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 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
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 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
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 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
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 * accompanied this code).
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 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
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 */

package java.net;

import sun.net.util.IPAddressUtil;

import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
import java.util.Objects;

/**
 * This class represents an Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) address.
 * Defined by <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc790.txt">
 * <i>RFC&nbsp;790: Assigned Numbers</i></a>,
 * <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1918.txt">
 * <i>RFC&nbsp;1918: Address Allocation for Private Internets</i></a>,
 * and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2365.txt"><i>RFC&nbsp;2365:
 * Administratively Scoped IP Multicast</i></a>
 *
 * <h2> <a id="format">Textual representation of IPv4 addresses</a> </h2>
 *
 * Textual representation of IPv4 address used as input to methods
 * takes one of the following forms:
 *
 * <blockquote><ul style="list-style-type:none">
 * <li>{@code d.d.d.d}</li>
 * <li>{@code d.d.d}</li>
 * <li>{@code d.d}</li>
 * <li>{@code d}</li>
 * </ul></blockquote>
 *
 * <p> When four parts are specified, each is interpreted as a byte of
 * data and assigned, from left to right, to the four bytes of an IPv4
 * address.
 *
 * <p> When a three part address is specified, the last part is
 * interpreted as a 16-bit quantity and placed in the right most two
 * bytes of the network address. This makes the three part address
 * format convenient for specifying Class B network addresses as
 * 128.net.host.
 *
 * <p> When a two part address is supplied, the last part is
 * interpreted as a 24-bit quantity and placed in the right most three
 * bytes of the network address. This makes the two part address
 * format convenient for specifying Class A network addresses as
 * net.host.
 *
 * <p> When only one part is given, the value is stored directly in
 * the network address without any byte rearrangement.
 *
 * <p> These forms support parts specified in decimal format only.
 * For example, the following forms are supported by methods capable
 * of parsing textual representations of IPv4 addresses:
 * {@snippet :
 *  // Dotted-decimal 'd.d.d.d' form with four part address literal
 *  InetAddress.getByName("007.008.009.010"); // ==> /7.8.9.10
 *  InetAddress.getByName("127.0.1.1");       // ==> /127.0.1.1
 *
 *  // Dotted-decimal 'd.d.d' form with three part address literal,
 *  // the last part is placed in the right most two bytes
 *  // of the constructed address
 *  InetAddress.getByName("127.0.257"); // ==> /127.0.1.1
 *
 *  // Dotted-decimal 'd.d' form with two part address literal,
 *  // the last part is placed in the right most three bytes
 *  // of the constructed address
 *  Inet4Address.ofLiteral("127.257"); // ==> /127.0.1.1
 *
 *  // 'd' form with one decimal value that is stored directly in
 *  // the constructed address bytes without any rearrangement
 *  Inet4Address.ofLiteral("02130706689"); // ==> /127.0.1.1
 * }
 *
 * <p> For methods that return a textual representation as output
 * value, the first form, i.e. a dotted-quad string, is used.
 *
 * <h3> The Scope of a Multicast Address </h3>
 *
 * Historically the IPv4 TTL field in the IP header has doubled as a
 * multicast scope field: a TTL of 0 means node-local, 1 means
 * link-local, up through 32 means site-local, up through 64 means
 * region-local, up through 128 means continent-local, and up through
 * 255 are global. However, the administrative scoping is preferred.
 * Please refer to <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2365.txt">
 * <i>RFC&nbsp;2365: Administratively Scoped IP Multicast</i></a>
 *
 * @spec https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1918
 *      RFC 1918: Address Allocation for Private Internets
 * @spec https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2365
 *      RFC 2365: Administratively Scoped IP Multicast
 * @spec https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc790
 *      RFC 790: Assigned numbers
 * @since 1.4
 */

public final
class Inet4Address extends InetAddress {
    static final int INADDRSZ = 4;

    /** use serialVersionUID from InetAddress, but Inet4Address instance
     *  is always replaced by an InetAddress instance before being
     *  serialized */
    @java.io.Serial
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3286316764910316507L;

    /*
     * Perform initializations.
     */
    static {
        init();
    }

    Inet4Address() {
        super();
        holder().hostName = null;
        holder().address = 0;
        holder().family = IPv4;
    }

