ("Australian Eastern Standard Time (New South Wales)"))
             throw new RuntimeException("\n" + tzLocale + ": LONG, " +
                                        "non-daylight saving name for " +
                                        "Australia/Currie should be " +
-                                       "\"Eastern Standard Time " +
+                                       "\"Australian Eastern Standard Time " +
                                        "(New South Wales)\"");
         tzLocale = locales2Test[1];
         if (!Currie.getDisplayName(false, TimeZone.LONG, tzLocale).equals