    Inet4Address(String hostName, byte[] addr) {
        holder().hostName = hostName;
        holder().family = IPv4;
        if (addr != null) {
            if (addr.length == INADDRSZ) {
                int address  = addr[3] & 0xFF;
                address |= ((addr[2] << 8) & 0xFF00);
                address |= ((addr[1] << 16) & 0xFF0000);
                address |= ((addr[0] << 24) & 0xFF000000);
                holder().address = address;
            }
        }
        holder().originalHostName = hostName;
    }
    Inet4Address(String hostName, int address) {
        holder().hostName = hostName;
        holder().family = IPv4;
        holder().address = address;
        holder().originalHostName = hostName;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an {@code Inet4Address} based on the provided {@linkplain
     * Inet4Address##format textual representation} of an IPv4 address.
     * <p> If the provided IPv4 address literal cannot represent a {@linkplain
     * Inet4Address##format valid IPv4 address} an {@code IllegalArgumentException} is thrown.
     * <p> This method doesn't block, i.e. no reverse lookup is performed.
     *
     * @param ipv4AddressLiteral the textual representation of an IPv4 address.
     * @return an {@link Inet4Address} object with no hostname set, and constructed
     *         from the provided IPv4 address literal.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code ipv4AddressLiteral} cannot be
     *         parsed as an IPv4 address literal.
     * @throws NullPointerException if the {@code ipv4AddressLiteral} is {@code null}.
     * @since 22
     */
    public static Inet4Address ofLiteral(String ipv4AddressLiteral) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(ipv4AddressLiteral);
        return parseAddressString(ipv4AddressLiteral, true);
    }

    /**
     * Parses the given string as an IPv4 address literal.
     * If the given {@code addressLiteral} string cannot be parsed as an IPv4 address literal
     * and {@code throwIAE} is {@code false}, {@code null} is returned.
     * If the given {@code addressLiteral} string cannot be parsed as an IPv4 address literal
     * and {@code throwIAE} is {@code true}, an {@code IllegalArgumentException} is thrown.
     * Otherwise, if it can be considered as {@linkplain IPAddressUtil#validateNumericFormatV4(String,
     * boolean) an ambiguous literal} - {@code IllegalArgumentException} is thrown irrelevant to
     * {@code throwIAE} value.
     *
     * @apiNote
     * The given {@code addressLiteral} string is considered ambiguous if it cannot be parsed as
     * a valid IPv4 address literal using decimal notation, but could be
     * interpreted as an IPv4 address in some other representation (octal, hexadecimal, or mixed).
     * @param addressLiteral IPv4 address literal to parse
     * @param throwIAE whether to throw {@code IllegalArgumentException} if the
     *                 given {@code addressLiteral} string cannot be parsed as
     *                 an IPv4 address literal.
     * @return {@code Inet4Address} object constructed from the address literal;
     *         or {@code null} if the literal cannot be parsed as an IPv4 address
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given {@code addressLiteral} string
     * cannot be parsed as an IPv4 address literal and {@code throwIAE} is {@code true},
     * or if it is considered ambiguous, regardless of the value of {@code throwIAE}.
     */
    static Inet4Address parseAddressString(String addressLiteral, boolean throwIAE) {
        byte [] addrBytes= IPAddressUtil.validateNumericFormatV4(addressLiteral, throwIAE);
        if (addrBytes == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return new Inet4Address(null, addrBytes);
    }

    /**
     * Replaces the object to be serialized with an InetAddress object.
     *
     * @return the alternate object to be serialized.
     *
     * @throws ObjectStreamException if a new object replacing this
     * object could not be created
     */
    @java.io.Serial
    private Object writeReplace() throws ObjectStreamException {
        // will replace the to be serialized 'this' object
        InetAddress inet = new InetAddress();
        inet.holder().hostName = holder().getHostName();
        inet.holder().address = holder().getAddress();

        /**
         * Prior to 1.4 an InetAddress was created with a family
         * based on the platform AF_INET value (usually 2).
         * For compatibility reasons we must therefore write
         * the InetAddress with this family.
         */
        inet.holder().family = 2;

        return inet;
    }

    /**
     * Utility routine to check if the InetAddress is an
     * IP multicast address. IP multicast address is a Class D
     * address i.e first four bits of the address are 1110.
     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the InetAddress is
     * an IP multicast address
     */
    public boolean isMulticastAddress() {
        return ((holder().getAddress() & 0xf0000000) == 0xe0000000);
    }

    /**
     * Utility routine to check if the InetAddress is a wildcard address.
     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the InetAddress is
     *         a wildcard address.
     */
    public boolean isAnyLocalAddress() {
        return holder().getAddress() == 0;
    }

    /**
     * Utility routine to check if the InetAddress is a loopback address.
     *
     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the InetAddress is
     * a loopback address; or false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean isLoopbackAddress() {
        /* 127.x.x.x */
        byte[] byteAddr = getAddress();
        return byteAddr[0] == 127;
    }

    /**
     * Utility routine to check if the InetAddress is a link local address.
     *
     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the InetAddress is
     * a link local address; or false if address is not a link local unicast address.
     */
    public boolean isLinkLocalAddress() {
        // link-local unicast in IPv4 (169.254.0.0/16)
        // defined in "Documenting Special Use IPv4 Address Blocks
        // that have been Registered with IANA" by Bill Manning
        // draft-manning-dsua-06.txt
        int address = holder().getAddress();
        return (((address >>> 24) & 0xFF) == 169)
            && (((address >>> 16) & 0xFF) == 254);
    }

    /**
     * Utility routine to check if the InetAddress is a site local address.
     *
     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the InetAddress is
     * a site local address; or false if address is not a site local unicast address.
     */
    public boolean isSiteLocalAddress() {
        // refer to RFC 1918
        // 10/8 prefix
        // 172.16/12 prefix
        // 192.168/16 prefix
        int address = holder().getAddress();
        return (((address >>> 24) & 0xFF) == 10)
            || ((((address >>> 24) & 0xFF) == 172)
                && (((address >>> 16) & 0xF0) == 16))
            || ((((address >>> 24) & 0xFF) == 192)
                && (((address >>> 16) & 0xFF) == 168));
    }

    /**
     * Utility routine to check if the multicast address has global scope.
     *
     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the address has
     *         is a multicast address of global scope, false if it is not
     *         of global scope or it is not a multicast address
     */
    public boolean isMCGlobal() {
        // 224.0.1.0 to 238.255.255.255
        byte[] byteAddr = getAddress();
        return ((byteAddr[0] & 0xff) >= 224 && (byteAddr[0] & 0xff) <= 238 ) &&
            !((byteAddr[0] & 0xff) == 224 && byteAddr[1] == 0 &&
              byteAddr[2] == 0);
    }

    /**
     * Utility routine to check if the multicast address has node scope.
     *
     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the address has
     *         is a multicast address of node-local scope, false if it is not
     *         of node-local scope or it is not a multicast address
     */
    public boolean isMCNodeLocal() {
        // unless ttl == 0
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Utility routine to check if the multicast address has link scope.
     *
     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the address has
     *         is a multicast address of link-local scope, false if it is not
     *         of link-local scope or it is not a multicast address
     */
    public boolean isMCLinkLocal() {
        // 224.0.0/24 prefix and ttl == 1
        int address = holder().getAddress();
        return (((address >>> 24) & 0xFF) == 224)
            && (((address >>> 16) & 0xFF) == 0)
            && (((address >>> 8) & 0xFF) == 0);
    }

    /**
     * Utility routine to check if the multicast address has site scope.
     *
     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the address has
     *         is a multicast address of site-local scope, false if it is not
     *         of site-local scope or it is not a multicast address
     */
    public boolean isMCSiteLocal() {
        // 239.255/16 prefix or ttl < 32
        int address = holder().getAddress();
        return (((address >>> 24) & 0xFF) == 239)
            && (((address >>> 16) & 0xFF) == 255);
    }

    /**
     * Utility routine to check if the multicast address has organization scope.
     *
     * @return a {@code boolean} indicating if the address has
     *         is a multicast address of organization-local scope,
     *         false if it is not of organization-local scope
     *         or it is not a multicast address
     */
    public boolean isMCOrgLocal() {
        // 239.192 - 239.195
        int address = holder().getAddress();
        return (((address >>> 24) & 0xFF) == 239)
            && (((address >>> 16) & 0xFF) >= 192)
            && (((address >>> 16) & 0xFF) <= 195);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the raw IP address of this {@code InetAddress}
     * object. The result is in network byte order: the highest order
     * byte of the address is in {@code getAddress()[0]}.
     *
     * @return  the raw IP address of this object.
     */
    public byte[] getAddress() {
        int address = holder().getAddress();
        byte[] addr = new byte[INADDRSZ];

        addr[0] = (byte) ((address >>> 24) & 0xFF);
        addr[1] = (byte) ((address >>> 16) & 0xFF);
        addr[2] = (byte) ((address >>> 8) & 0xFF);
        addr[3] = (byte) (address & 0xFF);
        return addr;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the 32-bit IPv4 address.
     */
    int addressValue() {
        return holder().getAddress();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the IP address string in textual presentation form.
     *
     * @return  the raw IP address in a string format.
     */
    public String getHostAddress() {
        return numericToTextFormat(getAddress());
    }

    /**
     * Returns a hashcode for this IP address.
     *
     * @return  a hash code value for this IP address.
     */
    public int hashCode() {
        return holder().getAddress();
    }

    /**
     * Compares this object against the specified object.
     * The result is {@code true} if and only if the argument is
     * not {@code null} and it represents the same IP address as
     * this object.
     * <p>
     * Two instances of {@code InetAddress} represent the same IP
     * address if the length of the byte arrays returned by
     * {@code getAddress} is the same for both, and each of the
     * array components is the same for the byte arrays.
     *
     * @param   obj   the object to compare against.
     * @return  {@code true} if the objects are the same;
     *          {@code false} otherwise.
     * @see     java.net.InetAddress#getAddress()
     */
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        return (obj instanceof Inet4Address inet4Address) &&
            inet4Address.holder().getAddress() == holder().getAddress();
    }

    // Utilities

    /**
     * Converts IPv4 binary address into a string suitable for presentation.
     *
     * @param src a byte array representing an IPv4 numeric address
     * @return a String representing the IPv4 address in
     *         textual representation format
     */
    static String numericToTextFormat(byte[] src)
    {
        return (src[0] & 0xff) + "." + (src[1] & 0xff) + "." + (src[2] & 0xff) + "." + (src[3] & 0xff);
    }

    /**
     * Perform class load-time initializations.
     */
    private static native void init();
}